scholarly journals Bacterial synthesis of nanoparticles: A green approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Tsekhmistrenko ◽  
V. S. Bityutskyy ◽  
O. S. Tsekhmistrenko ◽  
L. P. Horalskyi ◽  
N. O. Tymoshok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalytic Applications

In recent decades, the attention of scientists has been drawn towards nanoparticles (NPs) of metals and metalloids. Traditional methods for the manufacturing of NPs are now being extensively studied. However, disadvantages such as the use of toxic agents and high energy consumption associated with chemical and physical processes impede their continued use in various fields. In this article, we analyse the relevance of the use of living systems and their components for the development of "green" synthesis of nano-objects with exceptional properties and a wide range of applications. The use of nano-biotechnological methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles has the potential of large-scale application and high commercial potential. Bacteria are an extremely convenient target for green nanoparticle synthesis due to their variety and ability to adapt to different environmental conditions. Synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms can occur both intracellularly and extracellularly. It is known that individual bacteria are able to bind and concentrate dissolved metal ions and metalloids, thereby detoxifying their environment. There are various bacteria cellular components such as enzymes, proteins, peptides, pigments, which are involved in the formation of nanoparticles. Bio-intensive manufacturing of NPs is environmentally friendly and inexpensive and requires low energy consumption. Some biosynthetic NPs are used as heterogeneous catalysts for environmental restoration, exhibiting higher catalytic efficiency due to their stability and increased biocompatibility. Bacteria used as nanofactories can provide a new approach to the removal of metal or metalloid ions and the production of materials with unique properties. Although a wide range of NPs have been biosynthetic and their synthetic mechanisms have been proposed, some of these mechanisms are not known in detail. This review focuses on the synthesis and catalytic applications of NPs obtained using bacteria. Known mechanisms of bioreduction and prospects for the development of NPs for catalytic applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Microorganism Assisted Synthesized Nanoparticles for Catalytic Applications

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiao Fang ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Zegao Wang ◽  
Zaixing Jiang ◽  
Mingdong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Catalytic Applications

Metal and metalloid nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted substantial attention from research communities over the past few decades. Traditional methodologies for NP fabrication have also been intensely explored. However, drawbacks such as the use of toxic agents and the high energy consumption involved in chemical and physical processes hinder their further application in various fields. It is well known that some bacteria are capable of binding and concentrating dissolved metal and metalloid ions, thereby detoxifying their environments. Bioinspired fabrication of NPs is environmentally friendly and inexpensive and requires only low energy consumption. Some biosynthesized NPs are usually used as heterogeneous catalysts in environmental remediation and show higher catalytic efficiency because of their enhanced biocompatibility, stability and large specific surface areas. Therefore, bacteria used as nanofactories can provide a novel approach for removing metal or metalloid ions and fabricating materials with unique properties. Even though a wide range of NPs have been biosynthesized, and their synthetic mechanisms have been proposed, some of these mechanisms are not known in detail. This review focuses on the synthesis and catalytic applications of NPs obtained using bacteria. The known mechanisms of bioreduction and prospects in the design of NPs for catalytic applications are also discussed.

Nanoemulsions: A Versatile Technology for Oil and Gas Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf AlJabri ◽  
Nan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Droplet Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Droplet ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Nanoemulsions (NEs) are kinetically stable emulsions with droplet size on the order of 100 nm. Many unique properties of NEs, such as stability and rheology, have attracted considerable attention in the oil industry. Here, we review applications and studies of NEs for major upstream operations, highlighting useful properties of NEs, synthesis to render these properties, and techniques to characterize them. We identify specific challenges associated with large-scale applications of NEs and directions for future studies. We first summarize useful and unique properties of NEs, mostly arising from the small droplet size. Then, we compare different methods to prepare NEs based on the magnitude of input energy, i.e., low-energy and high-energy methods. In addition, we review techniques to characterize properties of NEs, such as droplet size, volume fraction of the dispersed phase, and viscosity. Furthermore, we discuss specific applications of NEs in four areas of upstream operations, i.e., enhanced oil recovery, drilling/completion, flow assurance, and stimulation. Finally, we identify challenges to economically tailor NEs with desired properties for large-scale upstream applications and propose possible solutions to some of these challenges. NEs are kinetically stable due to their small droplet size (submicron to 100 nm). Within this size range, the rate of major destabilizing mechanisms, such as coalescence, flocculation, and Ostwald ripening, is considerably slowed down. In addition, small droplet size yields large surface-to-volume ratio, optical transparency, high diffusivity, and controllable rheology. Similar to applications in other fields (food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc.), the oil and gas industry can also benefit from these useful properties of NEs. Proposed functions of NEs include delivering chemicals, conditioning wellbore/reservoir conditions, and improve chemical compatibility. Therefore, we envision NEs as a versatile technology that can be applied in a variety of upstream operations. Upstream operations often target a wide range of physical and chemical conditions and are operated at different time scales. More importantly, these operations typically consume a large amount of materials. These facts not only suggest efforts to rationally engineer properties of NEs in upstream applications, but also manifest the importance to economically optimize such efforts for large-scale operations. We summarize studies and applications of NEs in upstream operations in the oil and gas industry. We review useful properties of NEs that benefit upstream applications as well as techniques to synthesize and characterize NEs. More importantly, we identify challenges and opportunities in engineering NEs for large-scale operations in different upstream applications. This work not only focuses on scientific aspects of synthesizing NEs with desired properties but also emphasizes engineering and economic consideration that is important in the oil industry.

