Asymptomatic Viral Hepatitis Types A and B in an Adolescent Population

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026-1030
Author(s):  
Edward Tabor ◽  
Richard Jones ◽  
Robert J. Gerety ◽  
Jacques A. Drucker ◽  
A. R. Colon
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient Use

Sera from 95 adolescents were examined for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. HBV markers were found in eight adolescents (8%) and evidence of previous HAV infection was found in 18 adolescetits (19%); none had a history of clinically recognizable hepatitis. These findings support the growing evidence that HBV and HAV infections are diseases of the pediatric age group, amid that testing of HBV vaccines when they become available for patient use will have to include a pediatric population.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological profile of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus co-infection in pediatric age group: a hospital based retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Handa ◽  
Sanober Wasim ◽  
B. P. Kalra ◽  
Anil Rawat ◽  
Vipan Chandar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

Background: Hepatitis-A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are two major hepatotropic viruses of great public health importance in the developing countries like India. Both HAV and HEV are enterically transmitted and there are speculations that their co-infection might be associated with a more severe clinical course and increased rate of mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence, clinical features and biochemical parameters of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E co-infection in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care centre in Uttarakhand.Methods: It is a retrospective study, covering a period of 4years and conducted in Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, SRHU Jolly Grant, Dehradun. Records of the patients with Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E co-infection were retrieved and analyzed.Results: Out of total 125 patients of acute viral hepatitis, 13 patients had HAV and HEV co-infection. 100% of the patients with co-infection presented with complaints of fever and jaundice, followed by 76.92% with vomiting, 69.23% with pruritis, 61.53% with pain in abdomen and 23.07% with altered sensorium. Mean Bilirubin, ALT, AST were 8.69±7.27 mg/dl, 2030.69±1726.93IU/L and 1880.07±1881.11IU/L respectively. Average duration of stay was 8.2 days. Encephalopathy was seen in 2 patients. However, no mortality was reported.Conclusions: Co-infection of HAV and HEV is not rare in pediatric age group. Knowledge about this will be of immense help for planning of future vaccination strategies and for better sanitation program in developing countries like India.

scholarly journals Incidence of steroid modified tinea in pediatric age group at tertiary centre in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Savita Chaudhary ◽  
Chandni Jain ◽  
Gaurav Paliwal ◽  
Priyanka Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
North India ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Atypical Form ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Common Variety

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Uncontrolled use and abuse of topical steroids has led to increase in number of cases of superficial dermatophytosis of skin, hair and nail in pediatric age group as well. Our study aimed to analyse epidemiological and microbiological profile of steroid modified tinea (SMT) in pediatric age group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Clinically diagnosed tinea childhood patients with history of usage of topical steroids in children were included in our study. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination along with KOH mount and culture was done.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 112 patients were clinically diagnosed as tinea out of which 61cases gave the history of topical steroids and were included in our study. Most common age group was 12-18 years with female:male of ratio approximately 3:1 and disseminated and atypical form was the most common variety. KOH mount was positive in 73.2% cases and culture was positive in 69.6% cases. Most common species found out to be <em>Tinea mentagrophytes</em> followed by <em>Tinea rubrum</em>. Among non-dermatophyte group, <em>Candida</em> was the commonest.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is rise in incidence of dermatophytosis, especially steroid modified, atypical and disseminated.</p>

Medical and Nursing Students with Suboptimal Protective Immunity against Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna D. Pavlopoulou ◽  
George L. Daikos ◽  
Andreas Tzivaras ◽  
Evangelos Bozas ◽  
Chris Kosmidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Vaccination History ◽  
History Of

