Screen time above recommendations in children and adolescents: analysis of the associated nutritional, behavioral and parental factors

Introduction: Sedentary routines characterised by multimedia games favour an increase in the prevalence of obesity in schoolchildren and their parents. Thus, identifying the factors associated with screen time during childhood and adolescence is essential for the development of public health strategies. Objective: To analyse whether excessive time in front of screens in children and adolescents is associated with nutritional, behavioural and parental factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study on 795 schoolchildren, of which 354 were male, aged between 7 and 17 years, and their parents (father or mother) from a municipality in southern Brazil. The screen time spent by the students was self-reported, obtained in hours, considering excessive to be ≥ 2 hours a day. The parents’ nutritional profile was assessed in terms of body mass index (BMI). For the data analysis, the prevalence ratio (PR) was used and analysed using the Poisson regression, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: We found a high frequency of overweight/obese students (30.9%), with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (53.7%), who spend ≥ 2 hours daily on the TV, computer or video games (57.1%). Screen time was associated with the prevalence of being overweight (PR = 1.06; CI = 1.00-1.13) and obesity (PR = 1.10; CI =: 1.03-1.18) among fathers, only among adolescents. Conclusion: Excessive screen time among adolescents was associated with the father’s nutritional status. It is suggested that strategies to reduce screen time should be implemented from childhood, involving the entire family.

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Association between dietary calcium intake and BMD in children and adolescents

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-19-0534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 194-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kaiyu Pan ◽

Chengyue Zhang ◽

Xiaocong Yao ◽

Zhongxin Zhu

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional

Aim Ensuring adequate calcium (Ca) intake during childhood and adolescence is critical to acquire good peak bone mass to prevent osteoporosis during older age. As one of the primary strategies to build and maintain healthy bones, we aimed to determine whether dietary Ca intake has an influence on bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study composed of 10,092 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary Ca intake and total BMD were taken as independent and dependent variables, respectively. To evaluate the association between them, we conducted weighted multivariate linear regression models and smooth curve fittings. Results There was a significantly positive association between dietary Ca intake and total BMD. The strongest association was observed in 12–15 year old whites, 8–11 year old and 16–19 year old Mexican Americans, and 16–19 year old individuals from other race/ethnicity, in whom each quintile of Ca intake was increased. We also found that there were significant inflection points in females, blacks, and 12–15 year old adolescents group, which means that their total BMD would decrease when the dietary Ca intake was more than 2.6–2.8 g/d. Conclusions This cross-sectional study indicated that a considerable proportion of children and adolescents aged 8–19 years would attain greater total BMD if they increased their dietary Ca intake. However, higher dietary Ca intake (more than 2.6–2.8 g/d) is associated with lower total BMD in females, blacks, and 12–15 year old adolescents group.

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Nutrient intake of European adolescents: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013000463 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 486-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Katharina Diethelm ◽

Inge Huybrechts ◽

Luis Moreno ◽

Stefaan De Henauw ◽

Yannis Manios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Initiatives

AbstractObjectiveAn adequate nutritional intake in childhood and adolescence is crucial for growth and the prevention of youth and adult obesity and nutrition-related morbidities. Improving nutrient intake in children and adolescents is of public health importance. The purpose of the present study was to describe and evaluate the nutrient intake in a European sample using the D-A-CH nutrient intake recommendations and the Nutritional Quality Index (NQI).DesignThe HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study is a cross-sectional study, the main objective of which is to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years.SettingEight cities in Europe.SubjectsThe initial sample consisted of 3528 European adolescents. Among these, 1590 adolescents (54 % female) had sufficient and plausible dietary data on energy and nutrient intakes from two 24 h recalls using the HELENA-DIAT software.ResultsThe intakes of most macronutrients, vitamins and minerals were in line with the D-A-CH recommendations. While the intakes of SFA and salt were too high, the intake of PUFA was too low. Furthermore, the intakes of vitamin D, folate, iodine and F were less than about 55 % of the recommendations. The median NQI was about 71 (of a maximum of 100).ConclusionsThe intakes of most nutrients were adequate. However, further studies using suitable criteria to assess nutrient status are needed. Public health initiatives should educate children and adolescents regarding balanced food choices.