Energy-Efficiency in Cloud Data Centers

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-263
Author(s):  
Burak Kantarci ◽  
Hussein T. Mouftah
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
High Energy ◽  
It Services ◽  
Data Center Network ◽  
Cloud Data

Cloud computing aims to migrate IT services to distant data centers in order to reduce the dependency of the services on the limited local resources. Cloud computing provides access to distant computing resources via Web services while the end user is not aware of how the IT infrastructure is managed. Besides the novelties and advantages of cloud computing, deployment of a large number of servers and data centers introduces the challenge of high energy consumption. Additionally, transportation of IT services over the Internet backbone accumulates the energy consumption problem of the backbone infrastructure. In this chapter, the authors cover energy-efficient cloud computing studies in the data center involving various aspects such as: reduction of processing, storage, and data center network-related power consumption. They first provide a brief overview of the existing approaches on cool data centers that can be mainly grouped as studies on virtualization techniques, energy-efficient data center network design schemes, and studies that monitor the data center thermal activity by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The authors also present solutions that aim to reduce energy consumption in data centers by considering the communications aspects over the backbone of large-scale cloud systems.

The Key Technology Research of the Water Injection System Energy Saving for Super Low Permeability Reservoir in Changqing Oil Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1217-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Huang ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Gang Zheng ◽  
Jian Qiang Xue ◽  
Xue Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Load Rate

With the characteristics of low permeability, pressure and abundance, it's extremely hard to exploit the super low permeability reservoirs in ChangQing oil field. For this reason, the water injection recovery technique has been widely used. Analysis showed that a serious problem of high energy consumption exist in the water injection system, the power consumption of which accounts for about 44%. And the energy cost of pump units reach up to 43%, it's the highest energy consumption link in the system. In this paper the load rate classification method (LRCM) is firstly adopted to statistical analyze water injection stations, which are divided into the owing and over load rate stations. As a result, the owing load rate stations accounts for 83.8%, with a serious phenomenon of the Big Horse Pull A Small Carriage, causing the large-scale backflow in the station, and the efficiency is low, the energy consumption is on the high side. Aimed at water injection stations with different load rate, the methods of reasonable shutting down the pumps, pump replacement, optimizing the transmission ratio and piston size, as well as the speed control technology have been used to make the outlet flow and actual demand reasonable matching. The test result shows that the energy saving technology is well targeted, simple, practical and low cost. The pump units’ efficiency improves obviously, the consumption reduces by 10%, which greatly improve the oilfield economic benefits.

A Time Synchronization Algorithm Based on Cluster-Tree

2014 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 348-351
Author(s):  
Hao Gang ◽  
Yi Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Synchronization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cluster Tree ◽  
Network Synchronization ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Synchronization Algorithm ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Concerning the problem that classical time synchronization algorithms applied to large-scale Wireless Sensor Network have low precision and high energy consumption, this paper proposes a time synchronization algorithm based on cluster-tree. The algorithm can decrease the synchronization hop count by constructing a spanning tree, and uses two-way SRS in inter-cluster and one-way ROS in intra-cluster to reduce the number of messages required for the network synchronization. The experimental results show that the algorithm can keep the network synchronization precision at a higher level and effectively reduce energy consumption of nodes compared with the RBS and TPSN.

Process Optimization of One-Stage Propane Pre-Cooled MRC Cycle for Small-Scale LNG Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1184-1187
Author(s):  
Heng Sun ◽  
Dan Shu ◽  
Hong Mei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Main Process ◽  
One Stage ◽  
High Energy Efficiency ◽  
The One

One-stage pre-cooled mixture refrigerant cycle can be applied in small-scale LNG plant and be special suitable for skit mounted LNG plant. It has different character with the C3MR cycle used in large-scale LNG plant. The optimization of the mixture refrigerant is carried out using HYSYS software. The effect of the main process parameters on the performance of the cycle is calculated and discussed. The result shows that appropriate ranges of the process parameters exist. Higher and lower values of the parameters will increase the energy consumption significantly. The results also indicate that the optimization of the one-stage pre-cooled mixture refrigerant cycle can obtain rather high energy efficiency that is competitive with that of the SMR which is widely employed in small-scale LNG plant.

scholarly journals Production of high-protein biscuits for people with increased physical activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
S. V. Yegorova ◽  
A. A. Slavyanskiy ◽  
T. A. Postnikova ◽  
L. V. Ustinova ◽  
R. S. Rostegaev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Food Product ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Wide Range

