Eating in Preschool Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Peers: Behavioral Analysis

Study objective. To investigate calorie intake, behavioral eating styles, and parent perception of eating behavior of preschool children with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared with healthy peers. Design. A two group comparison study. Setting. A clinical sample of 32 preschool children with CF (aged 2 to 5 years) and a community sample of 29 healthy peers matched for age and socioeconomic status. Measurements and main results. The two groups did not differ on the total number of calories consumed per day or the percentage of calories derived form fat. The CF sample achieved a significantly higher percent of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of energy (95% RDA) than the control group (84% RDA), P < .05, but did not achieve the CF dietary recommendations of 120% RDA. On measures of behavioral eating style, the CF sample had significantly longer meals (24.63 min) than the control group (18.57 min), P < .01, but did not differ on pace of eating or calories consumed per bite. On a measure of parent report of mealtime behavior, parents of the CF sample identified mealtime behaviors of "dawdles" and "refuses food" as more problematic (M = .93) than parents of control children (M = .22), P < .05. Conclusions. While preschool children with CF consume as much or more than healthy peers, they are not achieving the CF dietary recommendations. Furthermore, there appear to be behavioral differences in eating and parent perception of CF children's eating that may contribute to the failure to achieve dietary recommendations.

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Descriptive Analysis of Eating Behavior in School-age Children With Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Control Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.99.5.665 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 665-671

Author(s):

Lori J. Stark ◽

Mary M. Mulvihill ◽

Elissa Jelalian ◽

Anne M. Bowen ◽

Scott W. Powers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Eating Behavior ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Control Sample ◽

School Age Children ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

School Age ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Study Objective

Study Objective. To investigate calorie intake, behavioral eating styles, and parent perception of eating behavior of school-age children with cystic fibrosis (CF) compared with healthy peers. Design. A two-group comparison study. Setting. A clinical sample of 28 school-age children with CF and a community sample of 28 healthy peers matched for age (6 to 12 years) and socioeconomic status. Measurements and Main Results. The children with CF consumed more calories per day (2175 cal/d) than the control children (1875 cal/d) and achieved a significantly higher recommended daily allowance (RDA) of energy (128% of the RDA) than the control children (91.61% of the RDA). Fifty-four percent of the CF sample were achieving the CF dietary recommendations of 120% of the RDA. Despite this energy intake, the CF sample was significantly below the control sample on weight (24.56 vs 31.23 kg), height (125.48 vs 133.06 cm), andz score for weight (−0.811 vs 0.528) and height (−0.797 vs 0.371). On measures of behavioral eating style, the CF sample had significantly longer meals (23.90 min) than the control sample (17.34 min) and had a significantly slower pace of eating (43.27% 10-second intervals with bites) than the control sample (51.29% 10-second intervals with bites) but did not differ significantly on the number of calories consumed during dinner. On a measure of parent report of mealtime behaviors, parents of the children with CF rated mealtime behavior problems of “dawdles” and “refuses food” as more intense (mean, 3.46) than did the parents of control children (mean, 2.67). For the CF sample, a significant correlation was found between the parent intensity ratings of problem behavior in general and meal duration (r = .48), and a significant negative correlation was found between the parent intensity ratings of problem mealtime behaviors and the percentage of intervals with bites (pace of meal) (r = −.533). Conclusions. Although the school-age children with CF were consuming more calories per day than their healthy peers, and more than 50% of the children in the CF sample were at or above the CF dietary recommendations, the children in the CF sample were significantly below the control children on measures of weight and height. The behavioral data suggest that increased caloric intake is not without cost, because the CF sample spent an additional 7 minutes per day at dinner and ate their meals at a slower pace than their healthy peers. These data were associated with higher intensity ratings of mealtime behaviors by parents of children with CF. These findings point to the need for individualized assessment of energy needs for school-age children with CF and comprehensive programs that teach parents behavioral strategies to motivate their children to meet these higher energy requirements in an adaptive manner.

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Temperament in preschool children with sickle cell anaemia

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2018-315054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 105 (9) ◽

pp. 900-902

Author(s):

Michelle Downes ◽

Michelle de Haan ◽

Tess O’Leary ◽

Paul T Telfer ◽

Fenella J Kirkham

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Negative Affectivity ◽

Parent Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Children’S Behaviour

AimsFew studies have investigated the potential impact of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) on temperament. The aim of the current study was to investigate temperament in preschool children with SCA and to establish the reliability of the Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) in this population.MethodsThe CBQ, a parent-report measure of temperament, was completed by parents of 21 preschool children with SCA and a control group of parents of typically developing children, matched for age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.ResultsA significant difference between groups was identified for the dimension of negative affectivity only, with specific differences observed in the discomfort subdomain. Patients with a greater number of hospital admissions in the previous year were reported to have higher levels of discomfort.ConclusionsPreschool children with SCA are reported to have higher rates of negative affectivity, particularly discomfort. Future research is required to investigate the potential influence of dysregulated negative emotions and discomfort on disease management and quality of life throughout childhood.

