scholarly journals Analysis of Mountain Relief for the Causes of Snow Avalanches

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795
Author(s):  
Roman M. Rudyi ◽  
Yuriy O. Kyselov ◽  
Halyna T. Domashenko ◽  
Olena Y. Kravets ◽  
Kateryna D. Husar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Solar Radiation Incident ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Fundamental Research

The descent of avalanches is quite a usual phenomenon for the Ukrainian Carpathians, as well as for the conditions of mountain terrain in general. The Gorgany range of the Carpathian mountains is a typical avalanche-prone territory. Avalanches cause significant damage to forestry and may lead to casualties. Therefore, descent of avalanches has for a long time been a subject of fundamental research in geomorphology, meteorology, topography, photogrammetry and GIS technologies. Using photogrammetric mapping, we analyzed the causes of the descent of one of the largest avalanches in the Ukrainian Carpathians for the past 15 years. The avalanche fell from Poliensky mountain in the Gorgany mountain range in 2006, causing destruction of a great amount of forest. The main causes of avalanches were divided into two groups, the first including more or less stable factors caused by impact of terrain and somewhat less by solar radiation and the second group comprising meteorological factors, such as prolonged snowstorms and snowfall, that is, different fluctuations in weather. The main attention was paid to the first group of factors. For this purpose, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the study area was developed, visualizing the terrain, demonstrating the studied slope of the mountain along which the avalanche slid. According to the digital model, we developed maps of the steepness andexposition of the slope. Also we calculated the coefficient for solar radiation incident on the slope and which depends on the height of the Sun above the horizon and the coordinates of the slope. Using these data, the illuminance map of the Poliensky mountain area was developed. Studies conducted using GIS technologies led to the conclusion that the determining factors that triggered the powerful avalanche from Poliensky mountain were the great steepness and length of the slope, as well as the absence of forest at the top of the mountain, i.e. at the beginning of the avalanche track.

Operational evaluation of the risk of development of waterflowing for making information in the unified state real estate register using GIS technologies (on the example of the Ob-Tomsk interfluve)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
K.I. Kuzevanov ◽  
◽  
E.Yu. Pasechnik ◽  
L.N. Chilinger ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
State Register ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Real Estate Register

The article analyzes the existing procedure for entering information on the boundaries of zones with special conditions for the use of territories in the Unified State Register of Real Estate using the example of flooding zones. The basic regulatory documents governing the procedure and procedure for establishing flood zones are identified, in which gaps are identified in the requirements for the content of the work to determine the boundaries of such zones and assess their accuracy. In this connection, it is proposed to use the algorithm developed by the authors to determine the boundaries of the zones of underflooding development based on the analysis of the hydrographic network and digital terrain model using GIS technologies. This methodology is aimed at an operational assessment of the conditions of built-up and built-up territories, which allows to reduce the financial costs of conducting expensive engineering surveys, the need of which remains to clarify the results of computer mapping in the most critical areas. The norms of accuracy of determining the boundaries of flood zones are proposed, which will correspond to the accuracy of determining the boundaries of the lands of the water fund. In order to test the developed algorithm, we chose the territory of the Ob-Tomsk interfluve, for which zoning was carried out according to the depth of groundwater and the territories of moderate and severe flooding were identified for the purpose of further more detailed study. Keywords: GIS technology; occurrence depth; Unified state register of real estate; flood zone; engineering survey; restrictions The groundwater; zoning of the territory; accuracy of determination of coordinates; business activity.

scholarly journals Understanding soil profiles and sediment redistribution over long time scales in an agrarian setting: the case of Lauwerdal (Northern France)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Krekelbergh ◽  
Amaury Frankl ◽  
Stefaan Dondeyne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Long Time

