scholarly journals Kidney damage by COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4071-4074
Author(s):  
Uzma Mehreen ◽  
Ashiq Ali ◽  
Aisha Khatoon ◽  
Nishat Zafar ◽  
Qaisar Tanveer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Kidney Involvement ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Extracorporeal Support ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

Without doubt, there is some involvement of the kidney in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is responsible for multiple organ dysfunctions resulting in severe complications in the human body. This newly discovered COVID-19 has incited panic globally. However, the role of kidney involvement in the novel COVID-19 disease is still unclear. In this commentary, we discuss the various pathways involved in kidney damage by COVID-19, and the rationale for extracorporeal support with various blood purification strategies in critically ill people with COVID 19.

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2: A Doorway for SARS-CoV-2

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Pandey ◽  
Indu Lata Kanwar ◽  
Tanweer Haider ◽  
Vishal Gour ◽  
Monika Vishwakarma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic, as declared by WHO in March 2020 producing the deleterious effects to patients worldwide. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) has been recognized as the co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infections and may acts as a therapeutic step in blocking the enzyme to reduce SARS-CoV-2 expression and further cellular entry. Presently, the role of ACE-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been known and the experts have started working on the enzyme ACE-2 for the management and treatment of this pandemic disease. The binding of spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 to these receptors is the most important step and plays a key role in viral replication, thus this enzyme is becoming the doorway for the entry and spread in the human body causing asymptomatic pneumonia and severe of which is leading to death. As no specific method to prevent and treat this disease is available, the use of ACE-2 as a targeting ligand with COVID-19 virus spike protein could be helpful in the proper management of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

scholarly journals Role of Bala (Immunity) in Covid-19 Pandemic: An Ayurvedic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Gurav Vishal Prabhakar ◽  
Gannur Prasadshakti G
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The whole world is suffering from the disaster COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This novel Coronavirus is extremely contagious and in short span of time it has evolved as a serious hazard to humanity. COVID-19 usually affects people with low immunity responses. No Confirmed treatment is available yet to overcome against COVID-19. Strengthening the immunity of human body is the best option to restrict COVID-19 infection by. This Study is a small effort to enlighten the Ayurvedic broad Concept of Bala which has a direct relation with Ojus & Vyadhikshamatva. This Ayurvedic Concept has the potential to built strong immunity against COVID-19 which may be helpful in this battle against the current scenario of the Disastrous COVID‑19 pandemic for the survival of human beings.

SARS-COV2 virus and Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 977-982
Author(s):  
Mohamed J. Saadh ◽  
Bashar Haj Rashid M ◽  
Roa’a Matar ◽  
Sajeda Riyad Aldibs ◽  
Hala Sbaih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-COV2 virus causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The novel coronavirus (2019) was discovered in 2019 in Wuhan, the market of the wet animal, China with viral pneumonia cases and is life-threatening. Today, WHO announces COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. COVID-19 is likely to be zoonotic. It is transmitted from bats as intermediary animals to human. Also, the virus is transmitted from human to human who is in close contact with others. The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is nearly supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. The SARS-COV2 virus spreads faster than its two ancestors, the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), but has lower fatality. In this article, we aimed to summarize the transmission, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine to control the spread of this fatal disease.

The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wykowska ◽  
Jairo Pérez-Osorio ◽  
Stefan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.

scholarly journals Investigation of the genetic variation in ACE2 on the structural recognition by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyi Guo ◽  
Zhishan Chen ◽  
Yumin Xia ◽  
Weiqiang Lin ◽  
Hongzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Missense Variants ◽  
Catalytic Metal ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), through its surface spike glycoprotein (S-protein) recognition on the receptor Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in humans. However, it remains unclear how genetic variations in ACE2 may affect its function and structure, and consequently alter the recognition by SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We have systemically characterized missense variants in the gene ACE2 using data from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD; N = 141,456). To investigate the putative deleterious role of missense variants, six existing functional prediction tools were applied to evaluate their impact. We further analyzed the structural flexibility of ACE2 and its protein-protein interface with the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 using our developed Legion Interfaces Analysis (LiAn) program.Results: Here, we characterized a total of 12 ACE2 putative deleterious missense variants. Of those 12 variants, we further showed that p.His378Arg could directly weaken the binding of catalytic metal atom to decrease ACE2 activity and p.Ser19Pro could distort the most important helix to the S-protein. Another seven missense variants may affect secondary structures (i.e. p.Gly211Arg; p.Asp206Gly; p.Arg219Cys; p.Arg219His, p.Lys341Arg, p.Ile468Val, and p.Ser547Cys), whereas p.Ile468Val with AF = 0.01 is only present in Asian.Conclusions: We provide strong evidence of putative deleterious missense variants in ACE2 that are present in specific populations, which could disrupt the function and structure of ACE2. These findings provide novel insight into the genetic variation in ACE2 which may affect the SARS-CoV-2 recognition and infection, and COVID-19 susceptibility and treatment.

scholarly journals Arterial Hypertension as a Risk Comorbidity Associated with COVID-19 Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alexander Kamyshnyi ◽  
Inna Krynytska ◽  
Victoriya Matskevych ◽  
Mariya Marushchak ◽  
Oleh Lushchak
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Ace2 Gene

