scholarly journals Analysis of Linguo-cultural Picture of LIE in Systemic Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Irena Snukiškienė
Keyword(s):  
Visual Storytelling ◽  
Cultural Image ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The article presents Lithuanian linguistic cultural image of LIE (MELAS) reconstructed from lexicographic data. The analysis of the lexicographic definitions of this lexeme in Lithuanian dictionaries (The Dictionary of Lithuanian Language, The Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian, the dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms and Lithuanian etymological sources) provides two views of the concept: synchronic and diachronic. The diachronic view shows the semantic development of the word, the specification of its meaning (the loss of the primary and the acquisition of new meanings). The synchronic view shows the basic meaning of the concept and its profiles in contemporary language. The research revealed that the basic meaning is LIE as a subject’s purposeful distortion of reality with the purpose of deception. The dominating aspects are: a subject’s purposeful activity and an object that a subject wants to deceive. Lexicographic data distinguished several profiles of LIE: (1) LIE as entertainment (when lie is used for joking, visual storytelling and has no negative purpose), (2) LIE as unethical issue (when lying is seen as negative, sinister activity) and (3) LIE as psychologically necessary element of life (when lie is seen as useful, helping to get out of difficult situations). The analysis is concluded with the cognitive definition of lie, providing its linguo-cultural view in Lithuanian.

scholarly journals “There must be Someone’s Name Under Every Bit of Text, Even if it is Unimportant or Incorrect”: Plagiarism as a Learning Strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Bielska ◽  
Mateusz Rutkowski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
International Context ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Source Of Information

AbstractThe article offers analyses of the phenomenon of copying (plagiarism) in higher education. The analyses were based on a quantitative survey using questionnaires, conducted in 2019 at one of the Polish universities. Plagiarism is discussed here both as an element of the learning process and a subject of public practices. The article presents students’ definitions of plagiarism, their strategies for unclear or difficult situations, their experiences with plagiarism and their opinions on how serious and widespread this phenomenon is. Focusing on the non-plagiarism norm, that is the rule that students are not allowed to plagiarize, and in order to redefine it we have determined two strategies adopted by students. The first is withdrawing in fear of making a mistake (omitting the norm), which means not using referencing in unclear situations, e.g. when the data about the source of information are absent. The second is reducing the scope of the norm applicability (limiting the norm), characterized by the fact that there are areas where the non-plagiarism norm must be observed more closely and those where it is not so important, e.g. respondents classify works as credit-level and diploma-level texts, as in the credit-level work they “can” sometimes plagiarize since the detection rate is poor and consequences are not severe. The presented results are particularly significant for interpreting plagiarism in an international context (no uniform definition of plagiarism) and for policies aimed at limiting the scale of the phenomenon (plagiarism detection systems1).

Misconceptions of Metrology and Calibration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Herrmann ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

In today’s world of manufacturing, R&D, and testing across diverse industries, the definition of Metrology and calibration has taken on new meanings, whether it is right or wrong. With the evolving requirements for defining traceability, which is impacted through ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 as well as the NIST’s definition of Metrological Traceability, we must step back and truly understand what the differences are between these 2 terms. In this paper, we will evaluate the definitions of Metrology and calibration. We will also look at the importance of each and how one affects the other. While both terms are important, as liaisons within the Science of Measurement, we need to be able to articulate the differences between both terms to assist in bringing the representatives working in various industries to a clear understanding of how calibration is an action within the world of Metrology.

The Crystal Ball: Predicting Outcomes And Drawing Conclusions

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey S. Wiener
Keyword(s):  
High Order ◽  
Inferential Reasoning ◽  
Crystal Ball ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Definition Of

Mature readers always reach beyond the text they are reading. They know unconsciously how to interact with print, regularly uncovering new meanings and making inferential leaps that connect with other thoughts, id s, or experiences. As you saw in the last chapter's discussion of inference, a piece of writing almost always means more than it says, and the awake reader constantly fleshes out suggestions, nuances, and implications to enrich the reading experience. In this and the next chapter, I want to talk with you about some high-order inference skills: predicting outcomes, drawing conclusions, and generalizing. These three skills work together because they involve the reader's ability to follow a trail begun but not completed by the words on the page. The three skills all relate to inferential reasoning in that they require readers to evolve meanings derived from the prose. Remember our definition of inference? When we infer, we uncover information that is unstated—hidden, if you will. The information expands upon the writer's words. Using what the writer tells us, we plug into the complex circuitry of ideas by adducing what's not exactly stated in what we're reading. We dig out meanings, shaping and expanding the writers ideas. Predicting, concluding, and generalizing move us toward wider and deeper meanings in what we read. Let's take them up one at a time. An engaged reader regularly looks ahead to what will happen next—what will be the next event in a chronological sequence, what will be the next point in a logical progression, what will be the next thread in the analytic fabric the writer is weaving. We base our predictions on prior events or issues in the narrative or analytical sequence. Making correct predictions involves our ability to see causes and effects, stimuli and results, actions and consequences. Your child already knows how to predict outcomes. Right from her earliest days in the crib, she has used important analytical skills instinctively.