People whose professional activity is associated with high energy consumption have a completely different lifestyle, unusual for the average person engaged in mental activity. They are directly related to one thing in common - high levels of physical activity. This leads to a large expenditure of the body's own energy and the breakdown of muscle tissue. To maintain the optimal state of a person during a period of intense activity, it is necessary to replenish energy costs in order to avoid the development of an extreme state, which is characterized by a severe state of the body, which develops under the influence of extreme emergency factors of the external and internal environments and is characterized by significant disorders of the body's vital functions. The article discusses issues related to rations for people with increased physical activity in extreme situations. Despite the fact that on the food market for people with increased physical activity there is a wide range of various snacks that are part of pocket and dry rations, one of the important tasks is to develop a modern food product that provides an increase in nutritional value. The existing rations are of insufficient nutritional value. The solution to this problem is possible through new technologies. The most promising are finely ground mixtures of various vegetables and fruits in combination with grain products. The creation of a new product in the form of a mixture for biscuits will expand the range of functional products and increase the profit of enterprises, since sales of such products in 2019 amounted to 274 billion rubles, which is 16 billion rubles more than in 2018. Biscuits from a multicomponent mixture with a high-grade protein in the composition will allow you to quickly restore the energy consumption of highly active people.

scholarly journals Green Buildings Amid Efficiency and Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosof M Khalifa ◽  
Salah M Mady
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Building Operation ◽  
Made In

The vast increase of energy consumption, global warming and the harm they cause to the environment, emerge to be a major obstruction that distresses the world today. The current work views one of the methods that the world focused on as means of reducing the environmental harms and that is, through green building, or in more common words sustainable buildings. Those means, covers the exercising of a wide range of applications including merging of new and specific technologies in which through fulfilling its basis, the process of evaluation of the building takes place in terms of its harmony with the environment, reduction of energy consumption, and the reduction of the environmental problems caused by the building life cycle starting from defining of location, design of the building, operation, maintenance, repairing and up to the renewal of the building.  Despite the significance of green building, no profit nor implementations has yet been made in Libya. The latter is due to the lack of awareness by many Libyan social groups. From here, the idea behind this paper crystalized. It aims to spread and enhance the knowledge and techniques of green building. It also penetrates into the green building features and advantages that are considered to be a preliminary step to start its application in a wide range coinciding with the grand progress that the country has witnessed in the field of construction and housing. This paper concludes that it is possible to reduce energy consumption and the harm it causes to the environment after the implementation and merging of green building techniques and should be applied on a large scale covering the whole country. 

scholarly journals Large Scale Hotel Resource Retrieval Algorithm Based on Characteristic Threshold Extraction

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Min Fang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Error Component ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Data Detection ◽  
Redundant Data ◽  
Variable Window ◽  
Resource Data

At present, the hotel resource retrieval algorithm has the problem of low retrieval efficiency, low accuracy, low security and high energy consumption, and this study proposes a large scale hotel resource retrieval algorithm based on characteristic threshold extraction. In the large-scale hotel resource data, the mass sequence is decomposed into periodic component, trend component, random error component and burst component. Different components are extracted, the singular point detection is realized by the extraction results, and the abnormal data in the hotel resource data are obtained. Based on the attribute of hotel resource data, the data similarity is processed with variable window, the total similarity of data is obtained, and the abnormal detection of redundant resource data is realized. The abnormal data detection results and redundant data detection results are substituted into the space-time filter, and the data processing is completed. The retrieval problem is identified, and the data processing results are replaced in the hotel resource retrieval based on the characteristic threshold extraction to achieve the normalization of data source and rule knowledge. The characteristic threshold and retrieval strategy are determined, and data fusion reasoning is carried out. After repeated iteration, effective solutions are obtained. The effective solution is fused to get the best retrieval result. Experimental results showed that the algorithm has higher retrieval accuracy, efficiency and security coefficient, and the average search energy consumption is 56n J/bit.

Research on a Novel High-Speed Pulsating Turning Technology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanfeng He ◽  
Wenwu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Cutting Efficiency ◽  
Cutting Heat ◽  
Lathe Machine ◽  
Machine Speed

As one of the most important machining methods, common turning has been applied on vast machining fields. Parts in revolving shape can be easily machined using lathe machine. But severe cutting heat is often generated by the contact of tool and work-piece in the procedure of turning. High cutting heat not only affects tool life and processing quality but also leads to low cutting efficiency and high energy consumption. As to the demands of processing work-piece in large scale like marine shaft, heavy lathe is utilized. Considering the inertia load and the stability of the whole machine, speed of spindle is limited and the cutting efficiency is limited thusly because cutting speed is determined by rotate speed of spindle with fixed tool. A novel high-speed pulsating turning technology (HSPT) was proposed in this paper. The contact relation between tool and work-piece was modified to be pulsating instead of continuous in common methods. The advantages of HSPT include lower energy consumption, less cutting heat, higher cutting speed compared with common method. Features of energy consumption, contact duration of tools and work-piece, surface roughness, etc. was investigated through theoretical analysis and experiment study, which have verified the advanced performance of HSPT.

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