MECHANICS OF RESPIRATION IN BRONCHIOLITIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Pulmonary Hyperinflation ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
Measured Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Data on the pressure-flow-volume relationships in bronchiolitis were obtained by recording simultaneously tidal volumes and esophageal pressures per unit of time in 24 infants with bronchiolitis. All infants had acute pulmonary hyperinflation. The values for dynamic compliance were markedly decreased. The decrease is presumably caused by unequal ventilation at high respiratory frequencies and by the increased retractive force active in a previously normal lung at a high level of inflation. The mean tidal volume/m2 was lower and the mean minute volume/m2 higher than normal. Expiratory flow was rapid and expiration shorter than inspiration in most cases. The mean expiratory resistance was lower than the mean inspiratory resistance and below normal when compared with the values of 24 normal infants. The mean combined resistance was in the normal range. Judging from known anatomical changes in bronchiolitis, an elevated combined resistance had been expected. The finding of low values for resistance can be explained by Otis' theory of the "equality of time constants," i.e., when flow is rapid in a system of unequally obstructed airways, the measured resistance will approximate that in the larger airways. It thus appears that the measurement of resistance in the common pathway does in certain conditions not represent the true resistance in the peripherie, particularly not the resistance of the more severely affected branches. It is suggested that the finding of a short expiratory phase is caused by the increased elastic recoil, which distends the airways at high lung volumes and consequently facilitates flow in those bronchioles which are only minimally involved by the disease process. Flow in the more severely obstructed bronchioles will decrease when a given pressure is greater than that necessary for maximal flow. It appears that the measured flow in the present cases with bronchiolitic pulmonary hyperinflation is not representative of over-all effective flow as indicated by the findings of paradoxically low values for resistance.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

The way of value of Correlation of genomic DNA microsatellite loci and live weight of Chukchi reindeer

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
V. Dodokhov ◽  
N. Pavlova ◽  
T. Rumyantseva ◽  
L. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

The article presents the genetic characteristic of the Chukchi reindeer breed. The object of the study was of the Chukchi reindeer. In recent years, the number of reindeer of the Chukchi breed has declined sharply. Reduced reindeer numbers could lead to biodiversity loss. The Chukchi breed of deer has good meat qualities, has high germination viability and is adapted in adverse tundra conditions of Yakutia. Herding of the Chukchi breed of deer in Yakutia are engaged only in the Nizhnekolymsky district. There are four generic communities and the largest of which is the agricultural production cooperative of nomadic tribal community «Turvaurgin», which was chosen to assess the genetic processes of breed using microsatellite markers: Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276. It was found that microsatellite markers have a wide range of alleles and generally have a high informative value for identifying of genetic differences between animals and groups of animal. The number of identified alleles is one of the indicators of the genetic diversity of the population. The total number of detected alleles was 127. The Chukchi breed of deer is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity, and the random crossing system prevails over inbreeding in the population. On average, there were 7.9 alleles (Na) per locus, and the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) was 4.1. The index of fixation averaged 0.001. The polymorphism index (PIC) ranged from 0.217 to 0.946, with an average of 0.695.

