scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Test of Amomum cardamomum (Kapulaga) Seed Extract on Hepatic Trasaminase Enzyme in Winstar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Ratih D. Yudhani ◽  
Riza N. Pesik ◽  
Sarah Azzahro ◽  
Adliah F. Anisa ◽  
Rizka Hendriyani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Hepatic Transaminase

The herb frequently used as spices or remedies in the Indonesian community, with the seed as the most common part is kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum). According to earlier evidence, this possessed antibacterial, antifungal and several biological properties, reduced blood glucose and atherogenic parameter, and is developed as standardized herbal cures. However, the application of herbal medicine requires validating evidence of safety and effectiveness, including toxicity tests, particularly in clinical settings. The target organs in this comprised hepar, due to the role in several drug metabolism. This study aimed at discovering the safety profile of kapulaga seed extract based on the hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) level, by conducting an acute toxicity test in Winstar rats. Also, this was implemented with the OECD 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure, and the preliminary test employed 300 mg/kg BW dose followed by a maximum single quantity (2000 mg/kg BW) of kapulaga. The main test was executed by a separation into control and treatment groups of 5 rats each. Therefore, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg BW kapulaga seed extract was administered to the treatment group, while the control group received standard pellets and water ad libitum. The blood from orbital vein was acquired on day 14, and SGOT and SGPT were subsequently assessed by an enzymatic-photometric method. Also, this data was analyzed using an independent sample t-test, and the mean of SGOT in both groups were 116.92±22.35 and 98.02±16.38 (p=0.17), with 58.72±8.79 and 47.64±7.30 (p=0.06) as SGPT respectively. Therefore, there was no statistical difference, and no acute toxicity signs were discovered. The maximum dose was not toxic and did not result in poisonous symptoms or alter hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) in rats.Keywords: Amomum cardamomum, kapulaga, acute toxicity, SGOT, SGPT  Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Biji Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) Berdasarkan Kadar Enzim Transaminase Hepar Tikus WinstarAbstrakKapulaga (Amomum cardamomum), merupakan salah satu herbal Indonesia yang secara umum dimanfaatkan sebagai rempah-rempah maupun obat, terutama bagian biji. Beberapa bukti sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kapulaga memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis seperti antibakteri, antijamur, dan sudah dibuktikan mampu menurunkan glukosa darah dan parameter arterogenik. Bukti tersebut mendukung pengembangan kapulaga sebagai obat herbal terstandar. Penggunaan obat herbal terutama di klinik harus didukung dengan adanya bukti keamanan maupun efektivitasnya termasuk uji toksisitas. Hepar merupakan salah satu target organ dari uji toksisitas karena perannya yang penting pada metabolisme sebagian besar obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai profil keamanan ekstrak biji kapulaga melalui uji toksisitas akut menggunakan tikus Winstar berdasarkan kadar enzim transaminase hepar (SGOT dan SGPT). Uji toksisitas akut berpedoman pada OECD 420 Fixed Dose Procedure. Uji pendahuluan menggunakan ekstrak biji kapulaga dosis 300 mg/kg BB dan diikuti dengan dosis tinggi 2000 mg/kg BB yang diberikan secara tunggal. Uji utama dilakukan dengan membagi tikus ke dalam kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 5 tikus. Berdasarkan hasil uji pendahuluan, uji utama menggunakan dosis tunggal 2000 mg/kg BB untuk kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya mendapatkan pelet dan air secukupnya. Pada hari ke-14, darah dari vena orbital diambil, lalu kadar SGOT dan SGPT diukur menggunakan metode enzymatic-photometric. Independent sample t-test digunakan untuk menilai data rata-rata kadar SGOT dan SGPT dari kedua kelompok. Rata-rata kadar SGOT pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebesar 116,92±22,35 dan 98,02±16,38 (p=0,17), sedangkan rata-rata SGPT sebesar 58,72±8,79 dan 47,64±7,30 (p=0,06). Perbedaan rata-rata SGOT dan SGPT pada kedua kelompok tersebut secara statistik tidak bermakna dan tidak ditemukan tanda toksisitas pada semua hewan coba. Ekstrak biji kapulaga dosis maksimal 2000 mg/kg BB tidak toksik pada hepar tikus karena tidak menimbulkan tanda toksisitas maupun mengubah enzim transaminase hati (SGOT dan SGPT). Kata kunci: Amomum cardamomum, kapulaga, toksisitas akut, SGOT, SGPT

scholarly journals The Liver histopathology structure of Wistar rats on the acute toxicity test of Kapulaga Seeds extract (Amomum cardamomum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Dewi Yudhani ◽  
Rizka Hendriyani ◽  
Riza Novierta Pesik
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Treatment Groups

