CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS CONTROLLING AUTOPHAGY: A PERSPECTIVE TO IMPROVE PLANT STRESS RESISTANCE AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Rabadanova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Tyutereva ◽  
V.S. Mackievic ◽  
V.V. Demidchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity

Transcriptional targets of DAF-16 insulin signaling pathway protect C. elegans from extreme hypertonic stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. C467-C474 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Todd Lamitina ◽  
Kevin Strange
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Hypertonic Stress ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Molecular Damage

All cells adapt to hypertonic stress by regulating their volume after shrinkage, by accumulating organic osmolytes, and by activating mechanisms that protect against and repair hypertonicity-induced damage. In mammals and nematodes, inhibition of signaling from the DAF-2/IGF-1 insulin receptor activates the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, resulting in increased life span and resistance to some types of stress. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of insulin signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans also increases hypertonic stress resistance. Genetic inhibition of DAF-2 or its downstream target, the AGE-1 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, confers striking resistance to a normally lethal hypertonic shock in a DAF-16-dependent manner. However, insulin signaling is not inhibited by or required for adaptation to hypertonic conditions. Microarray studies have identified 263 genes that are transcriptionally upregulated by DAF-16 activation. We identified 14 DAF-16-upregulated genes by RNA interference screening that are required for age- 1 hypertonic stress resistance. These genes encode heat shock proteins, proteins of unknown function, and trehalose synthesis enzymes. Trehalose levels were elevated approximately twofold in age- 1 mutants, but this increase was insufficient to prevent rapid hypertonic shrinkage. However, age- 1 animals unable to synthesize trehalose survive poorly under hypertonic conditions. We conclude that increased expression of proteins that protect eukaryotic cells against environmental stress and/or repair stress-induced molecular damage confers hypertonic stress resistance in C. elegans daf- 2/ age- 1 mutants. Elevated levels of solutes such as trehalose may also function in a cytoprotective manner. Our studies provide novel insights into stress resistance in animal cells and a foundation for new studies aimed at defining molecular mechanisms underlying these essential processes.

scholarly journals Activated Expression of PHT Genes Contributes to Osmotic Stress Resistance under Low Phosphorus Levels in Malus

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-445
Author(s):  
Tingting Sun ◽  
Tingting Pei ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Mingjun Li ◽  
Linlin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Malus Prunifolia ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Osmotic Stress Resistance

Osmotic adjustments play a fundamental role in plant responses to water deficit. For apple (Malus domestica) trees growing in the primary production areas of China, drought and low phosphorus (P) levels are the main sources of abiotic stress. Although tolerance to drought and low P are important breeding goals for cultivar improvement, there is little information on natural variation within Malus for these traits or the molecular mechanisms that may mediate tolerance. In this study, it was found that in plants grown under conditions of osmotic and low P stress, electrolyte leakage and photosynthetic parameters were significantly higher, but chlorophyll concentrations were lower compared with nonstressed plants. These physiological indicators revealed that, under low P condition, the order of osmotic stress resistance (high to low) was Malus sieversii (Ms) → Malus prunifolia (Mp) → Malus hupehensis (Mh). Expression of the phosphorus transporter genes PHT1;7, PHT1;12, and PHT2;1 in the roots and PHT1;12 and PHT4;5 in the leaves was positively correlated with plant osmotic resistance. It is proposed that the highly expressed PHT genes might improve P absorption and transport efficiency, resulting in the high osmotic stress resistance under low P level conditions in Malus species.

scholarly journals Combating stress: the interplay between hormone signaling and autophagy in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1723-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yi Liao ◽  
Diane C Bassham
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Energy Sensor ◽  
Sensor Kinases ◽  
Plant Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Autophagy is a conserved recycling process in which cellular components are delivered to and degraded in the vacuole/lysosome for reuse. In plants, it assists in responding to dynamic environmental conditions and maintaining metabolite homeostasis under normal or stress conditions. Under stress, autophagy is activated to remove damaged components and to recycle nutrients for survival, and the energy sensor kinases target of rapamycin (TOR) and SNF-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) are key to this activation. Here, we discuss accumulating evidence that hormone signaling plays critical roles in regulating autophagy and plant stress responses, although the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are often not clear. Several hormones have been shown to regulate TOR activity during stress, in turn controlling autophagy. Hormone signaling can also regulate autophagy gene expression, while, reciprocally, autophagy can regulate hormone synthesis and signaling pathways. We highlight how the interplay between major energy sensors, plant hormones, and autophagy under abiotic and biotic stress conditions can assist in plant stress tolerance.

