Physical Maturity Screening for Participation in Sports

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1080
Author(s):  
Richard E. Kreipe ◽  
Harry L. Gewanter
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Physician Assessment

In an effort to develop screening criteria to allow nonphysicians to detect physically immature boys prior to interscholastic sports competition, 364 male adolescents were studied as part of their group preparticipation health evaluation. Handgrip and self-assessed Tanner stage were measured, in addition to the routine preparticipation health evaluation procedures. Of the 118 boys who were Tanner 3 or less (immature), 103 (87%) had weak grips (< 55 lb [24.9 kg]), and 88 (75%) rated themselves as Tanner 3 or less. Of the 246 boys who were greater than Tanner 3 (mature), 223 (91%) had strong grips (≥55 [24.9 kg]), and 229 (93%) rated themselves as greater than Tanner 3. Six of the 118 immature boys (5%) had both a strong grip and mature self-assessed Tanner stage; three of the 246 mature boys (1%) had both a weak grip and an immature self-assessed Tanner stage. Only 67 of 364 (18%) boys had grips and self-assessed Tanner staging that were discordant. Use of grip strength and self-assessed Tanner staging may obviate the need for physician assessment of Tanner stage for the majority of adolescent boys prior to participation in collision sports.

Introduction of CASS Pipe Flaw Evaluation of JSME Rules on Fitness for Service

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiminobu Hojo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Steel Pipes ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Degradation Models ◽  
Fracture Tests ◽  
Cast Stainless Steel

Abstract This paper summarizes the revised flaw evaluation procedures for cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) pipe of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) rules on fitness for service (FFS) in 2018 addenda. The revision includes the introduction of thermal aging degradation models for stressstrain curve and fracture resistance (J-R) curve, application of a screening criteria for the fracture evaluation procedure of cast stainless steel pipes, and introduction of a new critical stress parameter for the limit load evaluation method of a shallow flaw with a flaw depth to thickness ratio of less than or equal to 0.5. These revisions are based on a large database of specimen tests and several fracture tests of flat plate and large pipe models using thermally aged material, which have already been published.

THE M/V SELENDANG AYUOIL SPILL SUBSISTENCE SEAFOOD SAMPLING PROGRAM AND PUBLIC HEALTH EVALUATION PROCESS

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1185-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Mauseth ◽  
Sharon Svarny-Livingston ◽  
Scott M. Arnold ◽  
Gerald M. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
The Core ◽  
Public Health Screening ◽  
Two Samples

ABSTRACT On December 8, 2004, the M/V Selendang AYU, a bulk freighter, ran aground on the western shoreline of Unalaska Island, Alaska, spilling an estimated 339,538 gallons of intermediate fuel oil and 14,680 gallons of marine diesel. A primary concern arising from this incident was the potential contamination of traditional subsistence seafood resources consumed by tribal members and others on Unalaska Island. The process of addressing this concern consisted of the following components: 1) formation of a subsistence seafood ‘core’ or management team that included representatives of the local tribe, native corporation, federal and state agencies, and the responsible party; 2) formation of an advisory team representing technical specialists from non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia, and subsistence users; 3) identification of important subsistence seafood resources, including intertidal mussels, sea urchins, chitons, salmon, cod and sea lions; 4) a consumption survey of major subsistence seafood users from Unalaska Island; 5) the collection of 56 samples in 2005 and 9 in 2006 by teams that included representatives of the core and advisory teams; 6) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) analysis and organoleptic and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) testing of the collected samples; 7) a risk-based public health evaluation of the analytical results of collected samples by the State of Alaska Division of Public Health; and 8) communication of the results to the public. In the core spill area (Skan and Makushin Bays), only one subsistence sample contained PAHs exceeding risk-based screening criteria. This was a mussel sample collected in April 2005 prior to clean-up actions. No samples collected in 2006 exceeded public health screening criteria. In the main subsistence area (Unalaska Bay), only one chiton sample collected in June 2005 exceeded risk-based public health screening criteria. However, it was determined that the elevated PAH concentrations were not derived from the Selendang AYU. Subsequent samples collected from the same location could not confirm elevated PAHs. Overall, PAHs were not present at levels of health concern, but two samples contained PSP toxin above regulatory guidelines. Due to PSP concerns, the State of Alaska has an on-going advisory against the consumption of locally harvested shellfish that pre-dates the spill.