One-third of the Indonesian population uses herbs for alternative medicine empirically. One of them is Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) which known as a spice and traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatic, fever, cough, sore throat, and mouth odor. The clinical use of herbs must be supported by scientific evidenced-based and its safety profile. The risk of exposure to a substance in humans can be identified through the toxicity tests on animals. The liver histopathological structure is one of the parameters of the acute toxicity test. This study to determine the acute toxicity of Kapulaga seeds extract (Amomum cardamomum) based on the liver histopathological structure of Wistar rats. The sample selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in the OECD 420 guideline. The research consisted of a preliminary and the main test. One rat was used in the preliminary test with an initial dose of cardamom seed extract 300 mg/kg BW and followed by a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg BW after 48 hours. The main test used 10 rats that were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Based on the result of the preliminary test, the treatment group was given a single dose of cardamom seed extract 2000mg /kg BW, whilst the control group was given distilled water. Observations of any toxic signs or dead were conducted every 30 minutes in the first 4 hours and continued once per day until 14thday. Assessment of the degree of liver damage was done using the liver damaged scoring and compared using the Mann Whitney test (α = 0.05). The average liver damage score of control and treatment groups is 0.96 ± 0,856 and 0.96 ± 0,604, respectively, and did not show any statistically significant differences (p>0,05). Kapulagaseeds (Amomum cardamomum) had no acute toxic effect based on the liver histopathological structure of Wistar rats.

Study on the Safety of Mineral and Synthetic Oil Added Commonly Used Extreme Pressure Additives

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1386-1389
Author(s):  
Zhuo Jun Chen ◽  
Long Long Feng ◽  
Bao Liang Li ◽  
Jin Jin Yue ◽  
Ying Liang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Base Oil ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

This article use the Sulphide Isobutene (T321), Five Sufides Dialkyl(RC2540) and Star of Phosphorus(P110) as the additives,Neopentyl Polyol Ester(NPE) and mineral oil N32 as base oil. Compound above additives and base oil for the four levels. A sample: adding 4% T321 additive in NPE. B sample: adding 4% T321 additive in N32. C sample: adding 4% RC2540 additive in NPE. D sample: adding RC2540, T321 and P110 additives in NPE (all is mass fraction). The oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests were conducted in above samples. The test results show that. The mineral oil, it’s not only toxic then synthetic oil but also has a poor lubricating ability compare with the same percent additive in synthetic oil. In oral acute toxicity test, eye mucous stimulation test, skin hypersensitive test, soaking tail toxicity tests, Toxic reaction of mineral N32+4%wt Sulphide Isobutene (T321) obviously from other oil samples.

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Akut Air Limbah Industri Sasirangan Terhadap Ikan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yafi Kusuma ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Hardiono Hardiono
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Ammonia Content

Abstract: Toxicity Test Of Acute Industrial Waste Water On Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus). The sasirangan industrial liquid wastes containing high ammonia and high pH when discharged into the receiving water body without treatment will result in changes in water quality and even the death of aquatic biota so that an acute toxicity test is necessary. This study aims to determine the value of LC50 from waste sasirangan against tilapiaI. This research used the experimental method of Post Control Only Control Group Design design. Samples taken as much as 100 liters of waste in one industry sasirangan existing in the city of Banjarmasin. Concentrations of the sasirangan waste solution to be used in the acute toxicity test are: 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%. Parameters studied include ammonia, DO, pH, and temperature. To determine the value of LC50 using probit analysis. The results showed that LC50 for exposure time 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were 14.73%, 10.21%, 8.26%, and 7.35%, respectively. The results of the analysis show that pH and ammonia content of industrial effluent sasirangan affect the death of tilapia fish. This research is hoped that the sasirangan industry does not dispose of its waste directly to the water body but needs to process it first. For further research it can complement the untested parameters such as BOD, COD, and TSS that affect fish survival.

scholarly journals Study of whole effluent acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) as an evaluation of Ministry of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 3 In 2014 concerning industrial performance rank in environmental management

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Neng Rohmah ◽  
Dwina Roosmini ◽  
Mochamad Adi Septiono
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
Parameter Monitoring

