scholarly journals FILOSOFINIAI APMĄSTYMAI APIE EUROPOS INTEGRACIJĄ: ARISTOTELIŠKAS SUBSIDIARUMAS VERSUS KANTIŠKAS UNIVERSALIZMAS

Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Bielskis
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
European Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Divide ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

Straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, kaip šiuolaikinė aristotelinė politinė filosofija gali padėti reflektuoti Europos integraciją. Teigiama, kad Europos vakarietiška tapatybė pokyčių tarptautiniuose santykiuose po šaltojo karo pabaigos ir augančių kultūrinių Europos ir JAV skirtumų kontekste vis labiau praranda prasmę. Atlikus trumpą filosofinės „Vakarų“ sąvokos istorijos analizę teigiama, kad Europai yra tikslingiau puoselėti savo europietišką, o ne „vakarietišką“ tapatybę. Filosofiškai pabrėžiant nacionalinių kultūrų ir vietinių (kultūrinių) tapatybių svarbą, Europos kultūrinę ir politinę integraciją galima apmąstyti ir susieti su aristoteline filosofija. Teigiama, jog subsidiarumo principas yra ne tik politinis, bet ir etinis unikalios Europos integracijos principas. Straipsnyje subsidiarumas aptariamas pasitelkiant Arsitotelio teleologinę etiką, pabrėžiant jai būdingą kultūros ir kultūriškai įkūnytų žmogaus tikslų svarbą. Taip suprastas subsidiarumas iškyla kaip priešingas kantiškai deontologijai, teigiant, jog kantiška moralės samprata paskatina vienpusišką modernią politiškumo sampratą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: aristotelinė filosofija, Kantas, modernybė, postmodernybė, subsidiarumas, Europos integracija.A Philosophical Reflection on European Integration: Aristotelian Subsidiarity versus Kantian UniversalismAndrius Bielskis SummaryThis paper aims to show how contemporary Aristotelian political philosophy can be utilised in our reflections on European integration. It argues that changes in international relations after the end of the Cold War and a growing cultural divide between Europe and the US makes Europe’s Western identity untenable. Through a brief philosophical sketch of the history of ‘the West’ it argues that Europe needs to return to its European rather than Western roots. The philosophical emphasis on national cultures and local identities, which is also found at the heart of the European Union in the form of the notion of subsidiarity, links European cultural and political integration to Aristotelian philosophy. The paper argues that the principle of subsidiarity can be seen both as the political as well as ethical principle of European integration. Subsidiarity is understood in terms of Aristotle’s teleological ethics which emphasises the importance of culture and culturally embodied human ends and is juxtaposed to Kant’s deontology. The essay argues that the Kantian notion of the public and Kant’s understanding of morality gives rise to the modern one-sided account of the political.Keywords: Aristotelian philosophy, Kant, modernity, post-modernity, subsidiarity, European integration.br />

1989

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Middell
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
German Unification ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Subsequent Integration

The essay argues that the story of 1989 can be told either as a narrow or a wide story. The narrow story focuses on the end of communism, the unification of Germany, and the subsequent integration of former communist states into the European Union. It works especially well for Central and Eastern Europe, although it also has implications for regimes in Africa that relied on Soviet support. However, it also requires considerable qualification, given the survival of communist regimes in China, Vietnam, Cuba, and elsewhere. In the second, wide version of the story, 1989 brings to visibility processes that had been at work for several decades, undermining the power blocs of the Cold War era and the territorially defined polities on which the system of international relations rested. In this story 1989 is of as much relevance to the West as to the former Eastern Bloc. The essay looks at both stories in relation to Gorbachev and perestroika, the US role in the end of the Cold War, German unification, the singing revolution in the Baltic, and 1989 in China and Cuba.

scholarly journals The Historical Archives of the European Union in Florence: Research in a Multilingual and Transnational Archives

Atlanti ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Dieter Schlenker
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