scholarly journals Urinary and salivary endocrine measurements to complement Tanner staging in studies of pubertal development

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251598
Author(s):  
Mandy Goldberg ◽  
Anna J. Ciesielski Jones ◽  
John A. McGrath ◽  
Christie Barker-Cummings ◽  
Deborah S. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stage 1

Background Many studies investigating pubertal development use Tanner staging to assess maturation. Endocrine markers in urine and saliva may provide an objective, sensitive, and non-invasive method for assessing development. Objective Our objective was to examine whether changes in endocrine levels can indicate the onset of pubertal development prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Methods Thirty-five girls and 42 boys aged 7 to 15 years were enrolled in the Growth and Puberty (GAP) study, a longitudinal pilot study conducted from 2007–2009 involving children of women enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) in Iowa. We collected saliva and urine samples and assessed pubertal development by self-rated Tanner staging (pubic hair, breast development (girls), genital development (boys)) at three visits over six months. We measured dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in saliva and creatinine-adjusted luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrone 3-glucuronide (E13G) and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide (Pd3G) concentrations in first morning urine. We evaluated the relationships over time between Tanner stage and each biomarker using repeated measures analysis. Results Among girls still reporting Tanner breast stage 1 at the final visit, FSH levels increased over the 6-month follow-up period and were no longer lower than higher stage girls at the end of follow-up. We observed a similar pattern for testosterone in boys. By visit 3, boys still reporting Tanner genital stage 1 or pubic hair stage 1 had attained DHEA levels that were comparable to those among boys reporting Tanner stages 2 or 3. Conclusions Increasing concentrations of FSH in girls and DHEA and testosterone in boys over a 6-month period revealed the start of the pubertal process prior to changes in self-rated Tanner stage. Repeated, non-invasive endocrine measures may complement the more subjective assessment of physical markers in studies determining pubertal onset.

Pre-participation Sports Assessment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-806
Author(s):  
James G. Garrick ◽  
Nathan J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Primary Care Physician ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sports Programs

The paper by Goldberg et al (Pediatrics 66:736, 1980) is of interest to the primary care physician in documenting not only what may be one approach to the often demanding and frustrating problem of large numbers of pre-participation health examinations, but most particularly in reporting what is found in a large number of such examinations when performed on high school boy and girl athletes. The physician may not appreciate that there are as many as 7 million high school students involved in interscholastic sports programs each year; potentially all are candidates for this type of health evaluation. If the pre-participation sports examination is to be effective and economically realistic, its goals must be precisely defined.

Pubertal assessment: targeted educational intervention for pediatric trainees

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Khokhar ◽  
Sairaman Nagarajan ◽  
Yagnaram Ravichandran ◽  
Sheila Perez-Colon
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Pediatric Residency ◽  
Baseline Knowledge

Abstract Background Timely and periodic pubertal assessment in children is vital to identify puberty related disorders. Pediatricians need to have working knowledge of puberty time and tempo. Pediatric residency is an important platform to acquire physical examination skills including pubertal assessment. Objective An educational intervention for teaching pubertal assessment was piloted on pediatric residents at our institution. Methods The intervention comprised of interactive lecture series, ID badge size Tanner stage cards and Tanner posters placed in residents’ continuity clinics. Pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention surveys for participating trainees were administered to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Attitudes, practices, knowledge scores, and barriers to Tanner staging conduct were analyzed. Results Forty-three residents participated in the intervention. Knowledge scores of PGY1 (5.95 ± 1.6 vs. 7.47 ± 1.4, p < 0.01) improved right after the intervention, as did self-reported clinical practices of all trainees 3 months post- intervention with regards to conducting external genital examination and performing pubertal assessment. Confidence levels of pediatric trainees in conducting pubertal assessment and comfort levels in assessing the need for endocrine referral based on abnormal Tanner staging improved after the intervention, although the effect was not statistically significant. Conclusion Our intervention is a worthwhile technique for teaching pubertal assessment to residents as it is simple to conduct, easily reproducible, provides baseline knowledge needed for recognition of normal pubertal development and puberty related conditions, and instills confidence in residents.

