scholarly journals Experimental ecological research on the relationships of pathogenic microorganisms with algae

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskyi ◽  
N. Tkachuk ◽  
O. Hulai ◽  
V. Hulai
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Control Samples

Aim. The ecological relationships between Leptospira interrogans spirochetes and Chlamydomonas proteus algae and the response explicitness of individual serological types of leptospires to the allelopathic effect of algae were to be investigated during the experiment. Methods. C. proteus algae monocultures were cultivated on the Fitzgerald’s medium in the Zehnder and Gorham’s modifi cation. Sterile fi ltrates of their cultures were diluted with the nutrient medium in the ratio of 1 : 10, 1 : 100, 1 : 1,000, 1 : 10,000. Leptospires were cultivated on the Terskih and Korthof’s medium with the addition of 10 % inactivated sheep blood serum. The test samples contained diluted culture fi ltrates of algae and leptospires. The control samples were the environment for algae and leptospires cultivation. Results. In the samples with the 1 : 10 – 1 : 100 dilution of algae fi ltrates, the content of leptospires in the test samples was signifi cantly lower than in the control samples, indicating their moderate and weak inhibition. There were no statistically signifi cant differences between spirochete culture densities in the test and control samples with the dilutions of 1 : 1,000–1 : 10,000 algae fi ltrates. Conclusions. In the experiment, a topical type of ecological interspecies relationships is formed between L. interrogans and green species of C. proteus algae, which is realized through the release of biologically active substances into the habitat by C. proteus. According to the increasing sensitivity to the allelopathic effect of C. proteus, serological types of leptospires formed a row: Tarassovi, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Australis, Sejroe, Canicola, Hebdomadis.

Changes in the Population Density of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Response to the Allelopathic Effect of Thypha Latifolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorskiy ◽  
O. Gulay ◽  
V. Gulay ◽  
N. Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Samples

Aim. To determine the response of the populations of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Leptospira interrogans pathogenic microorganisms to the impact of broadleaf cattail (Thypha latifolia) root diffusates. Methods. Aqueous solutions of T. latifolia root diffusates were sterilized by vacuum fi ltration through the fi lters with 0.2-micron pore diameter. The experimental samples contained cattail secretions, sterile water, and cultures of E. rhusiopathiae or L. interrogans. The same amount of sterile water, as in the experimental samples, was used for the purpose of control, and the same quantity of microbial cultures was added in it. After exposure, the density of cells in the experimental and control samples was determined. Results. Root diffusates of T. latifolia caused an increase in cell density in the populations of E. rhusiopathiae throughout the whole range of the studied dilutions (1:10–1:10000). In the populations of the 6 studied serological variants of L. interrogans spirochetes (pomona, grippotyphosa, copenhageni, kabura, tarassovi, canicola), the action of broadleaf cattail root diffusates caused the decrease in cell density. A stimulatory effect was marked in the experimental samples of the pollonica serological variant of leptospira. Conclusions. The populations of E. rhusiopathiae and L. interrogans pathogenic microorganisms respond to the allelopathic effect of Thypha latifolia by changing the cell density. The obtained results provide the background to assume that broadleaf cattail thickets create favorable conditions for the existence of E. rhusiopathiae pathogen bacteria. The reduced cell density of L. interrogans in the experimental samples compared to the control samples observed under the infl uence of T. latifolia root diffusates suggests that reservoirs with broadleaf cattail thickets are marked by the unfavorable conditions for the existence of pathogenic leptospira (except L. pollonica).

scholarly journals Effects of biologically active substances on interior indicators of pigs in the early postnatal period

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Polozyuk ◽  
Tatyana Ivanovna Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

The authors found out that the application  of dietary supplements "Glimalask Lact" allowed preventing the disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and saving all piglets throughout the experiment.  After application of "Agrocid super oligo", the safety of purebred piglets was 100 %, and for two pedigree piglets it was 96.7%.   In piglets of the 1st and 2nd control groups, disorder of the gastrointestinal tract was noted during the completion of colostral immunity and at weaning from sows.  The safety of purebred piglets was 96.7%, and of the two pedigree piglets  it was 93.4%. The number of γg-globulins in the blood serum of two breed piglings treated with the Glimalask Lact supplement increased by 3.5 and 2.5% compared to the piglets of the experimental group fed with Agrocid super oligo, and of the control group, The number of g-globulins in the blood serum of purebred  piglets it increased by 2.4 and 3.1% compared with analogues of the experimental and control groups.

