scholarly journals Phytoplankton succession in the anthropogenic and climate ecological transformation of freshwater ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Y. S. Shelyuk ◽  
L. Y. Astahova
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Cyclotella Meneghiniana ◽  
Water Courses

The study is focused on the influence of mechanisms of anthropogenic activity and climate changes of different types and levels on the autotrophic link of freshwater ecosystems. The studies of the river, lake, water reservoir and quarry phytoplankton in the territory of the Ukrainian Polissia were carried out during 2005–2019 according to the standard methods. At the same time, we determined water hydrophysical and hydrochemical characteristics. Exactly 812 algal species represented by 877 infraspecific taxa were identified, including 75 new ones for the Ukrainian Polissia, with a significant share of thermophiles and halophiles. The dominance of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenozoa and Cyanobacteria was observed in all types of water bodies. With the increase in the nutrient content in the composition of dominant complexes of river ecosystems, the role of centric diatoms Cyclotella meneghiniana, C. stelligera, Stephanodiscus hantzschii increased. The vegetation intensity of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae increased in the water courses with partially regulated flow, while vegetation of Chrysococcus rufescens, Pseudokephyrion pillidium, Kephyrion ovum intensified in rivers with increased colour of water. Water reservoirs are dominated by representatives of Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenozoa, Miozoa, mostly by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Peridinium cinctum. The lowest number of dominant species was identified in the lakes, and belonged to the genera Trachelomonas, Peridinium, Chlamydomonas, Crucigeniella, Cyclotella, Aulacoseira. The dominant species in quarries were Cyclotella meneghiniana, Chlamydomonas monadina, Ch. globosa, Coelastrum microporum, Gomphosphaeria aponina, Trachelomonas volvocina and Microcystis aeruginosa. The obtained data can be used to predict scenarios of changes in the autotrophic link under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, to develop methods for monitoring and managing ecosystems at different levels of anthropogenic transformation necessary to ensure an appropriate level of their functions and ecological services.

ROLE OF DROUGHT AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS IN ORGANIZATION OF NUT ORGANIZATIONS IN MOUNTAIN AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Odina Khasanova ◽  
Karomathon Kholmatova
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mountain Areas

scholarly journals The Patterns and Puzzles of Genetic Diversity of Endangered Freshwater Mussel Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 Populations from Vistula and Neman Drainages (Eastern Central Europe)

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Adrianna Kilikowska ◽  
Monika Mioduchowska ◽  
Anna Wysocka ◽  
Agnieszka Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba ◽  
Joanna Rychlińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors

Mussels of the family Unionidae are important components of freshwater ecosystems. Alarmingly, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Red List of Threatened Species identifies almost 200 unionid species as extinct, endangered, or threatened. Their decline is the result of human impact on freshwater habitats, and the decrease of host fish populations. The Thick Shelled River Mussel Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 is one of the examples that has been reported to show a dramatic decline of populations. Hierarchical organization of riverine systems is supposed to reflect the genetic structure of populations inhabiting them. The main goal of this study was an assessment of the U. crassus genetic diversity in river ecosystems using hierarchical analysis. Different molecular markers, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS region, and mitochondrial DNA genes (cox1 and ndh1), were used to examine the distribution of U. crassus among-population genetic variation at multiple spatial scales (within rivers, among rivers within drainages, and between drainages of the Neman and Vistula rivers). We found high genetic structure between both drainages suggesting that in the case of the analyzed U. crassus populations we were dealing with at least two different genetic units. Only about 4% of the mtDNA variation was due to differences among populations within drainages. However, comparison of population differentiation within drainages for mtDNA also showed some genetic structure among populations within the Vistula drainage. Only one haplotype was shared among all Polish populations whereas the remainder were unique for each population despite the hydrological connection. Interestingly, some haplotypes were present in both drainages. In the case of U. crassus populations under study, the Mantel test revealed a relatively strong relationship between genetic and geographical distances. However, in detail, the pattern of genetic diversity seems to be much more complicated. Therefore, we suggest that the observed pattern of U. crassus genetic diversity distribution is shaped by both historical and current factors i.e. different routes of post glacial colonization and history of drainage systems, historical gene flow, and more recent habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenic factors.

scholarly journals On the diverse and opposing effects of nutrition on pathogen virulence

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1906) ◽  
pp. 20191220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Pike ◽  
Katrina A. Lythgoe ◽  
Kayla C. King
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and anthropogenic activity are currently driving large changes in nutritional availability across ecosystems, with consequences for infectious disease. An increase in host nutrition could lead to more resources for hosts to expend on the immune system or for pathogens to exploit. In this paper, we report a meta-analysis of studies on host–pathogen systems across the tree of life, to examine the impact of host nutritional quality and quantity on pathogen virulence. We did not find broad support across studies for a one-way effect of nutrient availability on pathogen virulence. We thus discuss a hypothesis that there is a balance between the effect of host nutrition on the immune system and on pathogen resources, with the pivot point of the balance differing for vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Our results suggest that variation in nutrition, caused by natural or anthropogenic factors, can have diverse effects on infectious disease outcomes across species.

