Моніторинг вмісту нітратів в овочевих культурах Ужгородського району

The aim of our research was to conduct a monitoring study of nitrate content in plant products of Uzhgorod district and to accomplish comparative analysis of the survey results in different periods of crop ripening. Selection of vegetable samples was carried out in Uzhgorod district in the early spring and summer periods. Determination of the nitrate content was performed using an ion-selective method at the Chemical and Toxicological Department of the Regional State Veterinary Medicine Laboratory in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Vegetables were tested for nitrate content using the ion-selective method with the laboratory ion meter AI-123. Core investigation samples were crushed and homogenized. A 10.0 g weight of the investigated product, which was prepared according to MIR № 5048-89, was placed in a flat-bottomed or a conical flask, which was then filled with 50 cm3 potassium alumens solution and shaken in a shaking-machine for 5 minutes and then transferred into a measuring glass. The nitrate weight fraction in milligrams per kilogram was obtained together with the weight concentration value of nitrate ions in solution. For our study we selected vegetables grown in both public and private gardens of Uzhgorod district, namely: common onions, radishes, garden parsley, cucumbers, tomatoes, bell peppers, white cabbages, carrots and table beets. 25 samples were selected for each type of vegetable. Nitrate content was determined in the early spring growing period (from February 9 to May 27, 2011) and in the summer growing period (from June 3 to September 28, 2011), because in these particular periods we recorded the most frequent cases of food poisoning from nitrates among the population of the region. A clear trend has been traced towards increasing the nitrate content in food plant production, at levels which exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The results of our research demonstrate that the nitrate content exceeded the maximum permissible concentration in 9 kinds of vegetables out of the 11 selected for the investigation, which composes 82% of total production. In particular, among the selected vegetables an excess of nitrate content, above MPC was recorded in 100% of cucumbers, 92% of carrots, 40% samples of green onions, 40% of radishes, 40% of tomatoes, 28% bell peppers, and 16% of early white cabbages. However, the most significant nitrate excess, which was more than double the MPC, was observed in 56% of cucumbers, 20% of tomatoes, 8% of radishes in the early spring period and 4% of tomatoes in the summer period. Consequently, it has been established that the consumption of early vegetable production contributes to the ingestion by humans of significant amounts of nitrates. The application of an agrochemical system based upon sound measurement of the nitrate content would allow us to solve the task of increasing soil fertility and to form a deficit-free and positive balance of biogenic elements and humus in the "soil – plant – fertilizer" system and develop a system of crop production which is balanced in its chemical composition and nutritional value. To sum up, detailed determination of the factors that lead to the accumulation of nitrates in vegetable crops and the development of methods to reduce nitrate concentrations in crop production require further investigation.

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Conservation of Soil Moisture Using Mulch of Green Bean Plants (Vigna Radiata)

Musamus AE Featuring Journal ◽

10.35724/maef-j.v1i1.1609 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

Frederikus Suburika ◽

Yosefina Mangera ◽

Wahida Wahida

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Content ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Crop Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Plant Production ◽

Green Bean ◽

Total Production ◽

Straw Mulch

The aim to this study was to determine the effect of plastic silver mulch and rice straw mulch on soil moisture conservation of green bean so that the plant can grow in dry season with enough water. The method used in this study was a randomized block design with three treatments: no mulch (T0), plastic silver mulch (T1) and rice straw mulch (T2). The parameters observed were physical soil of initial and final research, soil moisture measurements every 3 days, as well as growth and crop production parameters including plant height, number of seeds in pods, 100 seeds weight, sample plant production and total production. The results showed that the physical of soil analyzed were clay textured soil, preliminary porosity 60.77 and at the end of the study increased to 77.50%, organic matter 1.52%, initial bulk density 1.04 g/cm3 at the end of the study decreased to 0.60 g/cm3, soil permeability of 7.77 cm / hour and available water is 13.95%. The use of rice straw mulch from the beginning to the end of the study showed the best water content while the use of plastic silver mulch and no mulch showed water content not much different. The use of palstic silver mulch gives the highest yield of the best crops on 14 HST measurements where the plastic silver mulch differs markedly by the rice straw mulch and no mulch. The yield of green beans produced in the treatment of plastic silver mulch using the best results with a total production of 2.00 tons/ha, this result is significantly different from no mulch but not significantly different of rice straw mulch. Rice straw mulch is better used for soil conservation because it can improve soil aeration, retain water, prevent soil erosion, and increase organic matter on the soil.

