Intrathoracic Disease Associated With Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex in Otherwise Healthy Children: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Considerations

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-742
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Gupta ◽  
Ben Z. Katz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Cervical Adenitis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare ◽  
Therapeutic Considerations

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a well described human pathogen.1 Less commonly, atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause disease in humans. Recent studies report that NTM account for one-third of all pathogenic mycobacterial isolates in the United States.2 Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI) is the most common NTM causing human disease.2 It is also the most common mycobacterial cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children in areas with low endemic rates of MTB infection.3 MAI/NTM infection other than cervical adenitis is unusual in children, except in those that are immunosuppressed.4 Rarely, MAI presents as mediastinal or endobronchial disease in otherwise healthy children.

Administration of the Third Dose of Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine at 6 to 18 Months of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Poliomyelitis Vaccine

This statement describes a modification of the recommended routine schedule for administering trivalent oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV). The American Academy of Pediatrics previously has recommended that healthy children receive a three-dose primary series of OPV at 2, 4, and 15 to 18 months of age and a fourth dose at the time of school entry (4 to 6 years of age).1 Available data indicate that the response rates to the third dose of OPV administered at 6 months of age are as good as the rates following administration of this dose at 15 to 18 months of age. Completion of the three-dose primary series at an earlier age will help health care providers induce immunity against poliomyelitis at an early age. Although wild type poliomyelitis has not caused disease in the United States for many years, the virus remains prevalent in many countries. Continued introduction of the virus into the United States by travelers could result in transmission and disease if high levels of immunity are not maintained in preschool age children. For example, wild type poliovirus type 3 was recently introduced into Canada by a religious sect that did not believe in immunization.2 The virus was probably imported from the Netherlands, where a small epidemic of poliomyelitis occurred in members of the same sect in 1992 and 1993.3 SERUM ANTIBODY RESPONSE FOLLOWING OPV ADMINISTRATION After two doses of OPV are administered at 2 and 4 months of age, 89 to 100% of children vaccinated in the United States have evidence of humoral immunity to poliomyelitis types 1 and 3, and 99 to 100% have immunity to type 2 (Table).

scholarly journals Role of Antilipopolysaccharide Antibodies in Serum Bactericidal Activity against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Healthy Adults and Children in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Trebicka ◽  
Susan Jacob ◽  
Waheed Pirzai ◽  
Bryan P. Hurley ◽  
Bobby J. Cherayil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTRecent observations from Africa have rekindled interest in the role of serum bactericidal antibodies in protecting against systemic infection withSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. To determine whether the findings are applicable to other populations, we analyzed serum samples collected from healthy individuals in the United States. We found that all but 1 of the 49 adult samples tested had robust bactericidal activity againstS. Typhimurium in a standardin vitroassay. The activity was dependent on complement and could be reproduced by immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from the sera. The bactericidal activity was inhibited by competition with soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromS. Typhimurium but not fromEscherichia coli, consistent with recognition of a determinant in the O-antigen polysaccharide. Sera from healthy children aged 10 to 48 months also had bactericidal activity, although it was significantly less than in the adults, correlating with lower levels of LPS-specific IgM and IgG. The lone sample in our collection that lacked bactericidal activity was able to inhibit killing ofS. Typhimurium by the other sera. The inhibition correlated with the presence of an LPS-specific IgM and was associated with decreased complement deposition on the bacterial surface. Our results indicate that healthy individuals can have circulating antibodies to LPS that either mediate or inhibit killing ofS. Typhimurium. The findings contrast with the observations from Africa, which linked bactericidal activity to antibodies against anS. Typhimurium outer membrane protein and correlated the presence of inhibitory anti-LPS antibodies with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Extensive cervical lymphadenitis due to Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. KINSELLA ◽  
K. CULVER ◽  
R. B. JEFFREY ◽  
M. J. KAPLAN ◽  
M. GROSSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

scholarly journals Distinct Distal Gut Microbiome Diversity and Composition in Healthy Children from Bangladesh and the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e53838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrie Lin ◽  
Elisabeth M. Bik ◽  
Elizabeth K. Costello ◽  
Les Dethlefsen ◽  
Rashidul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Microbiome Diversity

scholarly journals Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Oysters in the United States

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 893-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Brands ◽  
Allison E. Inman ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
C. John Maré ◽  
Stephen J. Billington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Human Health Hazard

ABSTRACT Food-borne diseases such as salmonellosis can be attributed, in part, to the consumption of raw oysters. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in oysters, oysters harvested from 36 U.S. bays (12 each from the West, East, and Gulf coasts in the summer of 2002, and 12 bays, four per coast, in the winter of 2002-2003) were tested. Salmonella was isolated from oysters from each coast of the United States, and 7.4% of all oysters tested contained Salmonella. Isolation tended to be bay specific, with some bays having a high prevalence of Salmonella, while other bays had none. Differences in the percentage of oysters from which Salmonella was isolated were observed between the summer and winter months, with winter numbers much lower probably due to a variety of weather-related events. The vast majority (78/101) of Salmonella isolates from oysters were Salmonella enterica serovar Newport, a major human pathogen, confirming the human health hazard of raw oyster consumption. Contrary to previous findings, no relationship was found between the isolation of fecal coliforms and Salmonella from oysters, indicating a necessity for specific monitoring for Salmonella and other pathogens rather than the current reliance on fecal coliform testing.

scholarly journals Isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from water in the United States, Finland, Zaire, and Kenya.

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 3227-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F von Reyn ◽  
R D Waddell ◽  
T Eaton ◽  
R D Arbeit ◽  
J N Maslow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Clinical Management of Respiratory Adverse Events Associated With Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension: Results From a Patient Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Swenson ◽  
Nicole C Lapinel ◽  
Juzar Ali
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽  
The United States ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement

Abstract Patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease treated with amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) at 2 clinics in the United States were surveyed to assess the frequency and management of ALIS-associated respiratory adverse events. Most respondents experienced these events, but management through physician-guided measures (eg, bronchodilator use, oral rinses, and/or temporary dosing adjustments) resulted in symptomatic improvement.

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