scholarly journals Conversational Implicature Analysis in “Kingdom of Heaven” Movie Script by William Monahan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-350
Author(s):  
Saiful Akmal ◽  
Desy Ulfa Yana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Kingdom Of Heaven ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Cooperative Principles

This study was designed to discover the types of conversational implicature and the non-observance maxim of cooperative principles expressed by the characters in the Kingdom of Heaven movie script by William Monahan. The theory of Grice was applied to analyze the conversational implicature, and the qualitative approach is used to explain the conversational implicatures. After analyzing the movie, we discovered particularized implicatures as the most frequent conversational implicatures in the movie script with 14 occurrences, followed by six occurrences of generalized implicatures. The finding also revealed that the frequent use of flouting maxim of quantity occurred more frequent with 14 out of the total 20 excerpts, with violating maxim found only three times in the movie script. From this study, both findings suggested the reason behind the frequent use of flouting maxim compare to violating maxim in conversational implicature is because the speaker assumes that they will be in a safe position, and then expect the hearer to understand their points, as the speaker did not intentionally manipulate or mislead the hearer. 

scholarly journals ANALYZING IMPLICATURES IN TALIWANG DIALECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Ismiati Ismiati
Keyword(s):  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Needed Information ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to analyze the types of implicature and flouting maxims and the reasons for doing the flouting in Taliwang Dialect. It applied the descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by recording natural conversations among the natives of Taliwang Dialect. It was found two types of implicature, namely, Generalized Conversational Implicature (GCI) and Particularized Conversational Implicatures (PCI). In GCI, the speaker and interlocutor could easily understand the conveyed utterances because they mostly used general statements which are commonly spoken in the Taliwang dialect. In PCI, both speaker and the interlocutor needed a particular knowledge to understand each other because of the flouting maxim. Some speakers or hearers in PCI often break the maxim in a conversation due to some reasons such as accepting untrue or lie information, receiving more information than the needed information, getting irrelevant information and having unclear or ambiguous information.

scholarly journals IMPLIKATUR PERCAKAPAN DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI DI PASAR HEWAN WAGE TULAKAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
NFN Hestiyana
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Market Wage ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implikatur percakapan yang digunakan oleh penjual dan pembeli dalam transaksi jual beli di Pasar Hewan Wage Tulakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data  dalam penelitian ini adalah  bahasa  lisan yang  dituturkan oleh penjual dan pembeli yang sedang melakukan transaksi jual beli di Pasar Hewan Wage Tulakan. Dalam penyediaan data digunakan metode simak, baik simak libat cakap atau simak bebas libat cakap dan  teknik catat. Pada tahap analisis data, tuturan antara penjual dan pembeli diklasifikasikan berdasarkan penggunaan implikatur percakapan. Setelah dilakukan penelitian secara mendalam, pada saat transaksi jual beli berlangsung antara penjual dan pembeli sering menggunakan implikatur percakapan. Bentuk implikatur percakapan yang digunakan, yaitu: implikatur percakapan dalam kalimat perintah, implikatur percakapan dalam kalimat berita, dan implikatur percakapan dalam kalimat tanya.Kata kunci: Pragmatik, implikatur percakapan, kalimat perintah, kalimat berita, kalimat tanya Abstract: This study aimed to describe conversational implicatures used by the seller and the buyer in the sale and purchase transactions in the Market Wage Animal Tulakan. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. Sources of data in this study is the spoken language spoken by sellers and buyers who are buying or selling in the Market Wage Animal Tulakan. In the method of providing data used refer to, either proficient or refer see involved capably and techniques involved free record. At this stage of data analysis, speech between the seller and the buyer are classified based on the use of conversational implicature. After in-depth research, at the time of sale and purchase transactions take place between sellers and buyers often use conversational implicature. Forms of conversational implicatures used: conversational implicatures order to form a sentence, the sentence shaped conversational implicature news, and conversational implicatures shaped interrogative sentence.Key words: Pragmatics, conversational implicature, imperative sentences, sentence news, interrogative sentence

scholarly journals How Do You Comprehend Tahilalats Comic?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Herlandri Eka Jayaputri
Keyword(s):  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Cooperative Principles

This  study  discusses  the  use  of  the  cooperative  principles  and  the conversational  implicatures  in  Nurfadli  Mursyid’s  Tahilalats  comic. Tahilalats is one comedy comic in Line Webtoon. The comic contains four panels in each episode, and its stories concern social phenomena. However, the readers said that Tahilalats comic was difficult to understand. This was the reason the writer conducted this study, which was an analysis of the use of the cooperative principle in Tahilalats comic. The study aimed at finding the  forms  of  conversational  implicature  and  describing  the  functions  of conversational  implicature  in  the  comic.  This  study  was  focused  on  30 episodes of the comic, and to collect the data the writer used simak and catat techniques  (Sudaryanto,  1993).  The  results  are  related  to  the  cooperative principle and the conversational implicature. The violation or compliance of the cooperative principles can describe the implicatures in the conversation. The uses of both produce humorous effects because these potentially lead the reader to misunderstand the comic when reading explicitly. However, reading the comic further, the reader will understand the implicit meanings.