The Historical Archives of the European Union (HAEU) is a centre dedicated to the archival preservation and research on the history of European integration. In close cooperation with the Archives services of the EU Institutions, the HAEU preserves and make available to research the archival holdings of EU Institutions. Also, the Archives promotes research on the history of the EU Institutions, raises the public interest in the process of European integration and increases transparency in the EU Institutions’ work. Established following a decision by the European Communities in 1983 to open their historical archives to the public, the HAEU opened its doors in 1986. As part of the European University Institute, it is located in the historic Villa Salviati in Florence, Italy. The internet era and the modern information society have profoundly changed the research behaviour at the HAEU, in particular due to its unique character as transnational and multi-lingual archives. As central access point to EU institutional archives it is part of a network of more than 50 EU Institutions, Bodies and Agencies and seeks to respond, in close collaboration with its partners, to the challenges of the digital age. This paper outlines some key projects in terms of coping with research in an online archival database, the necessity to standardise and harmonise archival description, the added value of standardised vocabularies and the digitisation and online publication of paper archives.

scholarly journals American Commonalities and Roots of European Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13(49) (3) ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
David Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
European Integration ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
American Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
European Thought

This article looks deeply into the historical parallels between the American and European experiences of state integration, which have resulted in the United States of America and the European Union, respectively. It first defines the key international relations concept of state integration and compares American and European thought on the idea. It then turns to examine some of the highpoints in the history of integration in the American and European cases. Given the remarkable historical commonalties between the two processes, the article puts forward the idea of the American experience as a chief inspiration and source for European integration. It concludes by suggesting that without the historical example of the United States, as well as massive American post-war assistance to Europe, it is highly doubtful that European integration would have commenced when and as it did.

scholarly journals THE NATURE OF COMPETITION IN US-EUROPEAN RELATIONS AND ITS DETERMINANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (08) ◽  
pp. 291-306
Author(s):  
Anwer Mohamed Ahmed ABUJANAH
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Competition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
International Interaction ◽  
Dominant Characteristic ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cold War

Competition is among the pivotal features and it considered as one of he international interaction movement. Generally, relationships between all countries, such as relations between individuals, no matter how close and cooperative they face, are not without manifestations of competition and conflict that may take a peaceful structure, and even take the method of violence that sometimes reaches the degree of physical confrontation. Since the end of the Cold War, international competition has become an inevitable phenomenon that characterizes international relations due to the absence of an ideological counterfactual, and as a result of many of these forces owe the same ideology as the strongest powers on the international scene. It can be noticed that they are competing forces rather than conflicting forces. Characterized by the rules of management of international relationships between these most powerful features is competition feature , not the conflict. Accordingly, the phenomenon of international competition is an aspect of international dealings. In addition it is a dominant characteristic of most international transactions between several states, especially when it comes to the economic aspect, as the conflict of interests between states necessitates the supremacy of competition in international relations. The US-European relations are stated as other manifestations of interaction between countries and do not differ too much from other international relationships, as they have cases of competition despite the manifestations of cooperation and understanding between them in many life aspects towards various international issues, but the competition between them has its nature and specifics. This topic aims to identify the nature of competition in relations between the United States of America and the European Union countries in several vital regions of the world, most notably the Middle East and the African continent. Keywords: International Competition, International Relations, International Conflict, The Middle East.

Kryzys integracji europejskiej czy kryzys Unii Europejskiej? Przesłanki i skutki

2016 ◽  
pp. 82-108
Author(s):  
Józef M. Fiszer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complete Overhaul ◽  
The Eu

There is no doubt that the European Union, as a result of the European integration, is an unprecedented entity in the history of international relations. It is a symbol of a new, uniting Europe, which decided to eliminate war forever. Unfortunately, the idea of “eternal peace” has not materialised fully yet. The article aims to present the European Union at present, facing an ongoing crisis. The article discusses strengths and weaknesses of the EU, which – although it became substantially stronger expanding to the East – does not cope with many economic, political, social and international problems nowadays. The main thesis is the statement that the EU requires a complete overhaul so that it might continue to develop and be the European integration drive. If it does not happen, the EU will start to disintegrate and will finally collapse or become nothing more but just a free trade zone.