Only 15% of the industries in Citarum Watershed, specifically in Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency, Sumedang Regency, Bandung City and Cimahi City, are registered as PROPER industries. They must comply to indicators as set in the Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 3 In 2014 concerning Industrial Performance Rank in Environmental Management, as a requirement to apply for PROPER. Wastewater treatment and management, referencing to Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 5 In 2014 concerning Wastewater Effluent Standards, must be performed to be registered as PROPER industries. Conducting only physical-chemical parameter monitoring of wastewater is insufficient to determine the safety of wastewater discharged into the river, therefore additional toxicity tests involving bioindicator are required to determine acute toxicity characteristic of wastewater. The acute toxicity test quantifies LC50 value based on death response of bioindicators from certain dosage. Daphnia magna was used as bioindicator in the toxicity test and probit software for analysis. In 2015-2016, the number of industries that discharged wastewater exceeding the standard was found greater in non-PROPER industries than in PROPER industries. Based on the toxicity level, both PROPER and non-PROPER industries have toxic properties, however PROPER industries of 2015-2016 is more toxic with LC5096 value reaching 2.79%.

scholarly journals Toxicological implications of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis on wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusayo Aderonke Shorinwa ◽  
Barizonmdu Monsi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background The unopened buds of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis is used in the treatment of anaemia and skin diseases in traditional medicine. Hence, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the effects of oral administration of the fruit extract of Harungana madagascariensis on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in Wistar rats. Methods Phytochemical screening of the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis was carried out. Acute toxicity test was done using Lorke’s method. Sub-acute toxicity studies were done using 24 rats of both sexes which were randomized into four groups of six rats each. Animals in groups A, B, C were administered with the extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively while group D animals were given distilled water (5 mg/kg) and served as the control group. All administrations were done through the oral route for 30 consecutive days. Body weights of the animals were taken weekly during the study. The animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anaesthesia and blood samples collected for evaluation of haematological (red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell) and biochemical (alanine transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and total protein) parameters. Histological examination was conducted on the liver and kidney of the animals. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroidal nucleus, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and tannins. Acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the RBC, HB, PCV and WBC of the extract treated groups when compared to the control group. There was however, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the creatinine level of the 500 mg/kg extract –treated group and the control. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in other biochemical parameters of the extract treated groups and the control group except for a marginal increase in the total protein in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg of the extract (60 g/L) compared with control (54.80 g/L). Histopathological examination showed alterations in the morphology of the liver and kidney in extract treated groups as compared to the control groups. Conclusion The findings have revealed that the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis should be used with caution especially during prolonged usage as the histology showed it has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials. Further studies will be done to establish the effects of the extract on white blood cells.

scholarly journals The Safety of Areca Seed Ethanolic Extract as Potential Chemopreventive Agent is Proven by Acute Toxicity Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Sri Handayani ◽  
Riris Istighfari Jenie ◽  
Ratna Asmah Susidarti
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Chemopreventive Agent ◽  
Areca Catechu

Areca (Areca catechu L.) seeds ethanolic extract (AE) exhibits antiproliferative activity and induces apoptosis on T47D and MCF-7 cells. This study aimed to verify AE safety using acute toxicity test to support its development as chemopreventive agent. Male Sprague Dawley Rat (Rattus norvegicus) age 8 weeks divided into five groups, one group of control treated with 0.5% CMC-Na only and four groups for treatment. Single dose in oral administration was done to test animal with various dose of AE starts from lowest dose to highest dose expected toxic to all of test animal (0.1; 0.72; 5.36 and 10 gram/kgBW). Observation was done during 24 hours and continued for 14 days. The observation criteria were toxic symptoms, appearance and mechanism of toxic effect and pathology of vital organ. Histopathology analysis of some vital organs was done with Haematoxyllin&Eosin (H&E) staining. Toxic effect did not appear either on treatment groups or control group. Treatment of single dose of areca ethanolic extract, even in highest dose, did not cause the death of the animals. Therefore, observation extended to 14 days and terminated by necroption of the animals. All of groups did not show histopathological alterations in microscopic observation. Category of the potential toxicity of AE is practically non-toxic, ie 10 g/kgBW. The result shows the safety of areca seed ethanolic extract which is important for its development as chemopreventive agent.Keywords: Areca catechu, acute toxicity, rat

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Testing of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) on Histopathological Imaging of the Lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ainge Rasbina Br Saragih ◽  
Fiska Maya Wardhani ◽  
Erny Tandanu ◽  
Rico Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Turmeric Extract

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is a type of plant whose extract contains compounds that can inhibit carcinogenesis. Acute toxicity test was conducted to determine the safe dose and lethal dose (LD) 50 from the use of a drug substance. This research aimed to determine the effect of the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on the histopathological imaging of the lungs. This study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 30 Wistar rats was divided into six groups. Data analysis was using one-way ANOVA statistical test, while for lung histopathology using ordinal data which were analyzed descriptively. In conclusion, the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on Wistar rats was not toxic and there was no death and no toxic symptoms and no necrosis, congestion and inflammation were found on the histopathological picture of the lungs.