Theatrical Irony

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-151
Author(s):  
Eli Rozik
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Romantic Irony ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Partial Overlap

It is my intention to derive the concept of ‘theatrical irony’ from the general theory of theatrical communication.The basic meaning of the term ‘irony’, from the Greek word ‘ειρωνεια’, was ‘dissimulation’. Over the centuries, this term has been extended to additional semantic fields and consequently acquired new meanings as in ‘Socratic irony’, ‘philosophical irony’, ‘romantic irony’, ‘dramatic irony’, ‘tragic irony’, and so on. At the same time, a number of more colloquial expressions were introduced as well, as in ‘ironic smile’, ‘irony of events’, ‘irony of fate’, and so on. I am of the opinion, however, that despite the diversity of such phrases and regardless of their partial overlap, it is still possible to unveil a common semantic core. Furthermore, it is my belief that our understanding of theatrical irony benefits from all these additional usages.

scholarly journals Acting Through Inaction: The Distinction Between Leisure and Reverie in Jacques Rancière’s Conception of Emancipation

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
Alison Ross
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Meaningful Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Purposeful Activity ◽  
Labour Time

The classical distinction between leisure and work is often used to define features of the emancipated life. In Aristotle leisure is defined as time devoted to purposeful activity, and distinguished from the labour time expended merely to produce life’s necessities. In critical theory, this classical distinction has been adapted to provide an image of emancipated life, as purposively driven, fulfilling and meaningful activity. Aspects of this adapted definition undermine the classical leisure/work distinction to the extent that the demand for meaningful work, i.e., a leisure-work conjunction, is now used as a critical perspective on unfulfilling, oppressive labour. Rancière, however, is critical both of this idea of an extended franchise for leisure and of its dependence on craft and artisanal labour as the model of satisfying, skilled work. Instead of Aristotelian leisure, or ‘fulfilling’ work, Rancière identifies in the state of reverie an alternative marker for the emancipated life. The theme is consistent across the scattered archival, historiographical, philosophical, literary and aesthetic contexts his writing treats. But since reverie is defined as disengagement from action, the position raises a number of difficulties. This article examines how Rancière connects reverie to emancipation. It focuses on two questions: the nature of the relation between his definition of reverie and the classical, Aristotelian concept of action; and, whether, given the constitutive non-relation between reverie and action that he outlines, Rancière’s position can address the persistent problem in critical theory of the motivation for the emancipated life. It is argued that his highlighting of the potential communicative significance of modes and scenes of emancipated life is relevant to this problem. The key argument is that rather than developing a ‘theory’, his approach to emancipation focuses on and values communicable experiences of emancipation, and that states of reverie are one such type of valued experience.

scholarly journals A prímszámok könyve

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Visy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Prime Numbers ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Definition Of

The self-definition of Szilárd Borbély’s only novel – limited fiction based on biographical elements – makes biographical and referential readings possible, thus we can interpret the text as the novel of 20th century poverty and traumatised childhood. However, the aspects of interpretation are concerned with the methods of fiction, the existential and metaphysical questions of the book: the child narrator’s tone offers the vision of a childhood rolling in an eternal present. This, together with the amnesia that interweaves the whole text, suggests a hopeless state of being. The feelings of otherness and solitariness, the signs of the absurdity of waiting for a Messiah and the representation of misery expand to an antrophological stance. New meanings can be attributed to the image of desperate human existence by the motif of prime numbers. The novels of Péter Esterházy, Sándor Tar and Tibor Noé Kiss are also discussed in connection with the representation of poverty and teodicea.

scholarly journals Maintaining dual career balance: A scenario perspective on Swedish university student-athletes’ experiences and coping

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Lukas Linnér ◽  
Natalia Stambulova ◽  
Kristina Ziegert
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
University Student ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Difficult Situations