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing global public health challenge. Current clinical data suggest that, in COVID-19 patients, arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common cardiovascular comorbidities; it can worsen outcomes and increase the risk of admission to intensive care unit (ICU). The exact mechanisms through which AH contributes to the poor prognosis in COVID-19 are not yet clear. The putative relationship between AH and COVID-19 may be linked to the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key element of the AH pathophysiology. Another mechanism connecting AH and COVID-19 is the dysregulation of the immune system resulting in a cytokine storm, mediated by an imbalanced response of T helper cells subtypes. Therefore, it is essential to optimize blood pressure control in hypertensive patients and monitor them carefully for cardiovascular and other complications for the duration of COVID-19 infection. The question whether AH-linked ACE2 gene polymorphisms increase the risk and/or worsen the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection should also receive further consideration.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL THERAPIES FOR TREATMENT OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 062-071
Author(s):  
Beatriz Gasser ◽  
Ricardo Andres Ramirez Uscategui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Time Point

Since discovery of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in December of 2019, this viral pneumonia originated in Wuhan, China quickly spread around the world. This new disease, called COVID-19 can cause Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to an uncontrolled inflammatory response like sepsis, that leads to multiple organ failure and even death. Several pharmacotherapeutics alternatives are being tested over the world, looking for most diverse drugs that might be able to fight the infection. The objective of this paper is to review the main pharmacotherapeutics techniques development, as remdesivir, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir plus ritonavir, interferon-β, ivermectin, anticoagulants, convalescent plasma and vaccine, currently undergoing clinical trials in order to evaluate its effectiveness and safety to combat the COVID-19, presenting their characteristics, possible adverse effects and main scientific findings of its potential action. In conclusion, some therapies presented promising in-vitro results or in the treatment of some patients, nonetheless, multicentric blinded placebo controlled clinical trials are necessary to determine their effectiveness, safety, dosage, and best time point of treatment.

scholarly journals The Role of Dental Professionals in Pandemic Events and Disaster Responses

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Li ◽  
Bei Chang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emergency Responses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Dental Professionals

Abstract The past 20 years have seen major public health emergencies and natural disasters, including the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003; the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008; and the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) of 2019, which caused mass casualties, infections, and panic. These also resulted in complex demands for medical resources and information, and a shortage of human resources for emergency responses. To address the shortage of human resources required for these emergency responses, Chinese dental professionals made useful contributions. From this work, deficiencies in emergency response training and opportunities for the expansion of rescue capabilities were identified, and relevant recommendations made.

scholarly journals The Swedish paradox explained? Investigating the role of economic inequality and risk perceptions in the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nate Breznau ◽  
Lisa Heukamp ◽  
Hung Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Linear Association ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Economic inequality is understood as a country-level risk factor that increases the spread of infectious diseases. The Novel Coronavirus presents somewhat contradictory evidence of this because the most equal countries in the world experienced deaths per capita as high as the most unequal. We label this the ‘Swedish paradox’. We theorize that inequality has a non-linear association with disease spread because of risk perceptions among the public. Risk perceptions that are extreme in either direction – toward nonchalance or outright panic – lead to behaviors that increase infection1. Highly equal countries like Sweden had very low risk perceptions at the beginning of the pandemic and this may have led to individual and public actions that increase infection risk. To test this, we modeled the role of economic inequality on infection through the mediating role of risk perceptions in April, in 74 countries. We measured the intensity of the outbreak and government interventions in March as key predictors of risk perceptions. This lets us identify ‘over’ or ‘under’ concern and whether these extremes in the distribution of risk perceptions predicts infection increase in May, measured as death rates with an 18-day lead. We find that inequality has a large linear association with risk perceptions in April (0.50 as a standardized [beta] coefficient). We find that risk perceptions in April have a moderate association with infection increase in May (0.24 beta) and these effects are non-linear. Societies below a disposable income inequality Gini of around 31 were prone to slightly more infection in May as a function of less inequality, whereas societies above 31 were prone to much more infection as a function of more inequality, all else equal. This offers some clarification of the Swedish paradox; however, the biggest effects of inequality on infection occur at the upper end of the distribution meaning inequality is only a small piece of this puzzle.

scholarly journals The Role of Herbal and Nutritional Treatments in the Fight against COVID-19 and Other Respiratory Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Aline El Zakhem ◽  
May Annie Chalhoub ◽  
Maya Bassil
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Tract Infections

With the growing spread of COVID-19 worldwide, the appeal to alternative and nutritional therapies in conjunction with medical therapies has been heightened. This article aims to review studies assessing the roles of Chinese traditional medicine and nutrition in upper respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Various Chinese herbal protocols have been shown to fight respiratory infections, with several having been tested on the novel coronavirus. Additionally, promising findings have been reported when medical treatments were complemented with nutritional interventions. Supplementation with vitamins C and D, Zinc and Selenium are discussed, in addition to certain phytochemicals and food that also possess immunoregulatory and antiviral properties. Further clinical studies are needed to establish these alternative treatments as part of the management of emerging respiratory infections.

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