The potential of new genetic technologies in selecting for stress resistance in pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
C. A. Kerr ◽  
B. M. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Commercial Environment

This paper examines the potential for breeding stress resistance in pigs through an understanding of the physiology of the stress response and its associated genetic basis. Pigs reared in commercial units can encounter numerous concurrent stressors that can have a negative impact on performance and welfare. Stress induces physiological and behavioural responses that are multidimensional, consisting of a complex neuroendocrine and immune signalling milieu. Some stress-related genetic parameters have been identified using conventional genetic approaches applied in experimental models. However, these traits do not capture the complexity of the stress response. As a result, the molecular mechanisms underlying the variation associated with stress resistance in pigs in a commercial environment is poorly understood. Gene expression profiling is a powerful tool that can be applied to systematically elucidate stress response pathways and networks. Consequently, gene expression technologies have been applied to identify some putative stress-regulated genes. Further application of these and more traditional technologies will aid in elucidating stress resistance using gene expression as a measure of phenotypic variation at a molecular level. It is envisaged that in the future, tools for selecting for stress resistance could eventually be applied on-farm to enhance production, health and welfare status.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of plant stress resistance: multi-trait genome-wide association mapping

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 1346-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manus P. M. Thoen ◽  
Nelson H. Davila Olivas ◽  
Karen J. Kloth ◽  
Silvia Coolen ◽  
Ping-Ping Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Gamma Rays Destroy Plant Stress Resistance Genes

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 018-022
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Askari ◽  
◽  
Nahid Askari ◽  
Mirzaei Mahmoud Abadi Vahid ◽  
Mirhabibi Mohsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Plant Stress

scholarly journals Sensing stress responses in potato with whole-plant redox imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matanel Hipsch ◽  
Nardy Lampl ◽  
Einat Zelinger ◽  
Orel Barda ◽  
Daniel Waiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Green Fluorescence Protein ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Whole Plant

Abstract Environmental stresses are among the major factors that limit crop productivity and plant growth. Various nondestructive approaches for monitoring plant stress states have been developed. However, early sensing of the initial biochemical events during stress responses remains a significant challenge. In this work, we established whole-plant redox imaging using potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants expressing a chloroplast-targeted redox-sensitive green fluorescence protein 2 (roGFP2), which reports the glutathione redox potential (EGSH). Ratiometric imaging analysis demonstrated the probe response to redox perturbations induced by H2O2, DTT, or a GSH biosynthesis inhibitor. We mapped alteration in the chloroplast EGSH under several stress conditions including, high-light, cold and drought. An extremely high increase in chloroplast EGSH was observed under the combination of high-light and low temperatures, conditions that specifically induce PSI photoinhibition. Intriguingly, we noted a higher reduced state in newly developed compared to mature leaves under steady-state and stress conditions, suggesting a graded stress sensitivity as part of the plant strategies for coping with stress. The presented observations suggest that whole-plant redox imaging can serve as a powerful tool for the basic understanding of plant stress responses and applied agricultural research, such as toward improving phenotyping capabilities in breeding programs and early detection of stress responses in the field.

scholarly journals Plant Stress Detection Accuracy Using Deep Convolution Neural Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Chege Kirongo ◽  
Kelvin Omieno ◽  
Makau Mutua ◽  
Vitalis Ogemah
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Stress Detection ◽  
Convolution Neural Networks ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Complex Relationships

Plant Stress detection is a vital farming activity for enhanced productivity of crops and food security. Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) focuses on the complex relationships on input and output layers of neural networks for prediction. This task further helps in detecting the behavior of crops in response to biotic and abiotic stressors in reducing food losses. The enhancement of crop productivity for food security depends on accurate stress detection. This paper proposes and investigates the application of deep neural network to the tomato pests and disease stress detection. The images captured over a period of six months are treated as historical dataset to train and detect the plant stresses. The network structure is implemented using Google’s machine learning Tensor-flow platform. A number of activation functions were tested to achieve a better accuracy. The Rectifier linear unit (ReLU) function was tested. The preliminary results show increased accuracy over other activation functions.

scholarly journals Mediation of The Salicylic Acid Pathway by ROS1 in Response to Abiotic Stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Yang ◽  
Chenjing Lang ◽  
Yanju Wu ◽  
Dawei Meng ◽  
Tianbo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Upstream Regulator ◽  
Acid Pathway

Abstract Background: DNA methylation plays an important role in the growth and development of plants in response to various abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule that is synthesized by plants and induces the expression of defense genes. Results: In this paper, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which an upstream regulator (ACD6) in the SA pathway, an ABA pathway-related gene (ACO3), and a stress resistance gene (GSTF14) were induced by various abiotic stresses. The results demonstrated that abiotic stresses, including drought, cold, and salt stresses, induced the demethylation of the repeats in the promoters of ACD6, ACO3, and GSTF14 and transcriptionally activated their expression. Furthermore, our results revealed that ROS1-mediated DNA demethylation plays an important role in the process of transcriptional activation of ACD6 and GSTF14 when Arabidopsis plants were under cold stress.Conclusions: Our results confirmed that ROS1 plays an important role in the process of defense genes in the SA pathway and stress resistance gene GSTF14 in response to abiotic stresses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document