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A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽

10.1891/1946-6560.3.2.231 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 231-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 653

Author(s):

Deborah M. Capaldi ◽

Naomi B. Knoble ◽

Joann Wu Shortt ◽

Hyoun K. Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Control Group ◽

School Factors ◽

Prior Review

A systematic review of risk factors for intimate partner violence IPV was conducted. Inclusion criteria included publication in a peer-reviewed journal, a representative community sample or a clinical sample with a control group comparison, a response rate of at least 50%, use of a physical or sexual violence outcome measure, and control of confounding factors in the analyses. A total of 228 articles were included (170 articles with adult and 58 with adolescent samples). Organized by levels of a dynamic developmental systems perspective, risk factors included (a) contextual characteristics of partners (demographic, neighborhood, community, and school factors), (b) developmental characteristics and behaviors of the partners (e.g., family, peer, psychological/behavioral, and cognitive factors), and (c) relationship influences and interactional patterns. Comparisons to a prior review highlight developments in the field in the past 10 years. Recommendations for intervention and policy along with future directions for IPV risk factor research are presented.

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Shared mental healthcare and somatization: changes in patient symptoms and disability

Primary Health Care Research & Development ◽

10.1017/s1463423615000420 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 277-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John M. Haggarty ◽

Brian P. O’Connor ◽

Jeremy B. Mozzon ◽

S. Kathleen Bailey

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Somatic Symptom ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Mental Healthcare ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Functional Changes

AimTo describe the symptoms and functional changes in patients with high levels of somatization who were referred to an outpatient, multidisciplinary, shared mental healthcare (SMHC) service that primarily offered cognitive behavioural therapy. Second, we wished to compare the levels of somatization in this outpatient clinical sample with previously published community norms.BackgroundSomatization is common in primary care, and it can lead to significant impairment, disproportionate resource use, and poses a challenge for management.MethodsAll the patients (18+ years,n=508) who attended three or more treatment sessions in SMHC primary care over a seven-year period were eligible for inclusion to this pre–post study. Self-report measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire’s somatic symptom severity scale (PHQ-15) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS II). Normative comparisons were used to assess the degree of symptoms and functional changes.FindingsClinically significant levels of somatization before treatment were common (n=138, 27.2%) and were associated with a significant reduction in somatic symptom severity (41.3% reduction;P<0.001) and disability (44% reduction;P<0.001) after treatment. Patients’ levels of somatic symptom severity and disability approached but did not quite reach the community sample norms following treatment. Multidisciplinary short-term SMHC was associated with significant improvement in patient symptoms and disability, and shows promise as an effective treatment for patients with high levels of somatization. Including a control group would allow more confidence regarding the conclusions about the effectiveness of SMHC for patients impaired by somatization.

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Psychometric evaluation of the Affect Regulation Checklist: Clinical and community samples, parent-reports and youth self-reports

10.31234/osf.io/3vmrj ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Natalie Goulter ◽

Sherene Balanji ◽

Brooke A. Davis ◽

Tim James ◽

Cassia L. McIntyre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Affect Regulation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Parent Report ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Affect Dysregulation ◽

Self Reports

The Affect Regulation Checklist (ARC) was designed to capture affect dysregulation, suppression, and reflection. Importantly, affect dysregulation has been established as a transdiagnostic mechanism underpinning many forms of psychopathology. We tested the ARC psychometric properties across clinical and community samples and through both parent-report and youth self-report information. Clinical sample: participants included parents (n=814; Mage=43.86) and their child (n=608; Mage=13.98). Community sample: participants included parents (n=578; Mage=45.12) and youth (n=809; Mage=15.67). Exploratory structural equation modeling supported a three-factor structure across samples and informants. Dysregulation was positively associated with all forms of psychopathology. In general, suppression was positively associated with many forms of psychopathology, and reflection was negatively associated with externalizing problems and positively associated with internalizing problems.

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Dietary Intake of Healthy Children With Cystic Fibrosis Compared With Normal Control Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.90.4.547 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 547-553

Author(s):

Jean L. Tomezsko ◽

Virginia A. Stallings ◽

Thomas F. Scanlin

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

World Health Organization ◽

Normal Control ◽

Pancreatic Enzyme ◽

World Health ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Health Organization

Because a low calorie intake may result in growth failure and malnutrition in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the dietary and energy intakes of 22 children CF who had mild lung disease and excellent Shwachman scores were examined and compared with those of 23 normal control subjects similar in age (5 to 10 years), gender, and weight. The children with CF consumed ficantly more calories than the controjectsl Calorie intake was 111 ± 19.9% (mean ± SD) of estimated requirements (World Health Organization recommendations) for the CF group and 97 ± 18.7% for the control group (P = .014). Calories consumed per kilogram of body weight were 117% of World Health Organization (CF) vs 97% (control) (P = .009). Calorie intake compared to the 1989 Recommended Dietary Allowance was 106 ± 20.6% for the CF group vs 93 ± 19.1% for the control group. Fat consumed as a percent of total calories was similar: 33.5% (CF) vs 32.2% (control). All children with CF had pancreatic insufficiency and, on average, consumed a large number of pancreatic enzyme supplements, resulting in dietary fat absorption of 86 ± 12%. It is concluded that these children with CF were able to maintain normal growth and energy stores on a diet that was relatively high in calories compared to control subjects and moderate in percent fat, along with an aggressive pancreatic enzyme supplement regimen.