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Screen time and physical activity in children and adolescents aged 10–15 years

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254255

Author(s):

Anna Dahlgren ◽

Linnea Sjöblom ◽

Helén Eke ◽

Stephanie E. Bonn ◽

Ylva Trolle Lagerros

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Screen Time ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Activity Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Activity Tracker ◽

Reported Data ◽

Objectively Measured

Background Previous research studies have demonstrated a relationship between low levels of physical activity and high amounts of screen time in children and adolescents. However, this is usually based on self-reported data. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between objectively measured smartphone screen time and physical activity among children and adolescents aged 10–15 years. Methods During seven consecutive days, we objectively assessed smartphone screen time, using the SCRIIN smartphone application, and physical activity, using the SCRIIN activity tracker, in children and adolescents recruited from two schools in Stockholm County, Sweden. Moreover, the children/adolescents and their parents responded to a questionnaire, obtaining among other things: self-reported screen time, physical activity, sleep and health-related quality of life. Results A total of 121 children and adolescents (mean age: 12.1 ± 1.5) were included in the study. Objectively measured smartphone screen time was 161.2 ± 81.1 min/day. Mean physical activity, measured with the SCRIIN activity tracker, was 32.6 ± 16.5 active min/day. Minutes of screen time and physical activity did not differ between the children and adolescents from the two schools, despite located in different socioeconomic areas. Further, we found no association between smartphone screen time and physical activity. However, girls aged 14–15 years, had more smartphone screen time (p<0.01) and were significantly more physically active (p<0.01) than girls aged 10–12 years. In addition, boys reported more than five times more time spent on computer and video games than girls did. Conclusion Smartphone screen time was not associated with physical activity level among children and adolescents aged 10–15 years.

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A Survey on the Relationship between Quality of life and Happiness among Children and Adolescents under the Supervision of Welfare Organization of Ahwaz in 2017

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2019/v28i230201 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Maryam Khormehr ◽

Azam Honarmandpour ◽

Mohammad Adineh ◽

Azam Jahangirimehr ◽

Elham Abdolahi Shahvali

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Human Life ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background: Childhood and adolescence is one of the most important, most sensitive and also most decisive periods of human life. Events during this period, for children and adolescents under the supervision of the welfare organisation, can lead to behavioural-cognitive and emotional problems and face the natural process of transition from this period with serious challenges. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between quality of life and happiness among children and adolescents under the supervision of welfare organisation of Ahwaz in 2015. Methodology: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 children and adolescents aged 8-18, under the supervision of the welfare organisation, using the available sampling method. The data collection tool was a demographic information questionnaire, the Kidscreen quality of life and the Oxford happiness. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software version 20 and independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman and Chi-square tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results showed that there was a significant and direct correlation between quality of life and happiness in children and adolescents under the supervision of the welfare (P <0.001 and r = 0.656). All aspects of the quality of life in the group who did not show happiness reported to be lower. Conclusion: The quality of life of children and adolescents under the supervision of welfare is related to their happiness. The effect of the use of pharmaceutical supplements/drugs and its relationship with the happiness of children should be studied in future.

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Relating outdoor play to sedentary behavior and physical activity in youth - results from a cohort study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11754-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carina Nigg ◽