Give as a light verb

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-306
Author(s):  
Elena Martínez Caro ◽  
Jorge Arús-Hita
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
British English ◽  
Light Verb Constructions ◽  
Light Verb ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Pragmatic Variation ◽  
Semantic Properties

Abstract Light Verb Constructions (LVCs) have received widespread attention. Research on these constructions, however, has for the most part focused exclusively on their syntactic and lexical-semantic properties. Additionally, studies devoted to specific LVCs tend to neglect the phrasal-semantic and pragmatic variation brought about by the combination of a light verb with different nominal complements. This paper tries to fill those gaps by means of a quantitative and qualitative corpus-based study of Light give Constructions (LgiveCs). The quantitative analysis investigates frequencies of LgiveCs in British English and compares them across spoken and written (fiction) discourse, which reveals a high frequency of this construction in speech, especially in combinations of give with a ring, a kiss and an answer. When these combinations are excluded, LgiveCs are significantly more frequent in writing. In a complementary qualitative approach, we highlight the structural and discursive features of the construction and attempt to explore the factors that motivate the frequent use of the LgiveC in British English.

scholarly journals What is wrong with false-link conditionals?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (s3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Krzyżanowska
Keyword(s):  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Indicative Conditional ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Conversational Implicatures

AbstractIt is a common intuition that the antecedent of an indicative conditional should have something to do with its consequent, that they should be somehow connected. In fact, many conditionals sound unacceptable precisely because they seem to suggest a connection which is not there. Although the majority of semantic theories of conditionals treat this phenomenon as something pragmatic, for instance, something that is conversationally implicated, no one has offered a full-fledged pragmatic explanation of why missing-link, and, in particular, false-link conditionals strike us as odd. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility that the link is an example of a conversational implicature. We discuss possible tests one can employ to identify conversational implicatures, and, ultimately, we show that the connection between a conditional’s antecedent and consequent fails them all.

scholarly journals The Understandable English Conversational Implicatures by Yemeni EFL University Learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Haifa Nassar ◽  
Abdusalam Al-Ghrafy
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Test Scenarios ◽  
Descriptive Method

English, as a communication tool, is playing an extremely significant role in cross-cultural communication. While it is true that language users can mean exactly what they mean in their utterances, it is also true that they can have their utterances mean much more than what they say.  Speakers of English choose to speak indirectly, and that using conversational implicatures is a way to be indirect. This research paper examined the perception of English conversational implicatures among Yemeni EFL university learners. It followed an empirical analytical-descriptive method consisting of a test and an interview. The study subjects were 62 Yemeni EFL university learners. A multiple-choice discourse completion test and an interview were used for collecting the study data. The test contains six types of conversational implicature: Stating, Tautology, Rhetorical Question, Understatement, Indirect Refusal and Indirect Request. All the implicatures included in the test were adapted from the study related literature, whereas most of the test scenarios containing these implicatures were ready-made ones that the researcher came across throughout her reading. The results revealed that these implicatures were found easy by Yemeni EFL university learners to understand.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING MAXIM IN EFL CLASSROOM INTERACTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Asri Dwi E.S.
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Efl Teaching

The present study concerns with the fl outing maxim occurred<br />in EFL classroom interaction. It was aimed at investigating how<br />the conversational implicatures especially fl outing maxim are be-<br />ing formed in teacher and students dialog during EFL teaching and<br />learning process. The present study used qualitative approach. The<br />data taken from teacher and students interaction in EFL classroom<br />are being transcribed and analyzed by categorizing utterances based<br />on the fl outing of maxim theory proposed by H.P. Grice. Based on<br />the data analysis, it has been discovered that during the conversa-<br />tion, all speakers happen to be successful in observing maxims. The<br />proportion of non-observance maxim is only 2%. Sorts of maxim<br />that is fl outed by speaker are maxim of quantity, quality and man-<br />ner. The fl out of maxim is done by students because of their lack<br />of linguistic and actional competence.

scholarly journals Conversational Implicature In Advertisement Slogans Embedded With Sexual Content: A Lecturer Analysis In Business Class

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
Kadek Adyatna Wedananta ◽  
◽  
Putu Kerti Nitiasih ◽  
Atima Kaewsa-ard ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
The Way ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative ◽  
Cooperative Principles