Objectives.Medical and nursing students (hereafter referred to as “healthcare students”) are at risk of contracting and transmitting infectious diseases in a hospital Setting. The aim of our study was to evaluate the vaccination history of healthcare students and their serologic immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases.Design.Prospective cohort study.Setting.A tertiary care children's hospital in Athens, Greece, which is affiliated with the University of Athens.Methods.Healthcare students were recruited during April through November 2007. The information obtained from these students during personal interviews included demographics and whether there was a history of varicella, measles, mumps, rubella, and/or hepatitis A or B virus infection. Vaccination history and documentation of disease were abstracted from available medical records. Serum antibodies against the above-mentioned viral agents were determined by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seronegative students and those with immunization gaps were referred to local vaccination clinics, and compliance was assessed 3 months later.Results.A total of 187 healthcare students were recruited, 131 (70.1%) of whom provided complete documentation of vaccination history. Adequate immunity against diphtheria and tetanus was documented for 55 (37.2%) and 73 (49.3%) of the 148 participants, respectively, whereas age-appropriate vaccination against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, and poliomyelitis was noted for 138 (93.2%), 147 (99.3%), 147 (99.3%), and 147 (99.3%) healthcare students, respectively. Of 185 healthcare students, 171 (92.4%) were immune to varicella. Of 182 healthcare students, 179 (98.4%) were immune to measles, 163 (89.6%) were immune to mumps, and 176 (96.7%) were immune to rubella. Of 179 healthcare students, 151 (84.4%) were immune to hepatitis B virus. Of 178 healthcare students, 26 (14.6%) were immune to hepatitis A virus. Antibodies (10 IU/L or higher) to hepatitis B surface antigen were detected for 151 (84.4%) of 179 healthcare students, and antibodies (10 IU/L or higher) to hepatitis A virus were detected for 26 (14.6%) of 178 healthcare students. Fewer than 30% of participants were in full compliance with recommended vaccinations.Conclusions.We have determined that there is a certain proportion of healthcare students who are susceptible to certain vaccine-preventable diseases. The development of an appropriate vaccination strategy is required to decrease the risk of transmission in a hospital setting.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Hepatitis A and B Virus Among Clients at a Syringe Services Program in Philadelphia, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-699
Author(s):  
Mary Figgatt ◽  
Jack Hildick-Smith ◽  
Eman Addish ◽  
Jennie Coleman ◽  
José Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Recommendations ◽  
B Virus ◽  
History Of

Objectives Although many people who use drugs meet criteria for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), estimates of susceptibility (ie, lack of immunity) are not well established. This study sought to identify the prevalence of and characteristics associated with HAV and HBV susceptibility among people who use drugs attending an urban syringe services program. Methods We initiated this seroprevalence study in 2018 among 438 clients of a syringe services program who met study criteria, including provision of a blood specimen and a self-reported history of drug use. We assessed HAV and HBV susceptibility and infection via serological testing. We examined associations between participant characteristics and serology status by using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression models. Results Of the initial 438 clients identified, 353 (80.6%) met study criteria. Of 352 participants with conclusive HAV test results, 48.6% (n = 171) were HAV susceptible; of 337 participants with conclusive HBV test results, 32.6% (n = 110) were HBV susceptible, 24.3% (n = 82) showed evidence of past or present HBV infection, and 43.0% (n = 145) had vaccine-derived immunity. Compared with participants born before 1970, participants born during 1980-1989 had 5.90 (95% CI, 2.42-14.40) times the odds of HAV susceptibility and 0.18 (95% CI, 0.06-0.53) times the odds of HBV susceptibility, and participants born during 1990-1999 had 6.31 (95% CI, 2.34-17.00) times the odds of HAV susceptibility. Decreased odds of HAV susceptibility were associated with homelessness (adjusted odds ratio = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.28-0.82). Conclusion Despite applicable HAV and HBV vaccination recommendations, substantial gaps exist in HAV and HBV susceptibility among a population of people who use drugs. These findings highlight the need for increased HAV and HBV vaccination efforts among people who use drugs.

Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of medically resistant reentrant supraventricular tachycardia in an infant

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-102
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Case ◽  
Paul C. Gillette ◽  
C. Osborne Shuler
Keyword(s):  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Supraventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

SummaryThe feasibility and efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation of medically resistant supraventricular tachycardia is a promising technique with applications in the pediatric age group. The limitations of this procedure in the pediatric population, however, have yet to be delineated. We herein report a case of incessant reentrant supraventricular tachycardia in a two month old infant which was resistant to pharmacologic therapy, yet successfully treated by radiofrequency catheter ablation.