Claudia Niessner ◽

Claudio R. Nigg ◽

Doris Oriwol ◽

Steffen C. E. Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Screen Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Outdoor Play ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Research Gaps ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Outdoor play, sedentary behavior (SB), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are related to youth’s health, however, there are research gaps regarding 1) associations between outdoor play, SB, and MVPA across a broad pediatric age range (6–17 years), and 2) longitudinal associations between outdoor play, SB, and MVPA across childhood and adolescence. Two studies were conducted to address those research gaps: Study 1 aimed to investigate relationships between outdoor play and accelerometer-assessed SB and MVPA in a cross-sectional nationwide sample of children and adolescents in Germany. Study 2 aimed to investigate prospective associations between outdoor play and self-reported screen-time SB and MVPA and in a sample of children with three measurement timepoints across 11 years. Methods Data were obtained of the German national representative Motorik-Modul (MoMo) Study and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). In Study 1, N = 2278 participants (6–17 years) were included with self-reported outdoor play and accelerometer-assessed SB and MVPA. Associations were examined via multiple linear regressions. In Study 2, N = 570 participants (baseline: 4–7 years) were included in the longitudinal analysis with follow-ups six and 11 years later. Screen-time SB (TV watching and PC/Gaming), MVPA, and outdoor play were self-reported. Associations were investigated through a path prediction model. Results Study 1 showed that compared to <1 h outdoor play, higher engagement in daily outdoor play was related to lower SB (1-2 h: − 9.75 min/day, P = 0.017; ≥2 h: − 17.78 min/day, P < 0.001) and higher MVPA (≥2 h: + 3.87 min/day, P = 0.001). The cross-sectional relationship between MVPA and outdoor play was moderated by sex (in favor of males) and age (in favor of younger children). Study 2 showed that outdoor play in early childhood negatively predicted PC use/Gaming in later childhood, but was unrelated to MVPA. Conclusion In Study 1, outdoor play was negatively related to SB cross-sectionally. In Study 2, outdoor play in early childhood was negatively related to PC and Gaming time in later childhood. Thus, providing outdoor play opportunities, especially during early childhood, has potential to prevent SB. Future research should investigate longitudinal relationships using device-based assessments for SB and MVPA.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors in Brazilian schoolchildren

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008003030 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 947-952 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mario Seki ◽

Tiemi Matsuo ◽

Alexandre Jose Faria Carrilho

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Low Income ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Risk Factors

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schoolchildren from 6 to 16 years old, while considering their socio-economic status and other potential risk factors.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted between April and November of 2005 in a semi-rural city with a total population of 13 000 inhabitants.SettingThe study was conducted in Maracai city, located in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo.SubjectsSchoolchildren (n 2170) of both genders, corresponding to approximately 82 % of all Maracai schoolchildren, were evaluated for components of MetS, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program; reference values for children and adolescents were adjusted for age and sex.ResultsOverall, MetS prevalence was 3·6 % (95 % CI 2·9, 4·5) and did not differ statistically between genders, skin colour, between children and adolescents. However, when we analysed groups of subjects by weight, MetS prevalence progressively increased from 0·3 % (95 % CI 0·1, 0·8) in normal-weight subjects to 10·7 % (95 % CI 7·4, 14·8) and 34·5 % (95 % CI 25·9, 43·9) in overweight and obese subjects, respectively (both P < 0·001 compared to normal-weight controls). When socio-economic classes were considered, 4·7 % high-income students (95 % CI 3·5, 6·2) had MetS, which was significantly greater than low-income students (2·7 %; 95 % CI 1·9, 3·9; P = 0·023).ConclusionsMetS prevalence was high in overweight and obese schoolchildren and these risk factors were present during childhood and adolescence. Changes in lifestyle and alimentary safety should be encouraged to avoid future cardiovascular morbidity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Comparing the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector families and South Korean families

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e052059

Author(s):

So-Yeong Kim ◽

Seong-Woo Choi ◽

Jong Park ◽

So-Yeon Ryu ◽

Mi-Ah Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Korean Families ◽

The Status ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector (NKD) families who are currently living in South Korea (SK) and compared with the status of those from SK families.DesignA cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight and obesity between children and adolescents from NKD families and SK families.SettingChildren and adolescents from NKD families were interviewed face-to-face directly, whereas the data about those from SK families acquired by using 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Their nutritional status were estimated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents.ParticipantsThe total number of children and adolescents was 2136 consisting of 527 subjects from the NKD families and 1609 subjects from the SK families.ResultsThe overall prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, overweight and obesity in NKD group was 8.9%, 10.2%, 10.4%, 11.2% and 12.2% respectively, and 1.9%, 7.1%, 5.9%, 9.2% and 9.3%, respectively, in SK families. The NKD group showed significantly higher prevalence than SK group in stunting (p<0.001), wasting (p=0.014), underweight (p<0.001), obesity (p=0.041) but not in overweight.ConclusionsThe nutritional status of children and adolescents form NKD families was worse than that of those from SK families, and also higher prevalence of obesity.