scholarly journals The increase of blood creatinine levels and the gastric histopathology of rat after feeding of porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) flour treated with strobilantehes crispa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Veriani Aprilia ◽  
Retno Pangastuti
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Blood Creatinine

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Latar belakang: Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) meru[akan umbi asli Indonesia yang mengandung glucomannan. Glukomanan digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan makanan dan suplemen makanan bagi penderita diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, konstipasi dan penurunan berat badan. Namun, umbi porang mengandung kalsium oksalat yang menyebabkan gatal jika dikonsumsi oleh karena itu kesiapan persiapan yang tepat. Perendaman dari S. crispa in vivo  elah terbukti menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat. Namun, kelebihan konsumsi kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi ginjal, terutama pada laju flomerasi glomerulus (GFR) dan mempengaruhi kerja ginjal, yaitu penyerapan dan kreatinin fltrasi.</p><p>Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh porang orang dengan S. crispa (keji beling) terhadap kreatinin darah dan histopatologi lambung tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar pada uji toksisitas akut.<em><br /> </em>Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan experimental with one test group, without control group. Subjek 20 tikus Wistar betina putih (Rattus norvegicus) dengan berat 110-180 gram, usia 8 - 12 minggu, sehat, dan normal. Kelompok tikus dibagi menjadi Tepung Porang Murni (TPM) dan Tepung Porang dengan ekstrak etanol S. crispa (TPK). Setiap kelompok menggunakan dosis 2000 mg / kg berat badan (BW) dan 5000 mg / kgBB. Data kadar kreatinin dikumpulkan pada 24 dan 72 jam setelah makan juga dikonfirmasikan oleh tikus lambung. Analisis data menggunakan One-Way analysis of ariance (ANOVA).</p><p>Hasil: Jenis larutan dan frekuensi perendaman tidak berpengaruh pada kadar kalsium oksalat padatepung porang, sedangkan lama perendaman tidak memberi efek. Kadar kreatinin darah tikus meningkat setelah pemberian pakan Tepung Porang  urni (TPM) dan Tepung Porang  dengan Ekstraksi Keji Beling (TPK) dengan dosis 5000 mg/kgBB.</p><p>Kesimpulan: Pemberian tepung porang dengan perlakuan ekstrak S. crispa aman sampai dosis 5000 mg/kgBW. Ini terbukti dengan normalitas waktu di tingkat kadar kreatinin.</p><p><strong><em><br /> </em>KATA KUNCI:</strong> porang umbi, kalsium oksalat, rongga, kreatinin, uji toksisitas akut.<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber is the original Indonesian tuber containing glucomannan. Glucomannan is utilized as food additives and food supplements for people who have problems with diabetes, high blood pressure, constipation and weight loss. However, it contains calcium oxalate which causes itchy if it is consumed therefore itness appropriate preparation. Soaking of S. crispa in vivo has proven lowering the levels of calcium oxalate. However, the excess consumption of oxalate calcium can cause renal function disorders, especially at the </em><em>glomerular filtration rate (GFR)</em><em> </em><em>and affects the kidneys work, ie absorption and filtration creatinine.</em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong><em> The objective of this study is to know the influence of the porang flour with S. crispa (keji beling) on the level of blood creatinine and gastric histopathology of rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar on acute toxicity test.</em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> This research used experimental with one test group, without control group design. The subjects were 20 white female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with the weight of 110-180 grams, ages of 8 - 12 weeks, healthy, and normal. Rats were divided into. Native porang flour (TPM) and porang flour treated with ethanol extracts of S. crispa (TPK) groups. Each of groups used dosage  of 2000 mg / kg body weight (BW) and 5000 mg/kgBW. Data of creatininee levels were collected at 24<sup>th</sup> and 72<sup>nd</sup> hours after feeding was also confirmed by gastric rats. The data analysis was </em><em>used One-Way analysis  of variance (ANOVA) .</em><em></em></p><p><strong><em>Result</em></strong><strong><em>s:</em></strong><em> The type of solution and the frequency of soaking had no effect on calcium oxalate levels in the Porang, whereas the length of soaking is not giving an effect. Blood levels of creatinine rats enhanced after feeding of TPM and TPK. At the dosage of 5000 mg/kgBW.</em></p><p><strong><em>Conclusions: </em></strong>The feeding of porang flour treated with <em>S. crispa  </em>was safe until the dosage of 5000 mg/kgBW. It was proven by time normality in creatinine levels.</p><p> </p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong><em> porang tuber, calcium oxalate, cavity, creatinine, acute toxicity test.</em></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document