scholarly journals European and Integration Studies

2014 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Kaveshnikov
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Science School ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

Soviet scientific school of pan-European integration studies began to emerge in the 1960s at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (Russian Academy of Science). Among the leading scientists who have developed methodological approaches of Soviet integration studies were M.M. Maximova, Y.A. Borko, Y. Shishkov, L.I. Capercaillie. Later, a new center for integration studies became the Institute of Europe, created in 1987. It was led by such renowned scientists as Academicians V.V. Zhurkin and N.P. Shmelev. In the 1980s the subject of the integration process in Europe attracted attention of experts from MGIMO. An important role in the development of school of integration research in the USSR was played by a MGIMO professor, head of the chair of history of international relations and foreign policy of the USSR V.B. Knyazhinskiy. His work contributed to the deliverance of the national scientific community from skepticism about the prospects for European integration. Ideas of V.B. Knyazhinsky are developed today in MGIMO by his followers A.V. Mal'gin and T.V. Ur'eva. In the mid-1990s, having retired from diplomatic service, professor Yu. Matveevskiy started to work at MGIMO. With a considerable practical experience in the field, he produced a series of monographs on the history of European integration. In his works, he analyses the development of integration processes in Western Europe from their inception to the present day, showing the gradual maturation of the necessary spiritual and material prerequisites for the start of integration and traces the various stages of the "integration". In the late 1990s, the growing demand from the domestic business and government for professionals who are capable of interacting with the European Union, has produced the necessary supply in the form of educational programs based on accumulated scientific knowledge. Setting up a discipline "European Integration" was a major step in the development of domestic science school integration research. The creation in 2003 at MGIMO of the first in Russia Department of European integration was a necessary and logical step.

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

National Internationalists: British and West German Protests against Nuclear Weapons, the Politics of Transnational Communications and the Social History of the Cold War, 1957–1964

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOLGER NEHRING
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Social History ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

This article examines the politics of communication between British and West German protesters against nuclear weapons in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The interpretation suggested here historicises the assumptions of ‘transnational history’ and shows the nationalist and internationalist dimensions of the protest movements' histories to be inextricably connected. Both movements related their own aims to global and international problems. Yet they continued to observe the world from their individual perspectives: national, regional and local forms thus remained important. By illuminating the interaction between political traditions, social developments and international relations in shaping important political movements within two European societies, this article can provide one element of a new connective social history of the cold war.

The Governance of the European Union: A New Institutionalist Approach

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Bulmer
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
European Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
European Integration ◽  
European Community ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
System Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Comparative Public Policy ◽  
Policy Perspective

ABSTRACTThe analysis of European integration has tended to use a toolkit drawn from international relations. But since the revival of integration in the mid-1980s, the governance of the European Community and European Union has increasingly come to resemble that of a multi-tiered state. Accordingly, this article analyzes the governance of the European Union from a comparative public policy perspective. Using new or historical institutionalism, three levels are considered. In the first part, attention is focused on the EU's institutions and the available instruments of governance. The second part examines the analysis of governance at the policy-specific or sub-system level, and puts forward an approach based on governance regimes. The final part considers the institutional roots of the persistent, regulatory character of governance in the European Union.

Corruption and Integration – Does the Expansion of the European Union Represent a Risk Factor?

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hetzer
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe imminent entry of ten countries into the European Union is one of the greatest success stories in the contemporary history of the continent. Following the devastation of the Second World War and the political and economic paralysis during the ‘Cold War’ period the future holds promise of development opportunities of historical significance for twenty-five Member States. It must not be overlooked, however, that, due to the still prevalent differences in living standards, in income ratios and in administrative structures, the process of economic approximation is also not without risks. Among these is the tendency towards corruption. The expansion of the European Union can only succeed economically and politically if the dangers associated with corruption are minimized by far-sighted legislation and consistent implementation measures throughout Europe. This is true not only with respect to the new Member States.

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