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Trends in Psychiatric Hospitalization of Children and Adolescents in Spain between 2005 and 2015

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8122111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2111

Author(s):

Carlos Llanes-Álvarez ◽

Jesús M. Andrés-de Llano ◽

Ana I. Álvarez-Navares ◽

M. Teresa Pastor-Hidalgo ◽

Carlos Roncero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽

Psychiatric Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Hospital Discharges ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Castilla Y Leon

Eating disorders are on top of chronic conditions in children and adolescents, and the most severe cases may require hospitalization. Inpatient psychiatric treatment is one of the most expensive ones and therefore the efforts when treating eating disorders should focus on avoiding and shortening admissions, as well as preventing readmissions. Advances in of eating disorders treatment lie in an accurate knowledge of those patients requiring admission. This study examined the Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos—the largest public hospitalization database in Spain—to estimate the prevalence of eating and other psychiatric disorders during childhood and adolescence. It is a cross-sectional study of the hospital discharges in Castilla y León (Spain) from 2005 to 2015, in which patients under 18 years old with a psychiatric diagnosis at discharge were selected. Trends in the rates of hospitalization/1000 hospitalizations per year were studied by joinpoint regression analysis. Conclusions: eating disorders were the only group that presented an upward and continuous trend throughout the study period. This statistically significant increase showed an annual change of 7.8%.

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Screen use habits among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: A cross-sectional study from Turkey

Psihologija ◽

10.2298/psi190802009k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 255-271

Author(s):

Kabukcu Basay ◽

Omer Basay ◽

Cemre Akdogan ◽

Seyma Karaisli ◽

Merve Satilmis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Screen Time ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Setting ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screen Use

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated screen use habits, problematic internet use (PIU), and screen?psychopathology relationship in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. The study included 277 children and adolescents (129 [46.4%] girls) aged between 6?17 years referred to a psychiatry outpatient setting for various reasons. All parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), while adolescents also completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The mean screen time was 3.85 (SD = 2.72) hours per day. Longer screen times were found among children and adolescents with specific psychiatric disorders compared to those with no psychiatric symptoms; especially among those with internalizing disorders (i.e., an anxiety disorder and/or depression), but also with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder. Longer screen time may be related with more functioning impairments. Based on the IAT, 2.1% of adolescents may have PIU. The findings from this study suggest that children and adolescents with psychiatric symptoms may have prolonged screen times. This needs to be taken into account during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

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Headache in Children and Adolescents: The Association between Screen Time and Headache within a Clinical Headache Population

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1740550 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Josefine Lund ◽

Amalie Berring-Uldum ◽

Merve Colak ◽

Nanette Marinette Monique Debes

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Migraine With Aura ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Headache Diagnosis ◽

Type Headache

Abstract Background More than half of children and adolescents have experienced headache within the last 3 months. Several risk factors for headache have been identified, including obesity and lack of sleep. The association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents is sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess this association and evaluate if it varied according to headache diagnosis. Method This cross-sectional study was performed at the tertiary pediatric outpatient clinic for headache at Herlev University Hospital. A total of 139 participants who answered a questionnaire on lifestyle factors and their daily living were included. Diagnoses of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. Children with both migraine and TTH were allocated to a mixed headache group. We differentiated between total, leisure, and school-related screen time. Results The mean age was 13.20 ± 3.38 years and 53.2% were girls. Note that 25.2% were diagnosed with migraine without aura, 23.0% migraine with aura, 28.1% TTH, 15.8% mixed headache, and 7.9% had an unclassified headache diagnosis at the time of inclusion. There was no statistically significant difference in screen time across the five headache groups. An association between screen time and headache frequency was found in children with migraine with aura. Conclusion In this study, we investigated the association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents. More screen time was associated with more frequent headaches in children with migraine with aura. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the causality of this association.

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