As a lecturer in a business class, it might be interesting to dig deep to advertisement slogan embedded with sexual content like Condoms advertisement. This advertisement uses implicit language in the way they promote the product because it mostly leads to free sex. Therefore, the phenomenon of advertisers creatively uses the implicit slogans to attract their customers about their product might be interesting to discuss. This study aims to investigate the use of conversational implicature and the violation of cooperative principle or maxims occurred in condoms advertisement slogan and investigate the perception of business class students toward the analysis of this advertisement slogan to learn. It was descriptive qualitative research with 15 condoms advertisement slogans to be analyzed and 15 business class students to be interviewed. The result came with 100% particularized implicature used, 100% of violating of maxim of quantity, 100% of violating of maxim manner, 73 % of violating maxim of quality, and no violation in maxim of relevance. In conclusion, advertisers are using particularized implicature and violation of some cooperative principles or maxims to avoid informative messages in promoting their product (condom) which is banned in their advertisement rule. However, the advertisers keep making the slogans relevant to the products, so that some particular people can easily understand the message conveyed by the slogans. Moreover, the business class students agreed that this analysis should be important to learn because they will work as an entrepreneur who thinks about utterances in creating slogans for advertisement, especially sexual content. Further research should analyze more slogans in sexual content and use more techniques of analysis.

scholarly journals A Conversational Implicature Analysis In Oscar Wilde’s Short Story “Happy Prince”

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Faizal Risdianto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
Implied Meaning

The title of this paper is a conversational implicature analysis on Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. In this paper, the writer discusses conversational implicature in one of Oscar Wilde’s short stories entitled “Happy Prince”. The objectives of the study are to identify the implicature utterances conveyed by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince” and to describe the implied meaning uttered by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. In this study, the writer applies qualitative research method. The objects of this study are ten utterances of conversational implicature in Oscar Wilde’s “Happy Prince”. Those conversational implicature are obtained through frequent reading and analysis. This study employed the researcher as the instrument to find adequate and profound data and analyze them. The procedures and steps that have been used in this research are: (1) the provision of data, (2) data classification, (3) and data analysis. In analyzing the data, the writer uses Gricean theory. It is a theory about conversational implicature generated by four maxims. Those are maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relation and maxim of manner. Then the last step is (4) the presentation of data analysis. After conducting the research, the writer found ten conversational implicatures in Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince”. In the short story, there are some variation’s meanings of the conversational implicature used in the short story which closely related to the conversational implicature; they are cooperative, politeness and ironical principle. In Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince”, there are six maxims of politeness principle, two maxims of cooperative principles and two maxims of ironical principles. Besides that, the reasons of the conversational implicature used in Oscar Wilde’s short story “Happy Prince” are to make us easyly understand the dialogue in the short story conversations and it is aimed at minimizing misunderstanding among the readers and literary critics.Keywords: Conversational Implicature; Maxims; Gricean Theory; Short Story

scholarly journals A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN ANONYMOUS MOVIE SCRIPT

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fauzi Jamaluddin ◽  
Maryadi Maryadi ◽  
Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
Script Reading ◽  
Fourth Position

The research aims at describing the types of figurative language, implicature, and flouting maxim of Anonymous movie. The research employs the descriptive qualitative as the type of the research. The data source of this research is the script of Anonymous movie. Techniques of collecting data are watching the Anonymous movie, searching then downloading the Anonymous movie script, reading the Anonymous movie script, identifying the types of figurative languages in the movie script and underlying them, typing those figurative languages in paper, describing the types of figurative language by using Perrine theory and coding the data. The techniques of data analysis are describing the types of figurative language found in the Anonymous Movie Script, the writer uses Perrine theory (1977), describing the types the implicature, the writer refers to the theory of Grice (1989), and drawing discussion, describing the flouting maxim, the writer uses Cutting’s theory (2002). The data are shown with the italic, bold and underline words. One datum analysis presents figurative language, implicature and flouting maxim analysis. So, it doesn’t analyze separately. The result of the study shows that 1) the types of figurative language are: Metaphor (30.56%) which always uses an implicit comparison at the movie’s mind. The second position is Hyperbole (27.78%), and the third position is Simile (19.44%) and the fourth position is Personification (16.67%). Based on the frequency of occurrence, Irony (5.56%) is in the last position. 2) The all implicature of figurative languages cover conversational implicature (100%) and none of them are conventional implicature (0%). The conversational implicature divided into: particularized conversational implicature (94.44%) and generalized conversational implicature (5.56%) (3) The flouting maxim are used by the characters: flouting maxim of quality (86.11%), flouting maxim of relation (5.56%), flouting maxim of manner (5.56%), flouting maxim of quantity (2.78%).

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