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Winter cover crops to minimize nitrate losses in intensive lettuce production

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600076796 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

L. E. Jackson ◽

L. J. Wyland ◽

L. J. Stivers

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Crop Production ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Early Spring ◽

First Year ◽

Growing Period ◽

Mineralizable N ◽

Second Year

SUMMARYA 2-year study conducted in Salinas, California in 1989–91 showed that soil nitrate (NO3–N) concentrations were reduced by cover crops during a short winter fallow period and that this practice can be compatible with year-round vegetable crop production schedules by planting and incorporating cover crops directly on the beds into which the lettuce crop will be direct seeded in the early spring. Cover crops grown the first year were oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus cv. Renova), white senf mustard (Brassica hirta cv. Martigena), white mustard (Brassica alba), Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia cv. Phaci), rye (Secale cereale cv. Merced) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Only phacelia and Merced rye were included in the second year. In both years, all of the cover crops depleted soil NO3-N and soil moisture relative to the fallow control. Estimates of cover crop root length, based on core sampling to 60 cm soil depth, averaged 18800 m/m2 after 17 weeks of growth the first year and 12500 m/m2 after 13 weeks of growth the second year. Above-ground dry matter production averaged 449 g/m2 (12·8 g N/m2) the first year and 161 g/m2 (61 g N/m2) during a shorter growing period and under the more adverse growing conditions of the second year. Following cover crop incorporation with a rotary tiller, soil ammonium (NH4-N), N03-N and net mineralizable N (anaerobic incubation) peaked after c. 1 week, then gradually declined for 1 month. Cover-cropped plots sustained higher net mineralizable N levels than the fallow control after incorporation. Nitrate concentrations after spring rains were lower in soils left fallow during winter. The subsequent lettuce crop was not affected by cover crop treatment.

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Using sensors in precision crop production

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/49/2540 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 267-270

Author(s):

Rezső Schmidt ◽

Barbara Mogyorósi ◽

István Gergely

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Content ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Crop Production ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Plant Production ◽

Plant Analysis

Proper plant nutrition that takes into consideration both the requirements of plants and ecological conditions is one of the most important precondition of successful plant production. An important element of the N-fertilization of wheat is that the optimum zone of nitrogen supply is significantly narrower than that of other plant species, therefore it can easily happen that we apply higher or lower nitrogen doses than the optimal one. A possible solution to this problem can be precision agriculture. Applying the methods of precision agriculture we can take into consideration the heterogeneity of fields. By applying precision methods either online or offline we can intervene faster than if we would rely only on regular soil and plant analysis procedures. The determination of the doses of nitrogen and the timing of application are influenced also environmental andeconomic aspects. The chlorophyll content of the leaves indicates the nitrogen status of plants, since there is a relationship between the nitrogen content and the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves. According to plant analysis results there was a strong and significant relationship between the values of the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)and the total nitrogen content measured in the leaves.

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Phosphorus Fertilization in Ebb and Flow Production of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.523b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 523b-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erin James ◽

Marc van Iersel

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Production ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Time Interval ◽

Nutrient Runoff ◽

Growing Period ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Bedding Plant ◽

Ebb And Flow

The quantity and quality of available water in the Southeastern United States continues to decline as demands on limited resources increase. Growers will soon be forced to comply with legal limitations on water consumption and limits on nutrient runoff from their operations. A lack of information on standard growing practices using alternative irrigation systems such as ebb and flow is hindering their acceptance and implementation. We are currently conducting a series of experiments to establish basic growing guidelines for the use of ebb and flow in the greenhouse in bedding plant production. In the third of these experiments, Petunia × hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr. `Blue Frost' and Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch. `Ambassador Scarlet' were grown for 5 weeks on ebb and flow tables with fertigation solutions (225 ppm N) containing three different levels of phosphorus (0, 50, and 100 ppm). Three soilless media were also used, which varied in their percentage content of vermiculite, perlite, pine bark and coconut coir. For both the begonias and petunias dry mass of the shoot was greatest in plants grown with higher levels of phosphorus. In comparison to plants grown with 0 ppm phosphorous, petunias and begonias grown with 50 or 100 ppm P were 44% and 25% greater in mass, respectively. However, begonias had 38% more flowers when fertigated with the higher levels of phosphorous while petunias flowered earlier with 0 ppm P fertigation solution. The electrical conductivity of the media did not change significantly over the course of the growing period, but the pH dropped by an average of 1 over the same time interval.