Testosterone- and Cortisol-secreting Oncocytic Adrenocortical Adenoma in the Pediatric Age-group

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam K Al Badi ◽  
Ibrahim Al-Alwan ◽  
Mohammed Al-Dubayee ◽  
Ayed Al-Anzi ◽  
Maram S Al Turki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenoma ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

Oncocytic tumors are epithelial neoplasms that occur in various organs, including adrenal glands. Oncocytic adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas are uncommon but well-known pathological entities in adults. However, generally oncocytic tumors, particularly in the adrenal glands, are very rare in the pediatric age-group. Most oncocytic adrenal tumors are not functional. We present a rare case of right-sided, functional oncocytic adrenocortical adenoma in a 5-year-old boy, who presented with clinical manifestations of precocious puberty and Cushing syndrome. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy showed a well-defined mass weighing 8.4 g and measuring 3 cm in maximum dimension. Histological examination demonstrated no features suggestive of aggressive biological behavior. The patient showed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease and continued to have normal serum hormonal levels 28 months following the surgery. In this report, we discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of this rare pathological entity and briefly review the literature on functional oncocytic adrenal tumors in the pediatric population.

scholarly journals Unusual Cases of Syncope in the Pediatric Age Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Riti Bhalla ◽  
Chantal Soobhanath ◽  
Sarah Celebi ◽  
Manoj Chhabra ◽  
Pramod Narula
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rule Out

Syncope is common in the pediatric population and occurs in up to 15 percent of children prior to the end of adolescence. While the etiology of syncope in children is often benign and the majority of cases can be explained by isolated changes in vasomotor tone, a thorough evaluation is warranted to rule out more serious, life-threatening causes of syncope. Here, we present three atypical cases of syncope: a young judo player with recurrent syncope and dizziness, a teenage boy with syncopal episodes always preceded by stretching, and a child who experienced urticaria before losing consciousness. Herein, we review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of syncope in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Primary Central Nervous System Tumors at the National Neurologic Institute in Saudi Arabia: A Ten-Year Single-Institution Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Almutrafi ◽  
Yara Bashawry ◽  
Wafaa AlShakweer ◽  
Musa Al-Harbi ◽  
Abdullah Altwairgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Tumor Entity ◽  
Single Tumor

Objectives. This study is aimed at describing the epidemiological trends of primary CNS tumors in children and adults at the National Neurologic Institute in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A retrospective epidemiological approach was used where data was obtained from the department of pathology registry files and pathology reports. The records of all patients registered from January 2005 to December 2014 with a diagnosis of primary CNS tumor (brain and spinal cord) were selected. Data about sex, age, tumor location, and histologic type were collected. The classification was based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd Edition (ICD-O-3). Results. Nine hundred and ninety-two (992) cases of primary CNS tumors throughout the ten years (2005 to 2014) were reviewed. There were 714 (71.97%) adults and 278 (28.02%) in the pediatric age group. Nonmalignant tumors dominated the adult population (60.08%) while malignant tumors were more frequent in the pediatric population. Gliomas constituted the most common neoplastic category in children and adults. The most common single tumor entity was meningioma (26.99%, ICD-O-3 histology codes 9530/0, 9539/1, and 9530/3). Medulloblastomas (ICD-O-3 histology codes 9470, 9471, and 9474) were the most common single tumor entity in the pediatric age group (26.62%). Conclusions. This is an institution-based, detailed, and descriptive epidemiological study of patients with primary CNS tumors in Saudi Arabia. In contrast to other regional and international studies, the medulloblastomas in our institution are more frequent than pilocytic astrocytomas. Limitations to our study included the referral bias and histology-based methodology.

NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH CAT SCRATCH DISEASE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Edwin M. Paxson ◽  
R. James McKay
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
History Of

Two cases of cat scratch disease with associated encephalopathy involving patients in the pediatric age group have been reported. They fulfill the criteria for such a diagnosis, namely: (1) history of cat scratch or of contact with a cat; (2) regional adenopathy; (3) positive skin test with cat scratch antigen; (4) histologic picture of biopsied lymph nodes consistent with cat scratch disease plus a sterile culture obtained from the same node; (5) otherwise unexplained encephalopathic symptoms developing within 6 weeks of the appearance of adenopathy. Review of the literature and this report of two cases suggests that this disease may be sudden and severe in onset but is self-limited with benign sequelae and in most cases without residual effect. In all cases of encephalitis with associated unexplained lymphadenopathy the diagnosis of cat scratch disease should be entertained as an etiologic factor.

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