Do We Fatten Our Children at the Television Set? Obesity and Television Viewing in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Dietz ◽  
Steven L. Gortmaker
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Family Variables

The association of television viewing and obesity in data collected during cycles II and III of the National Health Examination Survey was examined. Cycle II examined 6,965 children aged 6 to 11 years and cycle III examined 6,671 children aged 12 to 17 years. Included in the cycle III sample were 2,153 subjects previously studied during cycle II. These surveys, therefore, provided two cross-sectional samples and one prospective sample. In all three samples, significant associations of the time spent watching television and the prevalence of obesity were observed. In 12- to 17-year-old adolescents, the prevalence of obesity increased by 2% for each additional hour of television viewed. The associations persisted when controlled for prior obesity, region, season, population density, race, socioeconomic class, and a variety of other family variables. The consistency, temporal sequence, strength, and specificity of the associations suggest that television viewing may cause obesity in at least some children and adolescents. The potential effects of obesity on activity and the consumption of calorically dense foods are consistent with this hypothesis.

scholarly journals The association between serum copper concentrations and elevated blood pressure in US children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsong Liu ◽  
Yanfen Liao ◽  
Zongyuan Zhu ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Elevated Blood Pressure ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Us Children

Abstract Background Copper is an essential trace metal with potential interest for cardiovascular effects. Few studies have explored the association between copper and blood pressure in children and adolescents. Method We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1242 children and adolescents aged 8–17 years who participated in the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, elevated blood pressure (EBP) was defined as a mean systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90th percentile for sex, age, and height for children aged 1–12 years and systolic BP ≥ 120 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg for adolescent age 13–17 years. Mean serum copper was 114.17 μg/dL. Results After multiple adjustments, dose–response analyses revealed that EBP was associated with progressively higher serum copper concentrations in a nonlinear trend. In comparison with the lowest quartile of serum copper concentrations, the adjusted odds of EBP for the highest quartile was 5.26 (95% confidence interval, 2.76–10.03). Conclusion Our results suggested that high serum copper concentrations were significantly associated with EBP in US children and adolescents.

Overweight Children and Adolescents: Description, Epidemiology, and Demographics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Troiano ◽  
Katherine M. Flegal
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Nhanes Iii ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Overweight Prevalence

We describe prevalence and trends in overweight among children and adolescents (6 to 17 years old) in the US population and variation in the prevalence by sex, age, race-ethnicity, income, and educational level. Height and weight were measured in nationally representative surveys conducted between 1963 and 1994: cycles II (1963 to 1965) and III (1966 to 1970) of the National Health Examination Survey (NHES) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I, 1971 to 1974; NHANES II, 1976 to 1980; and NHANES III, 1988 to 1994). Overweight was defined by the age- and sex-specific 95th percentile of body mass index (BMI) from NHES II and III. BMI values between the 85th and 95th percentiles were considered an area of concern, because at this level there is increased risk for becoming overweight. Approximately 11% of children and adolescents were overweight in 1988 to 1994, and an additional 14% had a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles. The prevalence of overweight did not vary systematically with race-ethnicity, income, or education. Overweight prevalence increased over time, with the largest increase between NHANES II and NHANES III. Examination of the entire BMI distribution showed that the heaviest children were markedly heavier in NHANES III than in NHES, but the rest of the distribution of BMI showed little change. Data are limited for assessing the causes of the rapid change in the prevalence of overweight. The increased overweight prevalence in US children and adolescents may be one manifestation of a more general set of societal effects. Childhood overweight should be addressed from a public health perspective.