Links between pond and dike, their potential and impacts on livelihood.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjurul Karim ◽  
Md. Abdul Wahab ◽  
David Little ◽  
Md. Shamsul ◽  
V. Marc
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Productive System ◽  
Principal Source ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Inland Water Bodies

Abstract Aquaculture and horticulture are interlinked and both of these agricultural components have considerable importance in the economy of Bangladesh. Most people in this country depend on fish as the principal source of animal protein. Vegetables are also considered by Bangladeshi people as important food items and as a source of micronutrients. Ponds, among various inland water bodies, are the most important water reservoir, providing access to fish, irrigation for surrounding vegetables and rice crops and water for family use, and thus are an integral part of rural and peri-urban households. Integration of crops with fish farming through pond-dike systems may be an economically viable and productive system for both richer and poorer farmers in rural and peri-urban areas in Bangladesh. High-cost inputs in fish farming are not needed in such pond-dike systems, therefore reducing the cost of inputs, provided that there is proper integration between pond and crops grown in the vicinity. A community-level assessment of the importance and role of pond-dike systems and a baseline study, carried out in villages in Mymensingh district in early 2002 by the Pondlive project funded by the European Commission, are outlined.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Coexistence of Archaeal and BacterialamoAGenes and Gene Transcripts in Lake Lucerne

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth W. Vissers ◽  
Flavio S. Anselmetti ◽  
Paul L. E. Bodelier ◽  
Gerard Muyzer ◽  
Christa Schleper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Lake Lucerne ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Despite their crucial role in the nitrogen cycle, freshwater ecosystems are relatively rarely studied for active ammonia oxidizers (AO). This study of Lake Lucerne determined the abundance of bothamoAgenes and gene transcripts of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) over a period of 16 months, shedding more light on the role of both AO in a deep, alpine lake environment. At the surface, at 42 m water depth, and in the water layer immediately above the sediment, AOA generally outnumbered AOB. However, in the surface water during summer stratification, when both AO were low in abundance, AOB were more numerous than AOA. Temporal distribution patterns of AOA and AOB were comparable. Higher abundances ofamoAgene transcripts were observed at the onset and end of summer stratification. In summer, archaealamoAgenes and transcripts correlated negatively with temperature and conductivity. Concentrations of ammonium and oxygen did not vary enough to explain theamoAgene and transcript dynamics. The observed herbivorous zooplankton may have caused a hidden flux of mineralized ammonium and a change in abundance of genes and transcripts. At the surface, AO might have been repressed during summer stratification due to nutrient limitation caused by active phytoplankton.

scholarly journals Fungi associated to bark lesions of Eucalyptus globulus stems in plantations from Uruguay

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Alonso ◽  
Susana Tiscornia ◽  
Acelino Couto Alfenas ◽  
Lina Bettucci
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
West Region ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Trees with stem bark lesions are frequently observed in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations, particularly in the central west region of Uruguay. These lesions constitute a problem for trunk decortications at harvest and they also facilitate the access of fungi that could cause wood decay. Seven, three and oneyear-old plantations, located at three sites in close proximity were selected. Four types of trunk lesions were present in trees regardless the age of plantation and more than one type was found in each plantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal composition associated with these lesions and compare them to healthy tissues and try to find out the origin of these symptoms. Another purpose was to elucidate the real role of the fungi considered pathogens by means of experimental inoculations. Segments from lesions and healthy tissues yielded 897 fungal isolates belonging to 32 taxa, 681 isolates from bark lesions and 216 from healthy tissues. Both healthy and symptomatic tissues showed similar fungal species composition, but with differences in frequencies of colonization. Cytospora eucalypticola Van der Westhuizen, Botryosphaeria spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey. and Penicillium spp. were the dominant species isolated. As symptoms were not reproduced after experimental inoculation with Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & Duggar and B. eucalyptorum Crous, & M.J. Wingf, it could be suggested that these lesions were originated by unfavorable environmental conditions. The frost that occurred for several days out of season and flooding may have been involved in the development of bark lesion.

scholarly journals Assessment of diversity and physico-chemical parameters of cyanobacteria, diatoms and other algal species in the paddy fields of Belagavi district, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Santoshkumar Jayagoudar ◽  
Pradeep Bhat ◽  
Ankita Magdum ◽  
Duradundi Sakreppagol ◽  
Laxmi Murgod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Range Estimation ◽  
The North ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water And Soil Samples ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Good Range

