Imperialism in the Marxian conception of globalisation

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
Andrii Maliuk
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The One ◽  
Means Of Production

The paper aims to reconstruct the Marxian vision of the place and role of capitalism in shaping worldwide, global relationships and interconnections, as well as in setting the historical limits of globality. It is shown that both globality as a product of capitalism itself and the worldwide expansion of capital are imperialist by nature. With regard to Marx’s viewpoint on how the law of value works on an international scale, non-equivalent exchange as a basis for imperialist domination can be attributed to the fact that the value created in peripheral countries of the global capitalist system is handed over to its industrially developed core — without receiving any value in return. This usually takes place in three ways. The first one involves direct exploitation of indigenous labour force by the capital of the core. The second one is related to the mechanism of the world market where backward countries sell the produced commodities at a price below their value to advanced countries which, in turn, sell their commodities at a price above their value (with respect to the average price for a particular commodity worldwide). The third way is a combination of both the above. Another aspect worth mentioning is that capitalism eliminates economic fragmentation of both the means of production and ownership, which prevailed at earlier stages of the evolution of private property. Furthermore, capitalism incorporates local, regional and national markets into a single global one, as well as concentrates productive forces of the entire humankind through global value chains and production networks. This entails socialisation of labour (which Marx referred to as ‘Vergesellschaftung der Arbeit’) on an unprecedented scale. This also enables the transition to social (in Marx’s terms, ‘gesellschaftliche’) production, which serves to overcome alienation and eradicate poverty. In Marx’s opinion, capitalism is historically justified because it creates the material basis for a new society. On the one hand, capitalism fosters new types of relations, which are global in character and based on interdependence among people; besides, it generates means for these relations. On the other hand, capitalism facilitates development of human productive forces and makes it possible, by means of science, to transform production of material goods into control of nature. Therefore, history turns into a truly global history, and this is a prerequisite for its transformation from prehistory into a real history. This process coincides with the transition to a communist economic system.

HISTORICAL STAGES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNAL CONTROL

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
AnnА KOZACHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Formation ◽  
Means Of Production

The article highlights the views of scientists on the allocation of periods (stages) in the history of internal control, which differ in the following features: the emergence and development of socio – economic relations that existed at different times; diversification of objects and subjects of control; complicating the tasks of control over the different levels of development of productive forces and equipment of each society; specific methodological techniques. Thus, the first manifestations of control are observed during the period of primitive communal system. The period of slavery is considered the stage of the emergence of internal control. Characteristic of this period was physical coercion to work. In the period of the feudal system, the peculiarities of the development of socio-economic formation of European states are the distinction between external and internal audit, and accounting registers to reflect the facts of economic life, which served for entries in the accounts of the General Ledger. In addition, control activities were manifested in the movement of credit and settlement transactions between buyers, in settlements between buyers and banks, in production processes and private ownership of the means of production. The capitalist system of production did not require many special control bodies, and its functions were carried out directly by the owners of the means of production. The basis of capitalism was the private property of the bourgeoisie on the means of production, but not on the worker, who at that time received more freedom. It was during the communist formation that thorough work was carried out on the methodological support of internal economic control, but its active development began after the declaration of independence of Ukraine, by borrowing the foundations in foreign countries. Thus, the periodization presented in the article helps to trace the historical aspect of the development and formation of internal control as a control system as a whole, in a certain period of time in which.

Industrial Hubs and the Industrial Labour Force in Africa and Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-400
Author(s):  
Carlos Oya ◽  
Florian Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sectoral Composition ◽  
Opening Up

Industrial hubs can take a number of institutional forms and vary greatly in size, sectoral composition, and degree of internal coordination. What all such hubs have in common, though, is that they concentrate industrial workers in great numbers and therefore play a key role in opening up new possibilities for organizing and negotiating industrial relations. In this chapter we examine the role of industrial hubs for light manufacturing in creating and maintaining an industrial labour force in Africa and Asia. We critically review theories for understanding industrial hubs as spaces of both job creation and labour control, and show how outcomes are in part determined by incorporation into global production networks. Drawing on a wide range of empirical evidence, we provide an overview of wages and working conditions in industrial hubs in Africa and Asia, and examine the causes and consequences of gendered labour dynamics in these spaces.