scholarly journals AB0189 LIPOPROTEIN ABNORMALITIES IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1119.1-1119
Author(s):  
L. Nacef ◽  
Y. Besbes ◽  
Y. Mabrouk ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
K. Maatallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Patient Consent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Background:The lipid paradox is termed the decreased cholesterol level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, the apolipoprotein levels are usually higher than a healthy person and are predictors of cardiovascular events.Objectives:We aimed to describe lipid abnormalities in RA patients and to look for predictor factors of these changes.Methods:The prospective study was carried out on patients with RA who met the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria. These patients were followed in the rheumatology department of the Kassab Institute.We collected the socio-demographic data, biological and immunological parameters.The lipid assessment included: a measurement of total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL, and triglycerides (TG). Lipoproteins APOA1 and APOB were measured. All data were collected after patient consent.Results:Of the 47 patients recruited, 78.7% were female. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The average RA progressed from 86.25 ±63 months [5-288] and was erosive in 81.6% of cases. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of patients, and citrullinated antipeptide antibodies (ACPA) were present in 62.2%. Eight patients had a previous CV history.Mean TC was 4.42 ±1.3 [1.2-7.58], mean HDL was 1.38 ±0.73 [0.18-4.10], mean LDL was 2.55 ±1.16 [0.24-5.54]. The mean TG value was 1.28 ±0.6 [0.24-5.54]. TC elevation was found in 9.1% of cases, HDL in 21.3% of cases, LDL in 5.5% of cases, and TG in 16.4% of cases. Mean APOB/APOA1 ratio was 0.67 ±0.18 [0,46-1,11]. LDL elevation was associated to a high DAS28 (p=0.06, r=0.512). APOA1 was associated to a low DAS28 (p=0.04, r=-0.642).The mean value of APO A1 was 1.36 ±0.21 [0.84-1.81], that of APOB was 0.90 ±0.22 [0.58-1.40]. APOA1 values were lower in patients with high-level LDL (p=0.767). The APOB value was associated with lipid disturbance without significant correlation (p=0.291).Conclusion:Lipid test abnormalities can be found in RA patients outside of any known CV risk factors. APOA1 seems to have a protective effect. Screening and treatment of these abnormalities can prevent CV risk.References:[1]Miguel Bernardes and al. Coronary artery calcium score in female rheumatoid arthritis patients: Associations with apolipoproteins and disease biomarkers. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;00:1–16.[2]Anna So dergren and al. Biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. PLOS ONE. August 5, 2019.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The Problems and Needs of Patients Diagnosed with Cancer and Their Caregivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Anna Lewandowska ◽  
Grzegorz Rudzki ◽  
Tomasz Lewandowski ◽  
Sławomir Rudzki
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Patients Experience

(1) Background: As the literature analysis shows, cancer patients experience a variety of different needs. Each patient reacts differently to the hardships of the illness. Assessment of needs allows providing more effective support, relevant to every person’s individual experience, and is necessary for setting priorities for resource allocation, for planning and conducting holistic care, i.e., care designed to improve a patient’s quality of life in a significant way. (2) Patients and Methods: A population survey was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Cancer patients, as well as their caregivers, received an invitation to take part in the research, so their problems and needs could be assessed. (3) Results: The study involved 800 patients, 78% women and 22% men. 66% of the subjects were village residents, while 34%—city residents. The mean age of patients was 62 years, SD = 11.8. The patients received proper treatment within the public healthcare. The surveyed group of caregivers was 88% women and 12% men, 36% village residents and 64% city residents. Subjects were averagely 57 years old, SD 7.8. At the time of diagnosis, the subjects most often felt anxiety, despair, depression, feelings of helplessness (46%, 95% CI: 40–48). During illness and treatment, the subjects most often felt fatigued (79%, 95% CI: 70–80). Analysis of needs showed that 93% (95% CI: 89–97) of patients experienced a certain level of need for help in one or more aspects. (4) Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with cancer have a high level of unmet needs, especially in terms of psychological support and medical information. Their caregivers also experience needs and concerns regarding the disease. Caregivers should be made aware of the health consequences of cancer and consider appropriate supportive care for their loved ones.

scholarly journals The fate of Si and Fe while nuclear glass alters with steel and clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carriere ◽  
P. Dillmann ◽  
S. Gin ◽  
D. Neff ◽  
L. Gentaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Glass Dissolution ◽  
A Value ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Controlling Mechanism ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Initial Dissolution Rate