scholarly journals Biotic Relations Between Pathogenic Leptospires And Green Algae

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Olexandr Hulai ◽  
Vitalii Hulai ◽  
Nataliia Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Intraspecific Structure ◽  
Waterborne Transmission ◽  
And Control

Leptospira interrogans spirochetes belong to a group of pathogens of particularly dangerous infections that cause leptospirosis in many species of wild, farm and domestic animals, as well as humans. Significant economic damage caused by this disease to livestock around the world, numerous cases of death from leptospirosis, and mainly waterborne transmission of the infection determine the topicality of studying all the aspects of the existence of L. interrogans in freshwater ecosystems. The objective of our study was to determine the nature of ecological relationships between L. interrogans and green algae. We used green algae of the Desmodesmus brasiliensis species as a model object. In the experiments, sterile algae culture filtrates were added to L. interrogans containers grown at 27–28 °C. Comparison of the content of spirochete cells in the experiment and control samples, conducted 24 hours after exposure, showed that the reproduction of L. interrogans is markedly inhibited in the samples containing algae secretions at the dilutions of 1:10 and 1:100. In order to reduce resistance to the allelopathic influence of D. brasiliensis algae, leptospira strains were located as follows: Pomona, Australis, Hebdomadis, Canicola, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Tarassovi. The obtained results indicate a complex intraspecific structure of L. interrogans and their high ecological plasticity. In addition, experimental data indicate that, due to the release of biologically active substances into the aquatic environment, green algae have the potential to affect the dynamics of a number of leptospirosis pathogens in situ. Given the important epidemiological and epizootic significance of pathogenic leptospira, further research is necessary to determine the patterns of their interactions and existence in the environment.

scholarly journals The influence of antioxidant postharvest treatment on content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Priss ◽  
V. Yevlash ◽  
V. Zhukova ◽  
I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Substances

The influence of heat treatment with antioxidant compositions on the content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers is investigated. It was found that the use of the proposed treatment inhibits the activity of ascorbate oxidase by 15–18%, which allows to slow down the decomposition of ascorbic acid by 1.5 times. The content of ascorbic acid in the experimental fruit after storage for 28 days is 1.4 times higher than in the control after 21 days of storage. It was found that in the cucumbers 11–14 sm long, the synthesis of polyphenols continued in the period of storage.  The intensity of accumulation of phenolic substances proved to be different in the treated and control groups. It was shown that thermal treatment with antioxidants slowed the growth rate of total polyphenols by 20% relative to control, indicating inhibition of maturation processes. It was revealed that the activity o polyphenol oxidase during the storage of treated fruits was slowing down. It has been established that the application of said treatment substantially inhibits the degradation of chlorophylls. Rapid loss of chlorophyll caused yellowing and loss of consumer properties in the control groups after 2 weeks of storage. In processed cucumbers only 21 days of storage revealed a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll in relation to the moment of laying. At day 28 the amount of chlorophylls in the experimental fruit is at the same level as in the control after a week of storage. It has been found that the use of the proposed treatment slows the degradation of carotenoids. The quantity of carotenoids in experimental cucumbers at the end of storage is 21–23% higher than in the control ones. The compensatory function of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic substances during storage of cucumber fruits is proved.

scholarly journals Mushroom Powder Application of Oyster Mushroom for Activation of Pressed Baking Yeast

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Alexander Maslov ◽  
Zamira Mingaleeva ◽  
Olga Reshetnik
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Active Substances