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels are Positively Associated with Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents Aged 10 to 18 Years: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2017.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwal Rim Jeong ◽  
Hae Sang Lee ◽  
Young Seok Shim ◽  
Jin Soon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
National Health ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Hb Concentration

Abstract Objective: To investigate investigated the association of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) and blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents.Methods: The study population consisted of a total 7,950 subjects (4,229 boys, 3,721 girls) aged 10 to 18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted between 2007 and 2017.Results: The prevalence of hypertension is estimated about 19.19% (21.51% for boys and 16.5% for girls). The prevalence of obesity is estimated about 9.59% (10.5% for boys and 8.6% for girls). Hb and Hct level tended to increase with the degree of obesity and blood pressure. The systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) have positively correlated with Hb and Hct levels in both sex. In the multiple regression analysis, the Hb and Hct presented positive association with SBP and DBP after adjustment for for age, BMI SDS, alcohol consumption, smoking physical activity, rural residence, household income, diagnosis of T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Conclusion: Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were positively associated with SBP and DBP, in children and adolescent, aged 10- 18 year.

scholarly journals The Worldwide Association between Television Viewing and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e74263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Braithwaite ◽  
Alistair W. Stewart ◽  
Robert J. Hancox ◽  
Richard Beasley ◽  
Rinki Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity In Children

Diet, Lifestyle and Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in Thai Population.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 1414-1414
Author(s):  
Ponlapat Rojnuckarin ◽  
Lantarima Bhoopat ◽  
Narin Hiransuthikul ◽  
Tanin Intragumtornchai
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
National Health ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
P Values ◽  
Spicy Food ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
History Of

Abstract Abstract 1414 Poster Board I-437 Introduction: Previous studies demonstrated that the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was very low among Thais (Lancet. 1975; 1: 1357-8, Arch Intern Med. 1988; 148: 1349-53). However, recent investigations in Asian countries strongly indicated that VTE is currently much more common, approaching rates in the western countries. Meanwhile, the latest National Health Surveys showed the inadequate vegetable and fruit intakes, as well as an obvious rise in prevalence of obesity in Thai population. Therefore, changing diet and behaviors are suspected to contribute to this marked increase in the VTE incidence. Patients and Methods The case-control study was conducted. Cases were objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism. Patients with underlying cancer, antiphospholipid syndrome and arterial thrombosis were excluded. Controls are age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Body mass indices, history of alcohol intake, smoking and exercise were obtained. Food consumptions were interviewed using a food frequency questionnaire modified from the Thailand National Health Examination Survey III previously validated in Thai population. Results: There were 97 cases and 195 controls. The mean age was 54.6 yr, ranging from 17-93 yr, and 70% were female. VTE was significantly associated with low vegetable intakes (below 3.5 standard servings per day) compared with controls (Odd ratio [OR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-4.67), while there was no difference in fruit consumption (p values =0.53). Notably, low fish intakes (below 0.1 serving per day, OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.58-9.71) and having spicy food less than once a week (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.15-3.18) also increased the risk. The meat, fat, carbohydrate, fast food or alcohol consumptions were similar. In addition, VTE was associated with overweight (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.21-3.62) and obesity (OR 3.1, 95%CI 1.46-6.74, p values = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, estrogen uses also increased the risk of VTE (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.05-13.20, p=0.02), while smoking and lack of exercise did not. Conclusions: Low vegetable, fish and spicy food intakes, as well as obesity and hormonal uses, are the risk factors for VTE in Thai population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals The first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (2015): design, planning and implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baltazar Nunes ◽  
Marta Barreto ◽  
Ana P Gil ◽  
Irina Kislaya ◽  
Sónia Namorado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
National Level ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Examination Survey ◽  
Design Planning

Abstract Background In Health Examination Surveys interview information is complemented with objective information, providing more accurate indicators than self-reported data. We report the study design, planning and implementation of the first Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF). Methods INSEF was a cross-sectional population-based study representative at regional and national level. Individuals aged between 25 and 74 years old, residing in Portugal were selected from the national health users’ registry through multi-stage stratified probabilistic sampling. Sample size was set at 4200 individuals. Data was collected in primary care units and included blood pressure, height, weight, hip and waist measurements, blood collection for lipid profile, HbA1c and blood count and a general health questionnaire. European HES procedures were followed. Results A total of 4911 individuals agreed to participate (43.9% participation rate). Participation rate varied by region, sex and age group, being lower in Lisbon and Tagus Valley (32.8%), for men (41.8%) and for those aged 25–34 years old (36%). Conclusions INSEF has set up an experienced national and regional structure for HES implementation. Nationally representative quality epidemiological data is now available for public health monitoring, planning and research.

