scholarly journals AYAT-AYAT TASYBĪH DALAM KITAB LAṬĀ’IF AL-ISYĀRĀT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-201
Author(s):  
Naryono Naryono
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources

This study examines the verses of tasybīh according to ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Qusyairī such as ‘Arsy Allāh, Yad Allāh, and Wajh Allāh. The question that will be discussed is how al-Qusyairī interprets the verses of tasybīh in Laṭā’if al-Isyārāt. To get maximum results, the authors use descriptive-analytical methods, data are collected and compiled then analyzed. The primary source in this study is Laṭā’if al-Isyārāt, by ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Qusyairī. The secondary sources are the books of al-Qusyairī such as Risālah al-Qusyairīyah, Tartib al-Sulūk, Arba’ Rasā’il fī al-Taṣawuf. The results of this study indicate that 'Arsy according to al-Qusyairī is divided into two, namely: 'Arsy al-Samā' (where Allah resides) and 'Arsy Rahmān ('Arsy earth) located in the hearts of the ahl al-Tauhid (people those who insult Allah), whereas for the words Yad Allāh, and Wajh Allāh are ordained with the power held by Allah.

An Assessment of Hygiene Maintenance Factors Effect on Employees’ Productivity in Nigerian Telecommunication Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Ann Ogbo ◽  
Kifordu Anyibuofu Anthony ◽  
Okagu Kosisochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Telecommunication Industry ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Maintenance Factors ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
Survey Approach

The study aimed at establishing an assessment of hygiene maintenance factors effects on employees’productivity. The hygiene/maintenance factors play vital role in employees’ productivity. They do not motivate employee in organization, yet they must be present or dissatisfaction will arise. . The study is aimed to pursue the following objectives: To determine the extent to which working conditions improve the performance of employees, to ascertain the effect of interpersonal relations within the organization on firms’ profitability and to assesthe extent to whichcompensation improve the performance of employees.The study was conducted using the survey approach. The geographical scope of the study was Mobile telecommunication network (MTN), located within Enugu metropolis. Two sources of data were utilized in the study: they included primary and secondary sources. The primary source wasthrough the administration of copies of designed questionnaire to a total of forty one respondents that made up the sample size for the study.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Initial Growth of Different Poplar Clones on Four Sites in Western Slovakia—Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Heilig ◽  
Bálint Heil ◽  
Christoph Leibing ◽  
Heinz Röhle ◽  
Gábor Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Groundwater Availability ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Short Rotation

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate four hybrid poplar comparison tests along a groundwater availability gradient in Western Slovakia. The weather fluctuation during the 3-year study period was described with indices, such as the Forestry Aridity Index (FAI) or the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). The soil chemical and physical parameters were determined from soil samples from the two upper horizons. The nutrient status and supply of the trees were categorized based on leaf elemental analysis. Altogether, 21 different clones from 6 genomic groups were compared. The survival (SRV), diameter at breast height (DBH), and height of the trees (H) had been measured annually since the plantations were established, and from these measurements, mean annual height increment (MAHI) values were derived. These weather, edaphic, and clonal factors were evaluated and compared. Significant effects of the site (edaphic factors) were found as the primary source of variance and clonal differences as secondary sources of variance among the growth of trees. The interaction of site × clone effects was not significant. The results showed that for short rotation forestry (SRF), the site parameters—especially groundwater availability—are key factors.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

Using Sources In History Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Seema S.Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Materials

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

scholarly journals Motherhood in the American Woman Poet’s Perspective: A Short Glance at Allen’s Rock Me to Sleep

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Nandy Intan Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Library Research

Article scrutinized one of the works of an American woman poet named Elizabeth Akers Allen. The poem under study entitled “Rock Me to Sleep”. It was a portrayal of motherhood. The speaker of this poem is a woman who is longing for the love of her mother. She is seeking for a way to ease her pain since she feels that she has lost her own battle of womanhood. Although the mother remains absent, the readers of the poem can sense the powerful love of the speaker of the poem toward her mother. Method of this study was library research that carried out by applying descriptive analytical methods. Data were collected from the primary and secondary sources. Results of this paper are the writer of poetry wants to warn people that womanhood in the patriarchal society can create many problems, and the only remedy for those problems is motherhood. Article also proves that a writer does not have to be a feminist to produce a literary text which discusses the issue of women, which has became the focus of feminism.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMING THE POST-MUWAḤḤIDDŪN MAN: MALIK BENNABI’S CRITIQUE OF THE CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf Patria
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Society Today

This article is aimed at discussing the critical analysis of a Muslim thinker, Malik Bennabi, of the state of contemporary Muslim society. This discussion uses a descriptive-analytic approach with Bennabi's works as the primary source and other supporting works as secondary sources. Bennabi's definition of a society, especially its origin, basic elements, and its stages, is described in detail as a basis for understanding Bennabi's thoughts. then, the article discusses Bennabi's analysis and criticism of the current state of Muslim society. For him, the root of all the problems experienced by Muslim society today is an internal weakness or what he calls "colonisability". This situation, according to him, creates vulnerable individuals and societies to be "colonized" again. Bennabi referred to these individuals in Muslim society as “Post-Muwaḥḥiddūn man”, as a sign that internal weaknesses began to emerge in Muslim society after the Muwaḥḥid dynasty. Based on his explanation, it can be concluded that the current Muslim society is disoriented and has lost its identity. The author also concludes that Bennabi's approach and analysis are able to describe the current state of Muslim society and the root of the problems it is experiencing.