A dual career (DC) scenario perspective was introduced in the Erasmus+ Sports project “Gold in education and elite sport” (GEES) and is characterized by integration of student-athletes’ athletic and non-athletic demands into difficult situations or periods (i.e., scenarios) requiring coping efforts. In this study we consider balance as the primary challenge for student-athletes and set out to identify DC scenarios that influenced university student-athletes’ optimal DC balance, and the factors involved in coping with such scenarios. We implemented a post-positivist qualitative design through semi-structured interviews with six university student-athletes. Our thematic analysis generated seven DC scenarios (e.g., A sport event coincides with exams, and Finalize degree project and continue to train and compete). The scenarios, their characteristics and student-athletes’ corresponding coping are described. Based on the findings, we suggest an updated definition of DC scenarios and present their taxonomy, with four types of DC scenarios in which student-athletes’ circumstances require (a) several shifts between sport and study in daily life, (b) prioritizing sport while maintaining study, (c) prioritizing study while maintaining sport, and (d) prioritizing personal life while maintaining sport and study. We discuss how these developments can be useful for DC research and practice.

scholarly journals Building a Civilization Base on Spiritual Values: Learning from the Struggle of Husain

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Fadhlu Rahman ◽  
Anas Amarulloh ◽  
Fitri Siska Supriatna
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Values ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The West ◽  
Spiritual Civilization ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Space ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method

The modern paradigm gives a strong influence to the modern people especially in the west. The influence is from its coup to the reality of God by some western thinkers and intellectuals. Than it has the impact to the meaning of advance civilization, futher it gives serious problems to the most social structure. The struggle of Sayyidana Husain as the everlasting history of humanity gives another view to the human concept and advance civilization. The oneness values (tauhid) which is contained by al-Husain, look at the spiritual aspects as the measure of the advance civilization. Therfore the definition of advance civilization has a new space, and opens the way of the inherent potentials as the basic of the advance civilization. This writing tries to open the values of Sayyidina Husains struggle in Karbala and mixs it contextually with the concept of Coomaranswammys spiritual civilization as the basic meaning of civilization by using the historical and analysis descriptive method. Hence the paradigm of advance civilization has an alternative of the new paradigm, and the spirituality can be a measure of advance civilization.

scholarly journals Interpretation of the Category of Stress Resistance in Psychology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Oleksandra O. Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Systemic Property ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Emotional Balance ◽  
Difficult Situations

The relevance of the study is determined by the ambiguity of the interpretation of the concept of “stress resistance”, as a result of which there are difficulties in providing assistance to persons suffering from extremely difficult situations. The purpose of the study is to provide the author's interpretation of the category “personality stress”, which summarises the various definitions. To achieve this goal, the author relies on a methodology of a systematic approach that provides clarity in the understanding of the studied category, order and the ability to summarise research information that existed in the form of disparate elements of the disclosure of something more holistic. The author's definition of stress resistance as a complex integrative systemic property of personality, where the components of its structure (psychophysiological, emotional, cognitive, volitional) are in a certain ratio and form a holistic structure – a stable internal organisation that determines the quality and development of the system. It has been found that different definitions of the term are used in relation to the conditions of stress and areas of mental personality. It is confirmed that vitality is used to denote the adaptive properties of a person who overcomes extremely difficult living conditions. It is substantiated that stress resistance in extreme conditions indicates physiological endurance and depends on the skills of self-regulation to restore homeostasis in life-threatening situations. It is noted that the term “resilience” is better used in difficult communication, which violates the emotional balance of the individual. It is stated that spiritual stability determines the strength of will of a person seeking freedom. The practical value of the research is that the scientific developments on the subject matter have received a clear structural and systemic basis, which makes provision for opportunities to more objectively and holistically approach the solution of problems related to stress

scholarly journals "Work is Love Made Visible": Purpose and Community in Clubhouses

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Yakas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Psychiatric Disability ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Inability To Work ◽  
Mental Health Programs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Purposeful Activity

What does work mean to people socially defined by their inability to work? This article explores "work" in Psychosocial Clubhouses, strengths-based programs for people experiencing psychiatric disability, where members – not clients or patients – work at operating their clubhouse alongside staff. I draw upon three years of experience in a Michigan clubhouse, as a volunteer, social work intern, and ethnographer. I explore the meaning of work – defined as "purposeful activity that builds community," challenging the narrow neoliberal definition of work as "paid employment" – from the perspective of clubhouse members. In the clubhouse, "dis-ability" becomes a misnomer, as members demonstrate remarkable "ability" within the clubhouse's work environment. Interestingly, this work environment demands close, authentic relationships between members and staff, which dismantle conventional hierarchies between professionals and clients in mental health programs. In this work environment, members come to feel needed and valued, countering common feelings associated with psychiatric disability such as dependence and a lack of self-efficacy. Through developing a sense of purpose and community – arguably human needs – many members are able to live self-defined meaningful lives, in spite of their marginalized social position.

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