Ethics, Market, and the Federal Order. The Political Philosophy of Wilhelm Röpke

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Lottieri
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Classical Liberalism ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Institutional Competition ◽  
Cultural Conservatism ◽  
Liberal Humanism ◽  
Voluntary Cooperation

AbstractThe moral and political philosophy of Wilhelm Röpke is among the finest instances of European classical liberalism in the twentieth century, and in many occasions he stated that only a society which understands the importance of markets can be reconciled with human dignity. Röpke elaborated a political theory that focused on the harmony between moral principles and economic law. In this sense, his liberalism is unique not only because it defends private property and competition as pillars of a thriving economy, but above all that it provides the preconditions of a society that can remain secure from the immorality of despotism and subsequent ethical degeneration. To that end he upheld an economic order based on voluntary cooperation as the basis for a more humane society, emphasizing the role of institutional competition and federalism. Röpke’s cultural conservatism should not therefore be misunderstood, as it is very much connected with his defense of the essential role of property. It is only in this sense that he found in liberal humanism a third way, which is not however situated halfway between the market and socialism, but which represents instead a defense of a competitive society that is aware of its own historical and cultural basis.

Liberty and Socialism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Private Property ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
The One ◽  
Means Of Production

This chapter examines whether socialism may be more consistent with liberty than capitalism is. It concentrates on two issues, one related to property and the other to education. It first considers whether the abolition of private property rights in the means of production would in itself be an assault on freedom. Some defenders of socialism, as well as its critics, think of socialism as the search for justice, welfare, or fraternity at the expense of freedom—or “bourgeois freedoms.” The chapter proceeds by discussing whether a “no-ownership” regime would allow room for greater or lesser intellectual freedom, for a more or less libertarian educational system. It argues that serious socialism must be concerned with constitutional issues, and especially with issues of decentralization, on the one hand, and the protection of individuals against maladministration, on the other.

scholarly journals Influence and Role of Business Reputation (Goodwill) on the Development of International Business

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Tetyana Hnatiuk
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
International Business ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Management ◽  
International Division ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

International business historically and logically arises as a result of the development and deepening of the international division of labor and the formation of the world market. International business is becoming an all-encompassing and pervasive phenomenon of modern civilization. Although there are many examples of international business in which the partners are, on the one hand, a private firm and on the other - a government agency of another country, it is still more typical to consider either inter-firm transactions of this kind, or intra-firm - in the case of if different divisions of the firm are located in different countries and these divisions interact with each other (the most typical in this case - the so-called multinational corporations). International business is based on the ability to benefit from the benefits of interstate (intercountry) business transactions, ie the fact that the sale of this product in another country, or the establishment of a firm of one country of production in another country, or the provision of services jointly by firms etc. provide business parties with more benefits than they would have if they did business in their own countries. This is a key point not only in understanding the nature and specifics of international business itself, but also in explaining the emergence and development of international management as such. Thus, it is a question of motivation of the businessman (manager), and it developed in the context of historical development of a civilization as a whole and its economic kernel - first of all. And definitely the impact of business reputation (goodwill) on the development of such business and its prosperity.

NURSERY POETICS: AN EXAMINATION OF LYRIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CHILD IN TENNYSON'S “THE PRINCESS”

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-500
Author(s):  
Anna Jane Barton
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Contemporary Issue ◽  
Cross Dressing ◽  
The One ◽  
Narrative Poem ◽  
Sufficient Stimulus

“THE PRINCESS,”TENNYSON's narrative poem about a radically feminist princess and a cross-dressing prince, framed by an imagined argument between Victorian men and women concerning the role of women in modern society, has, understandably, formed the central text in a number of articles about nineteenth-century gender poetics. Critics have been eager to engage with the fictional authors of the narrative, casting Tennyson as, on the one hand, a bastion of Victorian patriarchy, and on the other a subversive feminist. Donald E. Hall, in an essay, published in his collectionFixing Patriarchy, is the most persuasive advocate for a masculinist Tennyson, presenting “The Princess” as undertaking a project of “subsumption,” in which the words and demands of the women are “ingested, modified and incorporated by the patriarch” (46). In an article entitled: “Marginalized Musical Interludes: Tennyson's Critiques of Conventionality in ‘The Princess,’“ Alisa Clapp-Itnyre provides a representative case for the defence, presenting the lyrics as “pivotal feminist commentaries” that work to interrupt and deconstruct the male narrative (229). Herbert Tucker locates a third way, identifying the poem as a “textbook Victorian compromise” (Tennyson352). He argues that it “avoids taking a position on a hotly debated issue by taking up any number of positions” and characterizes this compromise, not as a commitment to portraying a complex contemporary issue with integrity, but as the result of Tennyson's not caring particularly either way: “neither the rallying of Victorian feminism” he writes, “nor the patriarchal status quo was sufficient stimulus to commitment” (352). In order to open up a new line of enquiry into “The Princess” I would like to look beyond the gender questions that continue to be batted back and forth amongst Tennyson's critics and to offer the figure of the child as an alternative and more powerful cultural, aesthetic and professional stimulus to Tennyson's poem.

