scholarly journals Cholesterol sorption on carbon sorption materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
N. V. Sych ◽  
◽  
L. I. Kotyns'ka ◽  
M. M. Tsyba ◽  
V. M. Vikarchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Pre Treatment

As an alternative to means for lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the paper considers the possibility of using carbon adsorbents. From a medical point of view, the removal of cholesterol with enterosorbents is extremely effective. By binding cholesterol, sorbents reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The paper searches for new raw material sources and attempts to create enterosorbents with a high capability to adsorb cholesterol. The aim of the work was to develop adsorbents from spent coffee residue with a large proportion of mesopores, to determine the parameters of the porous structure and to study their adsorption capacity against cholesterol. Samples of activated carbon with a large proportion of mesopores (399 and 465 m2/g) were obtained by the traditional method of carbonization-activation of spent coffee grounds and pre-treated hexane to remove fatty acids. The sorption of cholesterol from alcohol solutions has been studied by spectrophotometric method and its effectiveness for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis was proved. It has been shown that a sample of activated carbon from spent coffee residue pre-treated with hexane (maximum value reaches 7.5 mg/g) has the best sorption capacity. The intermediate position is occupied by the sample obtained without pre-treatment with solvent (maximum value reaches 6.3 mg/g). Natural Brand carbon has the weakest sorption characteristics (maximum capacity reaches 5.3 mg/g). It can be stated that the adsorption of cholesterol increases with the growth of the specific surface area of mesopores. The parameters of adsorption processes were calculated using the obtained sorption isotherms. Adsorption isotherms were calculated using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. It is shown that the values of the maximum adsorption calculated by the Langmuir equation have a good agreement with the experimental data.

Calculation of the Glaze Recipe for Porcelain Feldspar Products Based on their Molecular Formula Rationalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ion Teoreanu ◽  
Roxana Lucia Dumitrache ◽  
Stefania Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Material Sources

Any change of the raw material sources for glazes, economically, ecologically motivated, and also from the glaze quality point of view, is conditioned by the molecular formula rationalization and by the variation limits of the molecular formula, respectively. The proper glaze compositions are placed within their limit variation intervals with optimized processing and utilization properties. For this purpose, the rationalization criteria and procedures of molecular formulas are summarized in the present paper, as well as the results referring to their rationalization obtained in the authors� previous work. Thus, one starts from a base of raw materials that are selected, usable and also accessible for the design and producing of the glazes. On these bases the groundwork and the design equation for the glaze recipes are developed, exemplified for a single glaze. For an easy access to results, computer programs are used for an easy access to results.

Lipoproteins during oral and cutaneous administration of oestradiol-17β to menopausal women

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Fåhraeus ◽  
Ulf Larsson-Cohn ◽  
Lars Wallentin
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oestradiol Treatment ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Cutaneous Administration

Abstract. Thirty-eight post-menopausal women were randomly allocated to substitution treatment with either oestradiol-17β orally (2–4 mg) or cutaneously (3 mg). The concentrations of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids were determined in the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-, the low density lipoprotein (LDL)- and the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)- fractions twice before medication and after 2, 4 and 6 months of treatment. Both treatments gave satisfactory clinical results. Oral doses increased the HDL and decreased the LDL thus raising the HDL-C/LDL-C ratio. The higher oral dose also increased the TG concentration. Cutaneous oestradiol gave only minimal changes of the lipoproteins. The lipoprotein changes observed during treatment with oral oestradiol might reduce the risk for atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, from a lipoprotein point of view, oral oestradiol treatment probably could be considered beneficial. The cutaneous oestradiol treatment had comparable clinical effects without any influence on the lipoprotein pattern.

scholarly journals Is Recycling Always the Best Option? Environmental Assessment of Recycling of Seashell as Aggregates in Noise Barriers

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Begoña Peceño ◽  
Carlos Leiva ◽  
Bernabé Alonso-Fariñas ◽  
Alejandro Gallego-Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Waste recycling is an essential part of waste management. The concrete industry allows the use of large quantities of waste as a substitute for a conventional raw material without sacrificing the technical properties of the product. From a circular economy point of view, this is an excellent opportunity for waste recycling. Nevertheless, in some cases, the recycling process can be undesirable because it does not involve a net saving in resource consumption or other environmental impacts when compared to the conventional production process. In this study, the environmental performance of conventional absorption porous barriers, composed of 86 wt % of natural aggregates and 14 wt % cement, was compared with barriers composed of 80 wt % seashell waste and 20 wt % cement through an attributional cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment. The results show that, for the 11 environmental impact categories considered, the substitution of the natural aggregates with seashell waste involves higher environmental impacts, between 32% and 267%. These results are justified by the high contribution to these impacts of the seashell waste pre-treatment and the higher cement consumption. Therefore, the recycling of seashells in noise barrier manufacturing is not justified from an environmental standpoint with the current conditions. In this sense, it could be concluded that life cycle assessments should be carried out simultaneously with the technical development of the recycling process to ensure a sustainable solution.

scholarly journals Long-term maintenance of high rates of very-low-density-lipoprotein secretion in hepatocyte cultures. A model for studying the direct effects of insulin and insulin deficiency in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Duerden ◽  
S M Bartlett ◽  
G F Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Secretory Process ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Vldl Secretion ◽  
Pre Treatment