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The Influence of Opencast Lignite Mining Dehydration on Plant Production—A Methodological Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14071917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1917

Author(s):

Benedykt Pepliński ◽

Wawrzyniec Czubak

Keyword(s):

Brown Coal ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Production ◽

External Costs ◽

Opencast Mines ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Potato Yields ◽

Burning Coal ◽

Depression Cone ◽

The Cost

In many circles, brown coal continues to be viewed as a cheap source of energy, resulting in numerous investments in new opencast brown coal mines. Such a perception of brown coal energy is only possible if the external costs associated with mining and burning coal are not considered. In past studies, external cost analysis has focused on the external costs of coal burning and associated emissions. This paper focuses on the extraction phase and assesses the external costs to agriculture associated with the resulting depression cone. This paper discusses the difficulties researchers face in estimating agricultural losses resulting from the development of a depression cone due to opencast mineral extraction. In the case of brown coal, the impacts are of a geological, natural-climatic, agricultural-productive, temporal, and spatial nature and result from a multiplicity of interacting factors. Then, a methodology for counting external costs in crop production was proposed. The next section estimates the external costs of crop production arising from the operation of opencast mines in the Konin-Turek brown coal field, which is located in central Poland. The analyses conducted showed a large decrease in grain and potato yields and no effect of the depression cone on sugar beet levels. Including the estimated external costs in the cost of producing electricity from mined brown coal would significantly worsen the profitability of that production.

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Managing pH of Organic Matrices and New Commercial Substrates for Ornamental Plant Production: A Methodological Approach

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 851

Author(s):

Sonia Cacini ◽

Sara Di Lonardo ◽

Simone Orsenigo ◽

Daniele Massa

Keyword(s):

Methodological Approach ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Plant Production ◽

Climatic Chamber ◽

Step Procedure ◽

Coir Dust ◽

Organic Matrices ◽

Substrate Mixtures

Professional peat-free substrates for ornamental plant production are increasingly required by nursery growers. Most promising materials are green compost, coconut coir dust, and woody fibre, used alone or in mixtures. One of the major concerns is pH, usually higher than optimal. In this work, a method based on a three-step procedure was adopted to acidify three organic matrices alone or in mixtures and to individuate the most suitable product, between iron(II) sulphate 7-hydrate and elemental sulphur chips. Firstly, the determination of the buffering capacity by dilution with sulphuric acid was carried out to determine dosages. Afterwards, an incubation trial of 84 (iron(II) sulphate) or 120 days (sulphur chips) was conducted on matrices and substrate mixtures with calculated doses in a climatic chamber maintained at 21 °C. Iron(II) sulphate resulted not suitable because it caused a rapid, but not lasting, pH lowering and an excessive electrical conductivity (EC) increase. Sulphur chips could instead guarantee an adequate and lasting pH lowering. These results were then validated in the open field trial on matrices and substrates. The proposed acidification methodology could be considered in developing new substrates, but the rapidity of pH acidification and EC increase on plant and mineral nutrition should be further investigated.

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Selective method for the determination of cefdinir in human plasma using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandam mass spectrometry

Journal of Chromatography B ◽

10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.02.047 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 834 (1-2) ◽

pp. 163-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Zhang-jing Chen ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Ji-cheng Yu ◽

Guo-ying Cao ◽

Xiao-jie Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Electrospray Ionization ◽

Human Plasma ◽

Selective Method

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UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Lambda-Cyhalothrin Insecticide in Vegetables, Soil and Water Samples

Journal of Ravishankar University (Part-B) ◽

10.52228/jrub.2018-31-1-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Deepak Kumar Sahu ◽

Joyce Rai ◽

Chhaya Bhatt ◽

Manish K. Rai ◽

Jyoti Goswami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Low Cost ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Yellow Colour ◽

Modern Age ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin

In modern age pesticide is used widely in agriculture. Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) is one of the most used pesticides which are used as a insecticide to kill pest, tricks, flies etc in agricultural field and it is also used for crop production. We have developed new method to detect LCT insecticide in agriculture field and reduce its uses. In this method we found the maximum absorbance at 460 nm for yellow colour dye. We also calculated limit of detection and limit of quantification 0.001 mg kg-1 and 0.056 mg kg-1 respectively. Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity was also calculated and obtained 1.782 ×107 mol-1 cm-1 and 9.996 ×10-6 µg cm-2 respectively. The obtained yellow colour dye obeyed Beer’s law limit range of 0.5 µg ml -1 to 16 µg ml-1 in 25 ml. This method is less time consuming, selective, simple, sensitive and low cost. Present method is successfully applied in various soil, water and vegetable samples.

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