AbstractThe French concept developed to dispose high-level radioactive waste in geological repository relies on glassy waste forms, isolated from the claystone host rock by steel containers. Understanding interactions between glass and surrounding materials is key for assessing the performance of a such system. Here, isotopically tagged SON68 glass, steel and claystone were studied through an integrated mockup conducted at 50 °C for 2.5 years. Post-mortem analyses were performed from nanometric to millimetric scales using TEM, STXM, ToF-SIMS and SEM techniques. The glass alteration layer consisted of a crystallized Fe-rich smectite mineral, close to nontronite, supporting a dissolution/reprecipitation controlling mechanism for glass alteration. The mean glass dissolution rate ranged between 1.6 × 10−2 g m−2 d−1 to 3.0 × 10−2 g m−2 d−1, a value only 3–5 times lower than the initial dissolution rate. Thermodynamic calculations highlighted a competition between nontronite and protective gel, explaining why in the present conditions the formation of a protective layer is prevented.

Respiratory mechanics in supine subjects during progressive partial curarization

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Gal ◽  
N. S. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Progressive Muscle Weakness ◽  
Inspiratory Resistance ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Partial Curarization

Respiratory mechanics were studied in six supine conscious volunteers during progressive muscle weakness produced by infusion of d-tubocurarine. Partial curarization was carried out to the point of abolishing head lift ability and handgrip strength. At all levels of partial paralysis, expiratory muscle strength was significantly more impaired than inspiratory strength. Despite this, subjects maintained relatively normal maximal expiratory flow rates, whereas inspiratory flows decreased significantly. The diminished inspiratory flows are not fully explained by decreased driving pressures during force inspiration, since inspiratory resistance increased significantly with the decreased flow. Inspiratory flow patterns suggest a variable extrathoracic obstruction most likely due to the absence of normal airway abductor activity during inspiration. Maximal respiratory muscle weakness decreased forced vital capacity by 29% and total lung capacity by 15%. The decreased level of lung inflation did not alter lung elastic recoil. Functional residual capacity was unchanged, but inspiratory capacity decreased by 25% and residual volume increased by 38%. These changes are in accord with predictions based on the decreased muscle strength and normal respiratory system recoil.

scholarly journals 24-Hour Measurement of Gastric pH in Rural South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair M. Sammon ◽  
Eugene J. Ndebia ◽  
Ekambaram Umapathy ◽  
Jehu E. Iputo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ambulatory Monitoring ◽  
Duodenogastric Reflux ◽  
Lower Oesophageal Sphincter ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Night Time ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
High Level

Background. Previous studies have established norms of 24-hour gastric pH profiles for western countries. This study was designed to establish the pattern for a rural African population with a high incidence of oesophageal cancer.Methods. After lower oesophageal manometry a probe was placed 10 cm distal to the lower oesophageal sphincter. We carried out 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of gastric pH on 59 healthy subjects. This was satisfactorily completed on 26 female and 18 male (age 21–64, median 35) subjects in the Transkei region of South Africa.Results. The mean 24 hour gastric pH was 2.84 and the mean night-time pH was 3.7. 40 volunteers recorded a night-time pH reaching over 4. 33 volunteers recorded a night-time pH over 7. Night-time alkalinisation was present for 136.4 minutes (25th centile 22.8, 75th centile 208.1) at pH4 or over, and 79.3 (2.5, 122.7) minutes at pH7 or over. Episodes of rapid alkaline rise were 17 (10, 47). 21.1% of these occurred while supine. 35 of 36 tested subjects were positive forH. pyloriIgG.Conclusion. Gastric alkalinisation is common in Transkei, at a higher pH than that reported in other studies, and is sustained longer. Nighttime alkalinisation is frequent. This suggests a high level of duodenogastric reflux.

