Zen Macrobiotic Dietary Problems in Infancy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-329
Author(s):  
John R. K. Robson ◽  
J. E. Konlande ◽  
F. A. Larkin ◽  
P. A. O'Connor ◽  
Hsi-Yen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Supplementary Foods

Two infants fed Kokoh, a Zen macrobiotic food mixture comprising cereal grains, legumes, and oil seeds, for a period of several months weighed 4.96 kg and 5.81 kg at 7 and 13 months of age, respectively. Kokoh formulas were evaluated by computation using food composition tables and chemical analysis. The computed energy value of Kokoh was within 3% of that measured by calorimetry. The daily intake of energy by the infants from Kokoh and other supplementary foods was about 400 Calories. This represents only 40% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (R.D.A.) for the United States. The estimated protein intake was 11 gm for one child, and 13 gm for the other. The quality of the Kokoh protein as determined by computation was adequate for growth, but the analytical data suggested that the amino acid pattern was poor. The unsatisfactory nature of the formulas given to the infants was due to excessive dilution. There is a need for more definitive data on the feasibility of feeding infants Kokoh and similar foods, at a concentration that will meet energy needs. Further information is required on the amino acid content of plant foods used for infant feeding. Until more is known about feeding infants on plant food proteins, infants and children fed Kokoh should be kept under strict surveillance.

Corrigendum

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Content Volume ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Soybean Association ◽  
Nutritional Factors

Clarke, E. J. and Wiseman, J. Developments in plant breeding for improved nutritional quality of soya beans I. Protein and amino acid content. Volume 134, part 2, pp. 111–124.Clarke, E. J. and Wiseman, J. Developments in plant breeding for improved nutritional quality of soya beans II. Anti-nutritional factors. Volume 134, part 2, pp. 125–136.The following was omitted from both papers:ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors are grateful to the United States Soybean Board/American Soybean Association, Dalgety Feed Ltd., Finn Feed International and Pioneer Hi-Bred International for their support.

Plant Fiber Intake in the Pediatric Diet

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575
Author(s):  
Lewis A. Barness ◽  
Peter R. Daliman ◽  
Homer Anderson ◽  
Platon Jack Collipp ◽  
Buford L. Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Base Hydrolysis ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Food Composition Tables

Dietary fiber has been defined as the part of material in foods impervious to the degradative enzymes of the human digestive tract. The dietary fiber of plants is comprised of carbohydrate compounds including cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums, mucilages, and a noncarbohydrate substance, lignin. These substances, which form the structure of plants, are present in the cell walls of all parts including the leaf, stern, root, and seed.1 Animal tissue also contains indigestible substances. Crude fiber and dietary fiber are not the same thing. Crude fiber refers to the residue left after strong acid and base hydrolysis of plant material. This process dissolves the pectin, gums, mucilages, and most of the hemicellulose and mainly is a measure of the cellulose and lignin content. Clearly, this method tends to underestimate the total amount of fiber in the food.1 Most food composition tables give only crude fiber values. Current interest in fiber was stimulated by the suggestion that it might help to prevent certain diseases common in the United States, namely diverticular disease, cancer of the colon, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and coronary heart disease.2-4 African blacks in rural areas where the fiber intake was high rarely had these diseases; however, during the past 20 years as this population moved to the cities and adopted Western habits (including a Western diet), they began to suffer from the same "Western-type" diseases. A high-fiber diet increases fecal bulk, produces softer, more frequent stools, and decreases transit time through the intestine.5 These factors may be responsible for the supposed beneficial effects of fiber.

Development of high protein soybean experimental lines with enhanced sulfur amino acid content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alaa Alaswad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Line ◽  
Modest Improvement

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Soybean is one of the most important field crops grown in the United States. Commercial soybeans contain about 36 - 40% protein and 18 - 20% oil, by dry weight. Most of the soybean produced in the U.S. is utilized for oil production and animal feed. Even though soybean is a rich source of protein for livestock and humans, the nutritional quality of soybean can be further enhanced if the concentration of sulfur containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine, can be increased. Previously, our lab has employed transgenic approaches to increase the nutritive value of soybean by expressing heterologous sulfur-rich seed proteins and by manipulating the sulfur assimilatory pathway. Even though modest improvement in the nutritive value has been obtained by these approaches, till now no high yielding soybean cultivars with high protein and high sulfur amino acid content has been developed. Such cultivars will be of great value for the agricultural industry especially in animal feed. In this study, I have crossed a South Korean high protein soybean line (Lee5) with a transgenic soybean line with elevated sulfur amino acid content (CS) and developed soybean experimental lines that were advanced to F4:5 seeds. Theses experimental lines exhibit both high protein and high sulfur amino acid content. The protein content of their seeds has been increased 8 to 14% while their oil content has decreased 5 to 7% when compared with CS. Furthermore, I have successfully introduced the cytosolic isoform of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase (OASS), the overexpressed transgene, from CS into these crosses. The activity of OASS has been increased 5 to 20-fold in experimental lines when compared to Lee5.