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Adolescents’ self-mutilation - Relationship with dependent behaviour

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185.62.4.241 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 241-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Bolognini ◽

B. Plancherel ◽

J. Laget ◽

P. Stéphan ◽

O. Halfon

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempts ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Control Sample ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Self Mutilation ◽

Self Harm ◽

Partial Overlap ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this study, which was carried out in the French-speacking part of Switzerland, was to examine the relationship between suicide attempts and self-mutilation by adolescents and young adults. The population, aged 14-25 years (N = 308), included a clinical sample of dependent subjects (drug abuse and eating disorders) compared to a control sample. On the basis of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview ( Sheehan et al., 1998 ), DSM-IV criteria were used for the inclusion of the clinical population. The results concerning the occurrence of suicide attempts as well as on self-mutilation confirm most of the hypotheses postulated: suicidal attempts and self-mutilation were more common in the clinical group compared to the control group, and there was a correlation between suicide attempts and self-mutilation. However, there was only a partial overlap, attesting that suicide and self-harm might correspond to two different types of behaviour.

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Measurement Invariance of the Parent Version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Across Community and Clinical Populations

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000339 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 238-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Iris A. M. Smits ◽

Meinou H. C. Theunissen ◽

Sijmen A. Reijneveld ◽

Maaike H. Nauta ◽

Marieke E. Timmerman

Keyword(s):

Measurement Invariance ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Strengths And Difficulties Questionnaire ◽

Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Favorable Result ◽

Strengths And Difficulties ◽

Parent Version ◽

Clinical Populations

Abstract. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a popular screening instrument for the detection of social-emotional and behavioral problems in children in community and clinical settings. To sensibly compare SDQ scores across these settings, the SDQ should measure psychosocial difficulties and strengths in the same way across community and clinical populations, that is, the SDQ should be measurement invariant across both populations. We examined whether measurement invariance of the parent version of the SDQ holds using data from a community sample (N = 707) and a clinical sample (N = 931). The results of our analysis suggest that measurement invariance of the SDQ parent version across community and clinical populations is tenable, implying that one can compare the SDQ scores of children across these populations. This is a favorable result since it is common clinical practice to interpret the scores of a clinical individual relative to norm scores that are based on community samples. The findings of this study support the continued use of the parent version of the SDQ in community and clinical settings.

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Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies ◽

10.24193/jebp.2020.2.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 101-120

Author(s):

Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽

Orçun YORULMAZ ◽

Gülşah DURNA

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Community Sample ◽

Case Vignette ◽

Control Group ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

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The Structure and Subtypes of Gambling Frequency: An Approach to Studying Associations with Different Gambling Behaviors

10.31234/osf.io/mgz67 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Spencer Huggett ◽

Evan Winiger ◽

Rohan Palmer ◽

John K. Hewitt ◽

Robin P. Corley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensation Seeking ◽

Latent Class ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Community Sample ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Gambling Behaviors ◽

Pathways Model ◽

The Common ◽

Gambling Activities ◽

Gambling Frequency

The multitude of gambling activities corresponds to heterogeneous ways of analyzing behavioral outcomes and may partially underlie the lack of replication in gambling research. The current study incorporated complementary analyses to provide an approach to investigate associations with multi-dimensional gambling data that we demonstrated in a discovery/community sample of 2,116 twins (54.86% female; Mage=24.90) and a replication/clinical sample of 619 siblings (30.37% female; Mage=28.00). Our proposed approach was twofold. First, we used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to derive a general gambling frequency measure across eight gambling activities and to test the common liability hypothesis. Second, we conducted latent class analyses (LCAs) to derive gambling frequency subtypes and investigated their theoretical correspondence with the Pathways Model. Our study identified robust support for the common liability hypothesis of gambling, suggesting a shared mechanism for multiple gambling behaviors – including activities controversially defined as “gambling.” Using LCAs, we identified four novel gambling frequency subtypes with analogous behavioral profiles and correlates across samples and some resemblance with the Pathways Model. The subtype with the highest rates of problem gambling had a frequent appetite for particular gambling activities and demonstrated externalizing psychopathology comparable to the “antisocial impulsivist” pathway. Using co-twin control models, we determined that risk-taking, sensation seeking and antisocial personality disorder predicted gambling frequency above and beyond shared genetic and environmental factors. In sum, we illustrated the utility of multi-dimensional statistical techniques for disentangling the structure and typology of different gambling behaviors and discussed our results in context of the psychometric, empirical and theoretical implications.

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