High rates of hepatic cellular triacylglycerol synthesis and very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol output were maintained in vitro for at least 3 days when hepatocytes were cultured in a medium lacking insulin but supplemented with 1 microM-dexamethasone, 10 mM-lactate, 1 mM-pyruvate and 0.75 mM-oleate (supplemented medium). Under these conditions VLDL output remained constant, whereas cell triacyglycerol content increased 10-fold over 3 days, suggesting that the secretory process was saturated. Insulin, present during the first 24 h period, enhanced the storage of cellular triacylglycerol by inhibiting the secretion of VLDL. This stored triacyglycerol was subsequently released into the medium as VLDL if insulin was removed. With the supplemented medium the increased rate of VLDL secretion after insulin removal exceeded that observed under ‘saturating’ conditions, suggesting that pre-treatment with insulin enhanced the capacity for VLDL secretion. In contrast with the short-term (24 h) effects of insulin, longer-term exposure (greater than 48 h) to insulin enhanced the secretion of VLDL compared with insulin-untreated cultures. Under these conditions, insulin increased the net rates of triacylglycerol synthesis. The results suggest that insulin affects the secretion of VLDL triacylglycerol by two distinct and opposing mechanisms: first, by direct inhibition of secretion; second by increasing triacylglycerol synthesis, which stimulates secretion. The net effect at any time depends upon the relative importance of each of these processes.

scholarly journals ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CARBON ENTEROSORBENTS TO NORMALIZE CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
N. V. Sych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Industrial Carbon

The creation of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is one of the urgent interdisciplinary tasks for modern chemistry and pharmacology. Given the role of hypercholesterolemia in the development of this disease, it is necessary to remove excess amounts of cholesterol from the body. As an alternative to means of lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the possibility of using carbon enterosorbents for efferent therapy is considered. Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sorption capacity of the adsorbents developed by authors in terms of the possibility of cholesterol adsorption. Methods. Using the spectrophotometric method, the sorption of cholesterol on samples of adsorbents obtained by chemical activation of waste from the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials — dogwood and coffee residue has been studied. Results. A comparison of sorption isotherms with the isotherm obtained on the industrial adsorbent SORBEX has been performed. It was shown that the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents is primarily determined by their porous structure. The highest sorption values (7,3 mg/g) have been revealed by the sorption material obtained by chemical activation of cornel seed, an intermediate position (6,3 mg/g) is occupied by the adsorbent obtained from the coffee residue. Industrial carbon SORBEX has the lowest sorption values (5,3 mg/g). Conclusions. Calculations by Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s models testify about the accordance of the experimental data to Langmuir’s model. The use of the obtained activated carbons may be one of the effective alternative ways to lower blood cholesterol.

The association between statin pre-treatment and LDL Levels on the rate of STEMI presentation: data from the ACS Israeli Survey (ACSIS) 2008–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Dadon ◽  
M Moriel ◽  
T.Y Samuel ◽  
Y Steinmetz ◽  
E Asher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Coronary Artery Plaque ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Time Of Presentation

Abstract Background ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mostly occurs as a result of vulnerable coronary artery plaque rupture. Constituting hypolipidemic and pleiotropic effects, statins stabilize coronary artery plaque and may prevent STEMI events. Purpose To determine the association between statin pre-treatment and its intensity, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and presentation of patients with an ACS (STEMI vs. NSTEMI/unstable angina [UAP]). Methods Data was drawn from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS), a biennial prospective survey of ACS patients hospitalized in all CCU/Cardiology departments during 2008–2018. The rate of STEMI vs NSTEMI/UAP at the time of presentation was calculated by LDL-C levels on admission, stratified to 5 subgroups (<50, 50–69, 70–100, 101–130 and >130 mg/dl) and the use of statins, including statin intensity prior to the index ACS event. Results Among 5,103 patients, 875 (17%) were pre-treated with high intensity statin (HIST), 1,389 (27%) with low intensity statin (LIST), and 2,839 (56%) were statin naive patients. Statin-pre-treated patients were older, more likely to suffer from co-morbidities and cardiovascular diseases and were more often pre-treated with anti-platelets. The proportion of patients presenting with STEMI vs. NSTEMI/UAP was significantly lower among HIST vs. LIST vs. statin naive patients (31.0%, 37.8%, 54.0%, respectively, p for trend <0.001). At each LDL-C level, the proportion of STEMI was significantly lower among HIST vs. LIST vs. statin naive patients. Multivariate analysis adjusting for pertinent variables including propensity score for statin use, revealed that HIST was independently associated with lower STEMI presentation, but LDL-C<70 and LIST were not. Conclusions Among patients admitted with ACS, pre-treatment with high intensity statin but not LDL-C level, was independently associated with a lower probability of presenting with STEMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of zingiberene on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in experimental animals

2020 ◽  
pp. 096032712097513
Author(s):  
Jianwei Li ◽  
Radhiga Thangaiyan ◽  
Kanimozhi Govindasamy ◽  
Jianxia Wei
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study aimed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect of zingiberene (ZBN) on isoproterenol-(ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats. ZBN (10 mg/kg b.wt.) was orally administered to rats for 21 days and ISO (85 mg/kg b.wt.) was subcutaneously injected into the rats at 24 h intervals for the last 2 consecutive days. We observed increased serum creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin T, and I levels in ISO-treated MI rats. Conversely, ZBN oral administration significantly prevented in cardiac marker enzyme activities in ISO-mediated rats. We also noticed that ZBN oral administration prevented ISO-induced expression of lipid peroxidative markers, total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to the normal basal level. Furthermore, ZBN restored ISO-mediated antioxidant status, increased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and tissue phospholipids to the near-normal levels. Besides, ZBN pre-treatment significantly reduced the level of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL-1β) in ISO-induced MI in rats. We noticed that ZBN pretreatment inhibited the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cytochrome c and increased the Bcl-2 expression in ISO induced rats. The gene expression profiling by qRT-PCR array illustrates that ZBN treatment prevents the ISO mediated activation of cardiac markers, inflammatory, and fibrosis-related genes in the heart tissue. Taken together, pre-treatment with ZBN attenuated ISO-induced MI resolved exhibits the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effect.

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