Amino Acid Content and In Vitro Protein Quality of Different Corn Varieties

1985 ◽  
pp. 421-437
Author(s):  
Samy Fangus Sharobeem ◽  
Radomir Lásztity ◽  
Máté Hidvégi ◽  
András Salgó ◽  
Livia Simon-Sarkadi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Vitro Protein

scholarly journals Nutrient intake and dietary patterns of relevance to dental health of 12-year-old Libyan children

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmia Huew ◽  
Anne Maguire ◽  
Paula Waterhouse ◽  
Paula Moynihan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Daily Energy

AbstractObjectiveThere are few data on the dietary intake of children in Libya, and none on free sugars intake. The present study aimed to report the intake of macronutrients and eating habits of relevance to dental health in a group of Libyan schoolchildren and to investigate any gender differences for these variables.DesignDietary information was obtained from a randomly selected sample using an estimated 3 d food diary. Dietary data were coded using food composition tables and entered into a Microsoft® Access database. Intakes of energy, macronutrients, sugars and the amount of acidic items consumed were determined using purpose-written programs.SettingBenghazi, Libya.SubjectsSchoolchildren aged 12 years.ResultsOne hundred and eighty children (ninety-two boys and eighty-eight girls) completed the study. Their mean age was 12·3 (sd 0·29) years. The average daily energy intake was 7·01 (sd 1·54) MJ/d. The percentage contributions to energy intake from protein, fat and carbohydrate were 16 %, 30 % and 54 %, respectively. Total sugars contributed 20·4 % of the daily energy intake, and free sugars 12·6 %. The median daily intake of acidic items was 203 g/d, and of acidic drinks was 146 g/d. There were no statistically significant differences in nutrient intakes between genders. Intake of acidic items was higher in girls (P < 0·001).ConclusionsThe contribution to energy intake from macronutrients was in accordance with global nutrition guidelines. The acidic drinks intake was low compared with other populations, while free sugars intake was above the recommended threshold of 10 % of energy intake.

scholarly journals The impact of voluntary fortification of foods on micronutrient intakes in Irish adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. Hannon ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to quantify the impact of the voluntary fortification of foods on dietary intakes of vitamins and minerals of Irish adults. Foods that were voluntarily fortified were identified and pre- and post-fortification levels of micronutrients were determined from data supplied by manufacturers and food composition tables. Using food consumption data in 1379 adults aged 18–64 years, estimated using a 7-d food diary during the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey, intakes of micronutrients were determined, both including and excluding the fortification component in foods. Of approximately 3000 foods recorded as consumed, 1·9 % were fortified, mainly breakfast cereals and beverages. Median micronutrient content of fortified foods (FF) ranged from 18–33 % EC RDA per typical serving. Among consumers (65 % of men, 68 % of women), FF contributed, on average, 3·9 % (men) and 5·0 % (women) to mean daily intake (MDI) of energy. Relative to their contribution to MDI of energy, FF contribute a greater % MDI for Fe (men 16, women 19), folate (men 18, women 21), vitamins B1(men 14, women 16), B2(men 16, women 18), B6(men 12, women 15), D (men 5, women 11), B12(men 5, women 7) and niacin (men 10, women 12). Fortification significantly improved the adequacy of intake of some micronutrients, particularly of riboflavin, folate, vitamin D and Fe in women and did not contribute to an increased risk of adverse effects from excessive intake of any micronutrient.

Diversity for vitamin and amino acid content in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Lathyrus Sativus L

This study was conducted to determine vitamin A, B, C, b-carotene and amino acid profile in 18 genotypes and four grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) varieties which have low b-ODAP. Present results indicated that retinol, b-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothene, pyridoxine, folic acid and ascorbic acid ranged from 25.6 to 44.1 µg/kg; 240.8 to 410.1 µg/kg, 3.74 to 5.44; 1.86 to 2.76; 12.37 to 20.25; 14.43 to 22.41; 4.92 to 6.62; 4.04 to 6.77 and 33.4 to 58.2 mg/kg, respectively in seeds. In addition to, the amino acid profile of the genotypes differed significantly and total amino acid amounts were found to be 19.69 to 23.48 g/100 g seeds. A large and significant variation was observed among these genotypes with low b-ODAP content in respect to the quality of the nutrient content. This variability will be useful to breeders for utilization in grass pea improvement.

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