Written Sources and African History: A Plea for the Primary Source. The Angola Manuscript Collection of Fernão de Sousa

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 77-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Heintze
Keyword(s):  
Textual Criticism ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
African History ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
False Sense ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Archival Work

The written sources for African history are scattered throughout the world, often in archives to which access is difficult. To reach them often requires a considerable expenditure of time and money, quite apart from the necessary linguistic knowledge. As a result, at least in the German-speaking world, much of the writing of African history and anthropology has for decades rested exclusively on published sources. Besides often leading to a serious deficiency of information, such an approach limits the degree of control to which written testimony can be subjected: even the most assiduous textual criticism soon reaches its limits if comparable information is lacking. In addition, where there are only a few published sources, the historian may all too easily be lulled into a false sense of security. To remedy this, it is not enough to plead for as much archival work as possible (a requirement that can today usually be taken for granted in any case) and encourage the publication of more primary sources. We should also pay more attention to the distinction between primary and secondary sources, that is, take more explicitly into account the proximity of a source to the historical event or situation concerned--quite apart from observing all the other rules of textual criticism.This paper therefore has two purposes. First, I wish to draw attention to a hitherto-neglected source for Angolan history in the first half of the seventeenth century--the manuscript collection of Fernão de Sousa, Governor of Angola from 1624 to 1630. A rough review of its contents and arrangement will perhaps stimulate scholars to study it and facilitate its use.

scholarly journals “Battle of the Extremes”: Party Polarization in the 2010 Pennsylvanian Senatorial Election

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Emily Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Politics ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Primary Election ◽  
Party Polarization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Depth Analysis

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the senatorial election held in Pennsylvania in November of 2010. The paper outlines the state's primary election campaigns and the eventual campaign between two ideologically-opposed candidates, Sestak and Toomey. By referencing extensive primary source documents (interviews, campaign videos, and speeches), supported by scholarly secondary sources, this paper argues that Pennsylvania's senatorial election is emblematic of greater party polarization across the United States. The candidates' unwillingness to provide moderate solutions to appeal to voters in this swing state is noteworthy and is reflective of the decline of centrist politics in the country. Though narrow in scope, the argument put forth in this paper has broader implications for polarization and political engagement in contemporary American politics.

The Indian Kattalio Game: mapping the counterfeit currency network in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-558
Author(s):  
Balasubramaniyan Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Currency Note ◽  
Right To Information ◽  
The Right

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the counterfeit currency network in India. This research is an endeavour to bring out various layers which act as source, collection and distribution points in a counterfeit currency network in India. This paper also deals with the fake currency network and its linkages to terrorism. Design/methodology/approach Methodology adopted is a descriptive one which conducts a content analysis on materials derived from secondary sources supported by information from primary source data acquired through the Right to Information Act. Findings This paper argues that the existing measure of calculating the incidence of counterfeit notes per million is understated by the relevant stakeholders in India. This measure changes drastically when other factors such as high denomination notes and police seizures are taken into account, which has not been attempted, though it is duly acknowledged by the stakeholders. This paper has attempted to map the locations in India which act as ingress, distribution and circulation points based on evidentiary data derived from the seizure records. This paper also highlights the fact that criminal gang-operated networks of fake currency are compartmentalised, while the networks operated by terror groups are de-compartmentalised. Practical implications In the process, this paper attempts to enlighten stakeholders like law enforcement agencies, banking regulators and counter terrorism community on the penetration levels of the fake Indian currency note (FICN) networks in India and the need to target these important nodes or points or layers to break up the FICN network. This also highlights fund-raising mechanisms of terror groups, where FICN acts as the main funding resource for groups like the Indian Mujahideen for carrying out low-cost terror attacks. Originality/value The key findings of this research lie in its originality of presentation of facts in a systematic fashion.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF THE GENESIS, SOURCES, MANIFESTATIONS AND IMPACT OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS (SALW) IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 195-218
Author(s):  
Babayo Sule ◽  
Ibrahim Kawuley Mikail ◽  
Muhammad Aminu Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Light Weapons

The protracted proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) across the globe to Africa and specifically in Northern Nigeria has led to the explosion of social crises which culminated in insecurity situation in the region for more than a decade now. Armed conflicts emanated from the effects of the spread of SALW across the three geopolitical zones in the North which manifested in the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast, farmers-herders conflict in the Northcentral, armed banditry in the Northwest and ethnoreligious conflicts in addition to kidnappings in the region. The objective of this study is a critical and thorough investigation of the SALW in exacerbating armed conflicts in general in the Northern part of Nigeria. The problem is the scenario in which the armed conflicts are threatening to entirely destabilised the region and the manner in which the SALW are increasing despite the global efforts to contain their spread for security reasons. This research used a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Both the primary and secondary sources were used. The primary source was the interview conducted with selected informants in the relevant area of study. The secondary source was the use of available literature on the subject matter of study and the discussions were made using thematic analytical interpretations. The research discovered that the rampant armed conflicts in Northern Nigeria is the reminiscent of the spread of SALW in the region which tantamount to the present critical security situation. Also, weak policy and political institutions contributed to the spread of SALW which means there is a need for a strong policy approach. The work recommends among other numerous suggestions that efforts should be intensified in intelligence gathering to detect the networking of the racketeers in the armed business and contain them appropriately as well as total blockage of the weapons’ route.

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