An Observed Tropical Oceanic Radiative–Convective Cloud Feedback

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 2065-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Lebsock ◽  
Christian Kummerow ◽  
Graeme L. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Cloud Feedback ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Large Spatial Scale ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Abstract Anomalies of precipitation, cloud, thermodynamic, and radiation variables are analyzed on the large spatial scale defined by the tropical oceans. In particular, relationships between the mean tropical oceanic precipitation anomaly and radiative anomalies are examined. It is found that tropical mean precipitation is well correlated with cloud properties and radiative fields. In particular, the tropical mean precipitation anomaly is positively correlated with the top of the atmosphere reflected shortwave anomaly and negatively correlated with the emitted longwave anomaly. The tropical mean relationships are found to primarily result from a coherent oscillation of precipitation and the area of high-level cloudiness. The correlations manifest themselves radiatively as a modest decrease in net downwelling radiation at the top of the atmosphere, and a redistribution of energy from the surface to the atmosphere through reduced solar radiation to the surface and decreased longwave emission to space. Integrated over the tropical oceanic domain, the anomalous atmospheric column radiative heating is found to be about 10% of the magnitude of the anomalous latent heating. The temporal signature of the radiative heating is observed in the column mean temperature that indicates a coherent phase-lagged oscillation between atmospheric stability and convection. These relationships are identified as a radiative–convective cloud feedback that is observed on intraseasonal time scales in the tropical atmosphere.

scholarly journals Agreeing in assessment of hyperactivity in children

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spela Golubovic ◽  
Tatjana Tubic
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
School Age ◽  
Category Labels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Attention Level

Introduction The study analyzes the accuracy and agreeability in evaluating hyperactivity in children. Material and methods The study sample was made of 139 children of pre-school age who participated in organized forms of physical activity. The mean age in the sample was 6.38, with a standard deviation of 1.00 years. Conner's Rating Scale was used to measure hyperactivity, and tests were also conducted to evaluate attention levels. Four independent reviewers observed each child's behavior by completing the scale. Results and discussion Eighteen children, or 13.5 percent of the sample, were identified as hyperactive in the analysis. These children also scored lower in the attention level tests. The results of the study show a correlation between the evaluators to be relatively high, bearing in mind the sources' independence. Conclusion It can be concluded that there is a mid to high-level correlation between certain reviewers' evaluations. However, even with a clearly defined view on categorizing certain behaviors as problematic, category labels still differ among evaluators.

Relationship of Spiritual well-being and emotional intelligence among Iranian' nursing students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634-1640
Author(s):  
Javad Jafari ◽  
Asra Nassehi ◽  
Mohammadali Zareez ◽  
Seydamalek Dadkhah ◽  
Najmeh Saberi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Religious Wellbeing

Background: Among all aspects of nursing care, the spiritual one is the issue that has received little attention. Having spiritual wellbeing (SWB) is a necessity to provide appropriate spiritual care. In addition to, the Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the most important factors in social and professional success and is essential for effective nursing practice. Therefore, aim of study was evaluating the Relationship between SWB and EI among nursing students. Methods: The sample of this descriptive-analytic study consisted of 136 nursing students studying at Bam University of Medical Sciences selected by convenience sampling method. The Bradberry and Greaves 28-item EI scale, Palutzian and Ellison SWB Scale were used to assess the total score of EI and SWB. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA with SPSS v18. Results: The mean score of SWB and EI were 97.1±11.56 and 123.4 + 123.6, respectively. The mean score dimensions of SWB include (religious wellbeing 47.9±6.6, existential wellbeing 49.1±5.7) and dimensions EI: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management were 27.2 3 3.2, 36.2 2 5.4, 25.1 + 3.5 and 35.1 + 4.5, respectively. The majority of students have reported moderate level SWB and high level of emotional intelligence. The factors influencing their level of SWB were academic semester and age (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the level of students' EI and SWB were at a desirable level in this study, due to the nature of nursing and the interaction between nurses and patients, providing a suitable learning environment for the development of EI is essential. Therefore, it is suggested that nursing policymakers should develop appropriate educational programs for nurses and provide curriculum for students to promote their knowledge and skills. Keywords: spiritual, religious, wellbeing, existential, nursing, emotional intelligence

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