scholarly journals FOREST RESOURCES: FOREST INVENTORY INDICATORS OF THEIR ACCOUNTING AND USE IN THE SYSTEM OF ECONOMY OF FORESTRY MANAGEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (04) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Andrii BOBKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The article deals with a brief outline of development of forestry in Ukraine and its reforming in recent years. In particular, its formation in the Kiev province has been considered since the beginning of forestry as an industry of plant growing. The same applies to the twentieth century, with emphasis on changing the economic efficiency of forestry during its second half. The basic forest inventory terms “forest”, “forest fund”, “forest management”, their definition and compliance with European forestry standards are analyzed. They were compared by description in the countries of the former USSR and in the ECE/FAO legislation. It is proved that the most complete and understandable for definition of content of land use is the term “forest” as it is described by the ECE/FAO: “forest is a land”. More precisely – forest land. This description includes all the most typical components of FES (Forest Eco System), although it does not use this term. Without the introduction of the term “component”, the concept of “forest” as an object of accounting and observation remains ambiguous, little defined, allegedly at the time of the emergence of forestry as an industry of crop production and the lack of properly educated specialists. For discussion and adoption, it is proposed to use the description of the term “forest” = “forest land” in relation to its content of the first level according to SSCLU (Standard Statistic Classification of Laud Use) of the ECE/FAO UN as the most correct. The author proposes to refine it somewhat in terms of quantitative indicators of the domestic practice of forestry and forest management, and determine its by the formula proposed. It should be especially noted that assessment of dynamics of forest inventory indicators of status of the “forest land” category should find objective and targeted application when developing the forestry projects and forming the sustainable FES, taking into account the norms of environmental protection.

scholarly journals Geometric and Topological Bases of a New Classification of Wood Vascular Tissues Part 1: Shape and Arrangement Classifications of Vessels

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7545
Author(s):  
Nikolai Bardarov ◽  
Vladislav Todorov ◽  
Nicole Christoff
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Wood Science ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The need to identify wood by its anatomical features requires a detailed analysis of all the elements that make it up. This is a significant problem of structural wood science, the most general and complete solution of which is yet to be sought. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of computer vision methods to automate processes such as the detection, identification, and classification of different tissues and different tree species. The more successful use of these methods in wood anatomy requires a more precise and comprehensive definition of the anatomical elements, according to their geometric and topological characteristics. In this article, we conduct a detailed analysis of the limits of variation of the location and grouping of vessels in the observed microscopic samples. The present development offers criteria and quantitative indicators for defining the terms shape, location, and group of wood tissues. It is proposed to differentiate the quantitative indicators of the vessels depending on their geometric and topological characteristics. Thus, with the help of computer vision technics, it will be possible to establish topological characteristics of wood vessels, the extraction of which would be used to develop an algorithm for the automatic classification of tree species.

Evaluation of recreational resources and recreational potential of forests at the ecosystem forest management method

10.12737/2178 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Сериков ◽  
Mikhail Serikov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Environmental Classification ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Recreation Resources ◽  
Recreational Resources ◽  
Recreational Use

This article provides an analysis of the factors shaping the concept of forest recreation resources and recreational potential of forests, their place in the environmental classification of natural resources; ecosystem properties are distinguished, creating prerequisites for managing recreational use of forests in order to ensure its ecological compatibility. The article provides a brief historical overview of the formation of the concept of recreation resources, including forestry and changes in their interpretation. The article presents the definition of ordered recreational resource, its basic concepts and quantities, and recreational potential of forests.

scholarly journals Increasing biomass carbon stocks in trees outside forests in China over the last three decades