<p>Soil erosion constitutes a major problem in the European loess belt. From England to Eastern Europe, loess-derived soils are particularly susceptible to water and tillage erosion. This is certainly the case for the Aa River Basin (Nord-Pas-de-Calais, northern France), where a relatively thin Pleistocene loess cover is present on top of a substrate of clay-with-flints and Cretaceous chalk. This research aimed at quantifying the amount of soil eroded since its initiation. Making a gross balance of the soil erosion and sedimentation processes intends to study the evolution of the soil surface and the effects of different types of erosion over longer periods of time, and quantify erosion rates in agricultural areas.</p><p>The extent and amount of eroded soil was mapped in the Lauwerdal, a 63 ha large catchment in the headwaters of the Aa River Basin (Northern France). Based on four soil profiles, described and sampled along a topographic transect, and 256 augerings spaced along a grid, the original soil surface level was reconstructed. The current topographic surface was analysed based on a Digital Terrain Model obtained from UAV aerial photographs. The organic matter present in the filling of a former erosion channel, observed in one of the soil profiles, was dated by <sup>14</sup>C as an indication of the onset of the erosion and sedimentation process.</p><p>Water and tillage erosion are the main processes characterizing the study area: eroded soils (Nudiargic Luvisols) dominate the upper reaches of the study area with colluvium at the footslopes (Colluvic Regosols). The sediment budget reveals that the bulk of the sediments are discharged from the headwater catchment as the quantity of eroded soil (0.87 × 10<sup>6</sup> tonnes) is more than a ten-fold higher than the deposition (0.068 × 10<sup>6</sup> tonnes). The <sup>14</sup>C dating indicates that the erosion channels started filling up between the Early Iron Age and the Roman period, ca. 1200 years BP. The historical erosion rates are estimated at 491.4 t/km<sup>2</sup> per year, and deposition rates at 91.8 t/km<sup>2</sup> per year.</p><p>Our findings illustrate how the amount of soil eroded over a long time span can be estimated from soil morphologic features in combination with a detailed Digital Terrain Model. Indeed, human induced soil erosion dates back at least to Early Iron Age, when forest clearing for agricultural expanded. Surely, the mechanization and upscaling of agriculture in the 20<sup>th</sup> century will have exacerbated this process. The results also show that sediments are evacuated from headwater catchments and, consequently, must accumulate in the lower alluvial plains. Our findings corroborate research findings from the silt-loess belt of central Belgium where it was shown that soil erosion started in the same period and also led to the formation of wide alluvial valleys.</p>

scholarly journals Estimation of Potential Solar Radiation Using 50 m Grid Digital Terrain Model.

1999 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka KUROSE ◽  
Kenji NAGATA ◽  
Kazuhiko OHBA ◽  
Atsushi MARUYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PIT REMOVAL METHODS IN DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS OF VARIOUS RESOLUTIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
S. Šamanović ◽  
D. Medak ◽  
D. Gajski
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Raster Data ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Gis Software

Digital terrain model (DTM) is the base for calculation of the surface runoff under the influence of the gravity (gravity flow) in hydrological analysis. It is important to produce hydrologically corrected DTM with the removed natural and artificial depressions to avoid numerical problems in algorithms of the gravity flow. The pit removal procedure changes geomorphometry of the DTM. GIS software packages use pit removal algorithm independently of geomorphmetric features of the analyzed area. In need of minimally modified DTM after the pit removal areas, the carving method (deepen drainage routes) and the filling method (fill sink) were analyzed on three different geomorphometric areas (bare mountain range, hilly wooded area and the plain area intersected with the network of the drainage canals). The recommendation is given for the choice of geomorphometric least changing DTM algorithm. The input data are raster data of elevation points created by stereoscopic photogrammetry method in 5x5 and 25x25 meter resolution. Differences have been noticed during the process of creating raster data. The recommendation is given for the choice of the most acceptable method for each type of area on the basis of comparison of the original elevation points with the elevation points in created DTM.

scholarly journals University Management System Based On BIM-GIS-Technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. short26-1-short26-9
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tomchinskaya ◽  
Maria Galanina
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
University Management ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
The University

The work has an information system developed based on GIS and BIM technologies. The component of the geographic information system of the Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n. a. R.E. Alekseev - information model of the NSTU, built in the REVIT tool environment. The models include a digital terrain model, a three-dimensional model of the educational building and utilities, a library of materials. The features and technology of creating external models of the university are considered. The project is intended for administrative and economic services of the university, decision support for engineering, and economic services. The information system implemented within the framework of this technology will make it possible to determine the optimal parameters for the operation of a building throughout its entire life cycle and take into account aspects such as meeting legal, environmental, and operational requirements. The unique integration of BIM and GIS technologies implements the apparatus for data exchange between BIM and GIS components.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE PIT REMOVAL METHODS IN DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS OF VARIOUS RESOLUTIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 235-239
Author(s):  
S. Šamanović ◽  
D. Medak ◽  
D. Gajski
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Gravity Flow ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Raster Data ◽  
Plain Area ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
Gis Software