scholarly journals THE EXPANSION OF URBAN ESTATE PROJECTS IN THE AREA OF SOUTHEAST TERESINA -PI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lineu Aparecido Paz e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Real Estate Developer ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
Means Of Production ◽  
Property Developers

Urban space is the one built by man , not the natural environment . The set of land uses that have joint organized and evenly , being set based on the interests of the promoters of urban space , which are the owners of the means of production, land owners, property developers , the state and excluded social groups, and this work has emphasized the role of property developers who work for the reproduction of capital and the state that also modifies the space of the city and often acts as a real estate developer financing ventures , acting in this way together with promoters estate .

scholarly journals Altruism, philantropy and humanism: The conceptual-historical aspects of solidarity

Sociologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todor Kuljic
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War

This paper presents two main versions of altruism: the filantrophy and the humanism, their most developed historical forms and ways of legitimation. It is shown why private property, market and profite maximization are not inconsinent with the philantrophy and why it is not in accordance with the humanism. One should consider the role of philantrophy in the apology of capitalism.The paper compares two clasical writings: Marx-Engels? ?Manifest of the Communist Party? and Andrew Carnegies essay ?The Gospel of Wealth?. In addition, it explores historical development, main features and the limitations of solidarity both in humanism and in philantropy in religious and in secular life as well as the types of philantrops and humanists and the contemporary philantrocapitalism in USA and Germany. There are two kinds of the philantropy criticism: (1) Non systemic one, which warns on the different abuses of philantrops, but which doesn?t deny the system?s foundations, and (2) Systemic one, which does?nt separate the criticism of philantropy from the criticism of capitalism itself. Special attention is dedicated to the usage of symbolic capital in the philantropy and to different doubts about the sincerity of benefaction.There is difference between apstract humanism which only comdemn the inhumanity, on the one side, and the theory of real humanism, as the lever by means of which one should put down exploatation and oppression of human beings. One is able to differentiate between ideological explanations of charity, philantropic and humanistic attempts in the epochal consciousnesses of the different historical ages from the antiquity to neoliberalism. Humanism prevailed during the Cold War in socialism, whereas philantropy has become hegemonic since the collapse of European socialism. Humanism was rooted in critism of the private property, while philantropy serves to promote and the bouergoies values. The conclusion is that the philantrophy relieves misery on the level of distribution, while humanism tries to annihilate the misery on the level of production.

Women's Role in Economic Development a Significant Impact in the EU Countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Halil İbrahim Aydin ◽  
Maroua Benghoul ◽  
Aniela Balacescu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
The One

In the last four decades, the female participation in the economic scene has registered a significant increase in all EU countries. However, on the one hand, men labour participation is higher than women's and on the other hand, there are gaps regarding pay and earnings by gender because women tend to work fewer hours and work in lower-paying sectors than men. The goal of this article is to point out the role of women in fostering the framework in the economy, with a special emphasis on the female labour force and entrepreneurship to support this scope and to provide evidence that the women have a positive impact on economic development. The article argues that the women contribute significantly in the economy development. The research sample consists of the European Union countries and the research was carried out for the period 1968-2017. The empirical part of the study is based on vector autoregressive model analysis.

scholarly journals Los conocimientos detrás del oficio tradicional: conceptos y dimensiones para su análisis

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Suhey Ayala-Ramirez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Castillo-Giron
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Educational Perspective ◽  
Limited Supply ◽  
Means Of Production

Traditional trades are a means of producing material goods. They have distinguishing characteristics that differentiate them from other forms of production. Their study is relevant since they conceptualize the sociocultural structures created at a given moment in history, and speak to the social relations forged during production. Similarly, they account for the social transformations that emerge as a consequence of changes experienced by these means of production (Martínez, 2009). The current study is being approached from an educational perspective. Its objective is to carry out a conceptual analysis of traditional trades, with an emphasis on the transfer of explicit and tacit knowledge and the role of education in their rupture, continuity, transformation and/or consolidation. The research methodology is derived from a thematic analysis of scholarly literature that allowed for the conceptual framing of traditional trades. Notwithstanding, there is a limited supply of specialized literature available on this topic, and this study aims to contribute elements for future imperial analysis. Furthermore, the findings will result in a greater understanding of the socio-educational wealth of knowledge contained in these means of production that have been devalued by the formal educational system.

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