scholarly journals Screen time above recommendations in children and adolescents: analysis of the associated nutritional, behavioral and parental factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Sonimar de Souza ◽  
Kelin Cristina Marques ◽  
Cézane Priscila Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Introduction: Sedentary routines characterised by multimedia games favour an increase in the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren and their parents. Thus, identifying the factors associated with screen time during childhood and adolescence is essential for the development of public health strategies. Objective: To analyse whether excessive time in front of screens in children and adolescents is associated with nutritional, behavioural and parental factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study on 795 schoolchildren, of which 354 were male, aged between 7 and 17 years, and their parents (father or mother) from a municipality in southern Brazil. The screen time spent by the students was self-reported, obtained in hours, considering excessive to be ≥ 2 hours a day. The parents’ nutritional profile was assessed in terms of body mass index (BMI). For the data analysis, the prevalence ratio (PR) was used and analysed using the Poisson regression, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: We found a high frequency of overweight/obese students (30.9%), with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (53.7%), who spend ≥ 2 hours daily on the TV, computer or video games (57.1%). Screen time was associated with the prevalence of being overweight (PR = 1.06; CI = 1.00-1.13) and obesity (PR = 1.10; CI =: 1.03-1.18) among fathers, only among adolescents. Conclusion: Excessive screen time among adolescents was associated with the father’s nutritional status. It is suggested that strategies to reduce screen time should be implemented from childhood, involving the entire family.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder in children and adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – a Norwegian cross sectional multicenter study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Fischer ◽  
Marit Slåttelid Skeie ◽  
Karen Rosendahl ◽  
Karin Tylleskär ◽  
Stein Atle Lie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jaw Movement

Abstract Background. Children and adolescents with JIA may suffer pain from temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and routines for the assessment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain for the health and dental care are lacking. The aims were to examine the prevalence of TMD in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as compared to their healthy peers and to examine potential associations between JIA and TMD.Methods. This comparative cross-sectional study is part of a longitudinal multicenter study performed during 2015 - 2020, including 228 children and adolescents aged 4-16 years, with a diagnosis of JIA according to the ILAR criteria. This sub-study draws on a subset of data from the first study visit, including assessments of TMD as part of a broader oral health examination. Participants with JIA were matched with healthy controls according to gender, age, and center site. Calibrated examiners performed the clinical oral examinations according to a standardized protocol, including shortened versions of diagnostic criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and the former EuroTMJoint Recommendations for Clinical TMJ Assessment in Patients Diagnosed with JIA. Symptoms were recorded and followed by a clinical examination assessing the masticatory muscles and TMJ`s.Results. In our cohort of 221 participants with JIA and corresponding controls, 88 participants with JIA (39.8%) and 25 (11.3%) controls revealed TMD based on symptoms and clinical signs. Painful TMD during the last 30 days was reported in 59 (26.7%) participants with JIA vs. 10 (5.0%) of the healthy controls (p<0.001). Vertical unassisted jaw movement was lower in JIA than in controls; mean 46.2 mm vs. 49.0 mm, respectively (p <0.001). Among participants with JIA, a higher proportion of those using synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic-drugs (sDMARDs) and biologic (bDMARDs) presented with painful masticatory muscle and TMJs at palpation.Conclusion. Symptoms or clinical signs of TMD were seen in approximately half of the JIA patients compared to about one fourth of their healthy peers. Painful palpation to masticatory muscles and decreased vertical unassisted jaw movement were more frequent in participants with JIA than among healthy controls and should be part of both medical and dental routine examinations in JIA.

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