The article concerns the study of pressed baking yeast activation with mushroom powder obtained by drying oyster mushrooms (grain size – 100 microns; humidity – 5.0–6.0 %). A man carried out the work according to the methods used in baking to determine the yeast fermentation activity. To optimize yeast activation parameters the researchers used a second order Box–Hunter rotatable plan for two factors. The optimal ratio of yeast and oyster mushroom powder in the nutrient medium for yeast activation is 1:2.45; the activation time is 31 minutes. The compressed yeast activation in a nutrient medium containing oyster mushroom powder contributes to an increase in the zymase and maltase activity of yeast, which increase on average by 52.1 and 62.7 %, respectively, compared to the control. The results obtained indicate that the oyster mushroom powder use is promising for compressed yeast pre-activation. The use of this additive in bakeries will potentially reduce the fermentation time of test semi-finished products by increasing the fermentation activity of yeast. In addition, it is possible to improve the quality characteristics of finished products due to the enrichment of biologically active substances contained in oyster mushrooms. Further research should determine the effect of yeast activation using oyster mushroom powder on the physical, chemical and organoleptic quality indicators of finished bakery products.

scholarly journals The Effects of Using Sulfur and Organic Bedding on the Content of Macro-and Micronutrients and Biologically Active Substances in Winter Garlic Bulbs

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Andrzej Sałata ◽  
Halina Buczkowska ◽  
Rafał Papliński ◽  
Anna Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Fodder Radish

Sulfur (S) directly influences the proper development, yield, and biological value of Allium sativum. The sulfuric forms of S are easily leached from the soil due to poor sorption. In this context, we looked at to what extent application of S and biomass of catch crops (CCs) left until spring would cause an increase in the yield; we also looked at the macro- and micronutrient content of garlic plants. The experimental factors included applications of 0 and 20 kg ha−1 S to CCs consisting of Trifolium alexandrinum, Raphamus sativus var. oleiformis, Fagopyrum esculentum, Sinapis alba, and control. The bulbs contained more dry matter and macro- and micronutrients (N, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe) than those without S. Garlic plants cultivated with S accumulated more glutathione and total phenolic acids (TPA), and the extracts showed greater antioxidant activity (AA) than those cultivated without S. In 2019 and 2020, the cultivation of winter garlic with S, in combination with clover contributed to an increase in the content of dry matter, S, TPA, AA in bulbs. In the cultivation with fodder radish garlic plants accumulated more nitrogen (N), S, TPA, AA and glutathione in bulbs. In those cultivated with buckwheat, garlic contained more TPA, AA, glutathione, and with mustard more TPA and AA. However, further research is needed to select the species of CC and to determine the S dose to be applied in the effective biofortification of garlic in a sustainable agriculture system.

scholarly journals Assessment of microorganism activity as bio-preservatives for perishable food

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Margarita Shevchenko ◽  
Maria Zimina ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Yegor Gromov ◽  
Elena Zubareva
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Botanical Variety ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
And Control ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Microbiological Indicators ◽  
Control Samples

Analysis of the results of studying dynamics of microbiological indicators of perishable food (fresh tomatoes), shows that the control samples (fresh tomatoes without processing a preservative) on the 15th day of storage at 4±2 °C exceeds the QMA&OAMO index, on the 5th day yeast already detected. The activity of yeasts and molds on the surface of tomatoes treated with Nisin is reduced compared with the control. It was found that the new isolated microorganisms synthesizing bacteriocins exhibit the highest bioconservation efficiency compared to nisin and control. It was shown that QMA&OAMO does not exceed the maximum permissible value even at 35 days of storage, yeast and molds, E. coli group bacteria in 1.0 g and pathogenic microorganisms, including L. monocytogenes and Salmonella bacteria in 10.0 g were not detected in fresh tomatoes. As a result of the study of organoleptic quality indicators of perishable foods (fresh tomatoes), treated with selected strains of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Pseudomonas putida and Psychrobacter immobilis), stored for 35 days at 4±2 °C revealed that fresh tomatoes on the 35th day keep fresh, the fruit is clean, excessive moisture of fruits is not observed. Also fresh tomatoes were characterized by an edible degree of maturity. The taste and smell of the tomatoes were consistent with the botanical variety, while no extraneous taste and smell were observed.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF COMPREHENSIVE IMPACT OF DRUGS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GENOTOXICANTS (ON EXAMPLE OF CEFTRIAXONE AND PB (II)) ON THE ORGANISM AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR ANTIMUTAGENIC CORRECTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-451
Author(s):  
L. V. Chopikashvili ◽  
E. G. Pukhaeva ◽  
F. K. Rurua ◽  
Zh. G. Farnieva ◽  
S. V. Skupnevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Active Substances

On fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster there was studied the possibility of antimutagenic correction of factors simulating exogenous xenobiotics, potentially dangerous for humans: lead compounds (II) and the drug ceftriaxonum, and their combinations. Research on the criterion of accounting the dominant lethal mutations (according to P.Ya. Shvarzman) showed (Pb (II) 10-5 M, ceftriaxonum 0,008 g per 100 g the nutrient medium) in studied doses to give rise correspondingly the gain in the frequency of occurring mutations de novo in generative cells by 3.8 and 5.9 times (relatively to the spontaneous level). Co-administration of these substances (at same doses) fails to cause synergistic effects: the frequency of lethal dominants in the experimental group relatively to the level of intact male fruit flies increases by 7.4 times. The aqueous extract of grass Amaranthus retroflexus L. (at a dosage of 0.43 ml per 100 g of the nutrient medium) had pronounced antimutagenic effect. The portion of mutations induced by lead ions was diminished by 54.4%, in the case of ceftriaxonum - by 37.4%, indicating to a specific antioxidant jugulating of free radical mutagenesis. Against the background of the combined effects of both the extent of damaging factors the antimutagenic activity of the complex of biologically active substances from Amaranthus retroflexus L. appeared to be the greatest - 70.7%. Various variants of the experiment simulating the conditions of the prevention or treatment (Amaranthus r. infusion before or after administration of the complex mutagens, respectively) showed a pronounced effect in both cases. In the case of preventive protection of the genome the degree of jugulating of adverse manifested symptoms was 70.7%, and in the case of possible treatment options - 68.8%. In this aspect, it is appropriate the further investigation of biologically active substances from Amaranthus r. L. with the aim to isolate of the spectrum of the most active compounds against exogenous xenobiotics and their introduction in the pharmacological practice.

scholarly journals ГОРМОНАЛЬНИЙ ПРОФІЛЬ ТА НЕСПЕЦИФІЧНА РЕЗИСТЕНТНІСТЬ КНУРІВ ЗА УМОВ ПЕРЕДЗАБІЙНОГО СТРЕСУ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
S.S. Grabovskyi ◽  
O.S. Grabovska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Substances

<p>The article is devoted to determination of hormonal profile and nonspecific resistance in boars blood before slaughter after using of biologically active substances — animal origin antistressors andimmunostimulators.</p><p><strong>The purpose</strong><strong> </strong><strong>of research</strong> — determination of changes of insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol content in boars blood before slaughter and their correction of natural origin biologically active substances of spleen extract.</p><p><strong>Object and research methods</strong>. The spleen extract has been additionally entered to the boars feed at 5 days before slaughter as an antistressors and immunostimulators in pre-slaughter period. The experiment was conducted on 15 boars with standard diet. Three groups of boars six months of age (5 boars each) were formed for research. The pig’s spleen extract was obtained with ultrasound application (Iresearch group) were using as a biologically active substances to the feed boars in pre-slaughter period. The extracts were applied to dry feed by aerosol method (70 % alcohol solution of spleen extract volume of 1.4 ml per kg body weight). The boars of II research group in the same way received to the feed of 70 % ethanol solution in the same volume. The boars of control group received only dry feed economy. Theboars slaughter was held on day 13 hours a.m. Mathematical treatment of the research results worked statistically using the software package Statistica 6.0.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong>. The ACTH and cortisol level in the boars’ blood plasma of experimental and control groups significantly increased after transportation (before the slaughter) compared with the indexes before transportation to meat plant. The ACTH concentration in the boars’ blood plasma of І experimental group, which was added to the basic diet spleen extract, was 10 % lower than in the control group boars compared with indicators before and after transportation. The insulin concentration of І experimental and control groups boars was higher after transportation with comparing beforetransportation to meat plant.</p><p>All nonspecific body resistance parameters significantly increased in boars blood, which in addition to food received spleen extract, compared with the control group animals after transportation before slaughter: phagocytic activity increased at 12 %, phagocytic index — 13 % and phagocytic number — 14 %.</p><p>On the boars’ feeding final stage is necessary to consider a pre-slaughter stress and to apply of natural origin biologically active substances. The results can be used on other farm animals for resistance increasing, correction and avoid their pre-slaughter stress and improve the product quality.</p>

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