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory Responses and Hydration Practices in Heat-Acclimatized Adolescents During Preseason High School Football

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Walker Yeargin ◽  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
Daniel A. Judelson ◽  
Brendon P. McDermott ◽  
Matthew S. Ganio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Urine Osmolality ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
American Football ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Globe Temperature

Abstract Context: Previous researchers have not investigated the thermoregulatory responses to multiple consecutive days of American football in adolescents. Objective: To examine the thermoregulatory and hydration responses of high school players during formal preseason football practices. Design: Observational study. Setting: Players practiced outdoors in late August once per day on days 1 through 5, twice per day on days 6 and 7, and once per day on days 8 through 10. Maximum wet bulb globe temperature averaged 23 ± 4°C. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five heat-acclimatized adolescent boys (age  =  15 ± 1 years, height  =  180 ± 8 cm, mass  =  81.4 ± 15.8 kg, body fat  =  12 ± 5%, Tanner stage  =  4 ± 1). Main Outcome Measure(s): We observed participants within and across preseason practices of football. Measures included gastrointestinal temperature (TGI), urine osmolality, sweat rate, forearm sweat composition, fluid consumption, testosterone to cortisol ratio, perceptual measures of thirst, perceptual measures of thermal sensation, a modified Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire, and knowledge questionnaires assessing the participants' understanding of heat illnesses and hydration. Results were analyzed for differences across time and were compared between younger (14–15 years, n  =  13) and older (16–17 years, n  =  12) participants. Results: Maximum daily TGI values remained less than 40°C and were correlated with maximum wet bulb globe temperature (r  =  0.59, P  =  .009). Average urine osmolality indicated that participants generally experienced minimal to moderate hypohydration before (881 ± 285 mOsmol/kg) and after (856 ± 259 mOsmol/kg) each practice as a result of replacing approximately two-thirds of their sweat losses during exercise but inadequately rehydrating between practices. Age did not affect most variables; however, sweat rate was lower in younger participants (0.6 ± 0.2 L/h) than in older participants (0.8 ± 0.1 L/h) (F1,18  =  8.774, P  =  .008). Conclusions: Previously heat-acclimatized adolescent boys (TGI &lt; 40°C) can safely complete the initial days of preseason football practice in moderate environmental conditions using well-designed practice guidelines. Adolescent boys replaced most sweat lost during practice but remained mildly hypohydrated throughout data collection, indicating inadequate hydration habits when they were not at practice.