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4115-4122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. D. Guo ◽  
H. F. Hu ◽  
Y. D. Pan ◽  
R. A. Birdsey ◽  
J. Y. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Trees Outside Forests ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. Trees outside forests (TOF) play important roles in national economies, ecosystem services, and international efforts for mitigating climate warming. Detailed assessment of the dynamics of carbon (C) stocks in China's TOF is necessary for fully evaluating the role of the country's trees in the national C cycle. This study is the first to explore the changes in biomass C stocks of China's TOF over the last three decades, using the national forest inventory data in six periods from 1977 to 2008. According to the definition of the forest inventory, China's TOF could be categorized into three groups: woodlands, shrubberies, and trees on non-forest land (including four-side greening trees, defined in the article, and scattered trees). We estimated biomass C stocks of woodlands and trees on non-forest land by using the provincial biomass-volume conversion equations derived from the data of low-canopy forests, and estimated the biomass C stocks of shrubberies using the provincial mean biomass density. Total TOF biomass C stock increased by 62.7% from 823 Tg C (1 Tg = 1012 g) in the initial period of 1977–1981 to 1339 Tg C in the last period of 2004–2008. As a result, China's TOF have accumulated biomass C of 516 Tg during the study period, with 12, 270, and 234 Tg in woodlands, shrubberies, and trees on non-forest land, respectively. The annual biomass C sink of China's TOF averaged 19.1 Tg C yr−1, offsetting 2.1% of the contemporary fossil-fuel CO2 emissions in the country. These estimates are equal to 16.5–20.7% of the contemporary total forest biomass C stock and 27.2% of the total forest biomass C sink in the country, suggesting that TOF are substantial components in China's tree C budget.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

ABOUT THE PROBLEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF INFORMATICS STUDIED AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
S. I. Zenko
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of

The article raises the problem of classification of the concepts of computer science and informatics studied at secondary school. The efficiency of creation of techniques of training of pupils in these concepts depends on its solution. The author proposes to consider classifications of the concepts of school informatics from four positions: on the cross-subject basis, the content lines of the educational subject "Informatics", the logical and structural interrelations and interactions of the studied concepts, the etymology of foreign-language and translated words in the definition of the concepts of informatics. As a result of the first classification general and special concepts are allocated; the second classification — inter-content and intra-content concepts; the third classification — stable (steady), expanding, key and auxiliary concepts; the fourth classification — concepts-nouns, conceptsverbs, concepts-adjectives and concepts — combinations of parts of speech.

Determining the discount rate when evaluating trade organizations: Some features

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva ◽  
A.S. Buzhikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the market value of the trading business, taking into account a number of characteristics. Objectives. The article aims to develop certain provisions of the methodology and practice of evaluating the business of trading organizations, namely, taking into account the additional risk of inventory feasibility when calculating the discount rate. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, and the cognition, and economic and analytical research methods. Results. The article presents a three-tiered classification of stocks and a definition of risk based on the criteria for dividing stocks by purpose, degree of implementation, and shelf life in accordance with the scale. Based on the classification, the article offers certain recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating trading organizations, aimed at taking into account additional risk. Conclusions. Various evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods in relation to trading organizations do not take into account risk specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for trade organizations takes into account the features of their functioning.

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PHEROMONES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Nondira Khondhodjayeva ◽  
◽  
Nurmamat Rajabov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Definition Of

This article reveals the essence of the concept of "pheromones" and their biological significance. In the article variants of their application in agriculture for struggle against insects-pests are presented. The definition of term and classification of pheromones and their types are given: feromons of insects, feromons of fish, feromons of vertebrates, feromons of humans, fermons of plants, sexual feromons, anxiety feromons, trace feromons, epidemic feromons and their functions and significance for the representative's organism and the environment as a whole

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

Wie nachhaltig ist die Schweizer Forstpolitik? Das Nachhaltigkeits-Assessment der Schweizer Forstpolitik: Vorgehen und wichtigste Resultate | How Sustainable Is Swiss Forest Policy? The Sustainability Assessment of Swiss Forest Policy: Approach and Main Results

2000 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Kissling-Näf
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
International Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Experts

A group of international experts evaluated whether the aims and instruments of Swiss forest policy are suitable for the promotion of sustainable forest management based on the pan-European criteria. Approach and main results are presented as well as the method developed for the definition of sustainability indicators as an instrument for the evaluation of sectoral policies and the possibility of a transfer of methods and indicators on an international level.

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