Algae are the diverse group of organisms in the soil and aquatic environment. The role of them in soil fertility enhancement has been extensively studied worldwide. Belagavi is a tropical agricultural belt in the North Karnataka region with highly fertile soil. Water and soil samples were collected randomly from the paddy field of 15–20 well-distributed spots in 4 selected locations viz Kusumali, Jamboti, Kinaye and Piranwadi. The identification revealed the presence of 94 species and 71 genera in the investigated sites. Among all, 62 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae, 14 species to Chlorophyceae, 10 species to Cyanophyceae, 3 to Xanthophyceae, followed by Trebouxiophyceae and Zygnematophyceae (2 species each) and one species of Ulvophyceae. The maximum number of 62 species was recorded from Kusamali, followed by 49 species in Kinaye, 44 in Jamboti and 35 in Piranwadi. The month of February had the highest number of species (61), decreased to 45 in March, 42 in April and 37 in May. Among the physicochemical parameters analysed for the soil samples, it was found that the pH of the soil is slightly acidic in all the study sites ranged between 5.03–5.85. Further, the electrical conductivity (EC) varied from 0.27–0.345 dS/m, found to be in a good range. Estimation of available micro and macronutrients of soil were measured, and it was found to be at low to moderate levels. The present study indicates the extensive distribution of different classes of algae in the rice fields of four study locations in Belagavi.

scholarly journals The role of unpaved roads in the formation of landslide processes (on the example of Voronezh region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
Landslide Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Landslide Distribution

The article gives a brief description of the Voronezh region, provides data on the cause of landslides in its territory. The cyclical nature of landslide processes is noted, which in the region is on average 6-8 years. Attention is focused on anthropogenic activity, leading to the occurrence of creeping layers of the earth. The main causes of erosion processes are: significant plowing of the area (80%), which is not subject to the rules of anti-erosion agrotechnology; the irrational use of pastures and hayfields; an extensive gully-beam network. The role of temporary reservoirs formed in the ruts of unpaved roads, passing along the slopes and ravines, as a source of overmoistening of the soil layers and initiation of landslide processes is considered. The analysis of the landslide distribution over the territory of the Voronezh region and their dependence on the network of dirt roads is given. The areas of the Voronezh region were ranked by the number of landslide processes associated with the impact of a number of unpaved highways. Of the 32 districts of the region, according to this ranking, 12 are extremely dangerous, very dangerous and dangerous, and the same areas have a very extensive network of unpaved roads running near ravines, steep banks of rivers and ponds, where potentially flow of landslide processes. Dirt roads often have relatively deep ruts where melted or rainwater accumulates, forming local micro-ponds. Flowing to the waterproof layer, water saturates the soil layer, which can slide down the slope, forming a landslide process. It is necessary to predict the possibility of the occurrence of dangerous natural phenomena when laying automobile dirt roads.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity of Saprolegniales and Fungi Isolated from Temperate Lakes in Northeast Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Hossein Masigol ◽  
Jason Nicholas Woodhouse ◽  
Pieter van West ◽  
Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa ◽  
Keilor Rojas-Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

The contribution of fungi to the degradation of plant litter and transformation of dissolved organic matter (humic substances, in particular) in freshwater ecosystems has received increasing attention recently. However, the role of Saprolegniales as one of the most common eukaryotic organisms is rarely studied. In this study, we isolated and phylogenetically placed 51 fungal and 62 Saprolegniales strains from 12 German lakes. We studied the cellulo-, lignino-, and chitinolytic activity of the strains using plate assays. Furthermore, we determined the capacity of 10 selected strains to utilize 95 different labile compounds, using Biolog FF MicroPlates™. Finally, the ability of three selected strains to utilize maltose and degrade/produce humic substances was measured. Cladosporium and Penicillium were amongst the most prevalent fungal strains, while Saprolegnia, Achlya, and Leptolegnia were the most frequent Saprolegniales strains. Although the isolated strains assigned to genera were phylogenetically similar, their enzymatic activity and physiological profiling were quite diverse. Our results indicate that Saprolegniales, in contrast to fungi, lack ligninolytic activity and are not involved in the production/transformation of humic substances. We hypothesize that Saprolegniales and fungi might have complementary roles in interacting with dissolved organic matter, which has ecological implications for carbon cycling in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals The Legacy of the Idrija Mine Twenty-Five Years after Closing: Is Mercury in the Water Column of the Gulf of Trieste Still an Environmental Issue?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10192
Author(s):  
Elena Pavoni ◽  
Elisa Petranich ◽  
Sergio Signore ◽  
Giorgio Fontolan ◽  
Stefano Covelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
Fine Sediments ◽  
Gulf Of Trieste ◽  
Freshwater Inputs

Mercury (Hg) contamination in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea) due to mining activity in Idrija (Slovenia) still represents an issue of environmental concern. The Isonzo/Soča River’s freshwater inputs have been identified as the main source of Hg into the Gulf, especially following periods of medium-high discharge. This research aims to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of dissolved (DHg) and particulate (PHg) Hg along the water column in the northernmost sector of the Gulf, a shallow and sheltered embayment suitable for the accumulation of fine sediments. Sediment and water samples were collected under unperturbed and perturbed environmental conditions induced by natural and anthropogenic factors. Mercury in the sediments (0.77–6.39 µg g−1) and its relationship to grain size were found to be consistent with previous research focused on the entire Gulf, testifying to the common origin of the sediment. Results showed a notable variability of DHg (<LOD–149 ng L−1) and PHg (0.39–12.5 ng L−1) depending on the interaction between riverine and marine hydrological conditions. Mercury was found to be mainly partitioned in the suspended particles, especially following periods of high discharge, thus confirming the crucial role of the river inputs in regulating PHg distribution in the Gulf.

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