scholarly journals Obesity and secondary sexual maturity in boys

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Modella Rahmani Femina ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Soeroyo Machfudz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Growth Charts ◽  
Pediatric Resident ◽  
Tanner Staging ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Background Obesity induces earlier secondary sexual maturity in girls. However, results of studies in boys have been inconclusive.Objective To assess for an association between obesity and sexual maturity in boys.Methods This was a prospective cohort study on 133 obese and 133 matched-for-age, non-obese, prepubertal boys, aged 9 to 10 years. They were observed every 4 months for a two year period. Obesity was defined as the BMI ≥the 95th percentile, according to the Centers for Disease Control 2000 growth charts. Secondary sexual maturity was defined as testicular volume of ≥4 mL and Tanner staging of pubic hair of ≥P2. Two trained nurses and a pediatric resident collected the data.Results By the end of the study period, 106 (79.7%) obese boys had attained a testicular volume of 4 mL or more, vs. 85 (63.9%) non-obese boys (RR 1.78; 95%CI 1.19 to 2.67; P=0.004). Furthermore, 81 (60.9%) obese boys attained pubic hair states of Tanner stage P2 vs. 37 (27.8%) non-obese boys (RR 1.85 95%CI 1.46 to 2.34; P<0.001). The mean durations for achieving testicular volume of ≥4 mL were 21.25 (95%CI 20.75 to 21.74) months in obese boys and 22.26 (95%CI 21.80 to 22.72) months in non-obese boys (P=0.007). The mean durations for achieving Tanner stage P2 were 17.04 (95%CI 16.44 to 17.63) months in obese boys and 20.87 (95%CI 20.05 to 21.68) months in non-obese boys.Conclusion Obesity is associated with earlier onset of sexual maturity in boys.

Handbook on Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus): Health Evaluation Procedures for Use by Land Managers and Researchers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Wendland ◽  
Harold Balbach ◽  
Mary Brown ◽  
Joan D. Berish ◽  
Ramon Littell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Gopher Tortoise ◽  
Gopherus Polyphemus ◽  
Evaluation Procedures

Assessment of the Evaluation Procedures of Drivers with Disabilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Sprigle ◽  
Belinda O. Morris ◽  
George Nowachek ◽  
Patricia E. Karg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
The United States ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Ability To Drive ◽  
Steering Force

Surveys were sent to 403 driver evaluators and trainers throughout the United States whose clientele includes persons with disabilities, and 138 responses (35%) were received from 44 states. Most of the respondents were experienced evaluators, and 62% were occupational therapists. They were asked to report on the methods, equipment, and criteria used when assessing an individual's ability to drive. The measurement of specific driving characteristics (i.e., brake reaction time, steering force) was reported as being more important than measuring nonspecific physical characteristics (i.e., range of motion, grip strength), yet only one half of the respondents measured most of the defined driving characteristics. Most characteristics were measured through observation or a functional test rather than by using equipment. The overwhelming majority of evaluators used subjective criteria or no criteria when judging the findings of a test. Despite these results, two thirds of the evaluators reported being satisfied with their current evaluation equipment.

scholarly journals Using a 24 h Activity Recall (STAR-24) to Describe Activity in Adolescent Boys in New Zealand: Comparisons between a Sample Collected before, and a Sample Collected during the COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8035
Author(s):  
Meredith C. Peddie ◽  
Tessa Scott ◽  
Jillian J. Haszard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives ◽  
Screen Use

Background: Tools that assess all three components of 24 h movement guidelines (sleep, physical activity, and screen use) are scarce. Our objective was to use a newly developed Screen Time and Activity Recall (STAR-24) to demonstrate how this tool could be used to illustrate differences in time-use across the day between two independent samples of male adolescents collected before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Adolescent boys aged 15–18 years (n = 109) each completed the STAR-24 twice, n = 74 before lockdown and n = 35 during lockdown. Results: During lockdown more than 50% of the sample reported gaming between 10 am and 12 noon, transport was not reported as an activity, and activities of daily living spiked at mealtimes. Gaming and screen time were more prevalent in weekends than weekdays, with the highest prevalence of weekday screen use (before lockdown) occurring between 8 and 9 pm. Differences in estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity prior to and during lockdown (mean difference (95% CI); 21 (−9 to 51) min) and sleep (0.5 (−0.2 to 1.2) h) were small. Total and recreational screen time were higher during lockdown (2 h (0.7 to 3.3 h) and 48 min (−36 to 132 min), respectively). Conclusions: The STAR-24 holds promise as a single tool that assesses compliance with 24 h movement guidelines. This tool also allows clear illustration of how adolescent boys are using their time (instead of only providing summary measures), providing richer data to inform public health initiatives.

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