Digital terrain model (DTM) is the base for calculation of the surface runoff under the influence of the gravity (gravity flow) in hydrological analysis. It is important to produce hydrologically corrected DTM with the removed natural and artificial depressions to avoid numerical problems in algorithms of the gravity flow. The pit removal procedure changes geomorphometry of the DTM. GIS software packages use pit removal algorithm independently of geomorphmetric features of the analyzed area. In need of minimally modified DTM after the pit removal areas, the carving method (deepen drainage routes) and the filling method (fill sink) were analyzed on three different geomorphometric areas (bare mountain range, hilly wooded area and the plain area intersected with the network of the drainage canals). The recommendation is given for the choice of geomorphometric least changing DTM algorithm. The input data are raster data of elevation points created by stereoscopic photogrammetry method in 5x5 and 25x25 meter resolution. Differences have been noticed during the process of creating raster data. The recommendation is given for the choice of the most acceptable method for each type of area on the basis of comparison of the original elevation points with the elevation points in created DTM.

scholarly journals The Effect of LiDAR Sampling Density on DTM Accuracy for Areas with Heavy Forest Cover

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Mihnea Cățeanu ◽  
Arcadie Ciubotaru
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sampling Density ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Point Density ◽  
The Impact

Laser scanning via LiDAR is a powerful technique for collecting data necessary for Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation, even in densely forested areas. LiDAR observations located at the ground level can be separated from the initial point cloud and used as input for the generation of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) via interpolation. This paper proposes a quantitative analysis of the accuracy of DTMs (and derived slope maps) obtained from LiDAR data and is focused on conditions common to most forestry activities (rough, steep terrain with forest cover). Three interpolation algorithms were tested: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Natural Neighbour (NN) and Thin-Plate Spline (TPS). Research was mainly focused on the issue of point data density. To analyze its impact on the quality of ground surface modelling, the density of the filtered data set was artificially lowered (from 0.89 to 0.09 points/m2) by randomly removing point observations in 10% increments. This provides a comprehensive method of evaluating the impact of LiDAR ground point density on DTM accuracy. While the reduction of point density leads to a less accurate DTM in all cases (as expected), the exact pattern varies by algorithm. The accuracy of the LiDAR-derived DTMs is relatively good even when LiDAR sampling density is reduced to 0.40–0.50 points/m2 (50–60 % of the initial point density), as long as a suitable interpolation algorithm is used (as IDW proved to be less resilient to density reductions below approximately 0.60 points/m2). In the case of slope estimation, the pattern is relatively similar, except the difference in accuracy between IDW and the other two algorithms is even more pronounced than in the case of DTM accuracy. Based on this research, we conclude that LiDAR is an adequate method for collecting morphological data necessary for modelling the ground surface, even when the sampling density is significantly reduced.

scholarly journals DTM-based analysis of the spatial distribution of topolineaments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1185-1199
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Empirical Bayesian Kriging ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Airborne Laser

AbstractThe research area is located on the boundary between two Paleozoic structural units: the Radom–Kraśnik Block and the Mazovian–Lublin Basin in the southeastern Poland. The tectonic structures are separated by the Ursynów–Kazimierz Dolny fault zone. The digital terrain model obtained by the ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) method was used. Classification and filtration of an elevation point cloud were performed. Then, from the elevation points representing only surfaces, a digital terrain model was generated. The model was used to visually interpret the course of topolineaments and their automatic extraction from DTM. Two topolineament systems, trending NE–SW and NW–SE, were interpreted. Using the kernel density algorithm, topolineament density models were generated. Using the Empirical Bayesian Kriging, a thickness model of quaternary deposits was generated. A relationship was observed between the course of topolineaments and the distribution and thickness of Quaternary formations. The topolineaments were compared with fault directions marked on tectonic maps of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. Data validation showed consistency between topolineaments and tectonic faults. The obtained results are encouraging for further research.

scholarly journals Production, Validation and Morphometric Analysis of a Digital Terrain Model for Lake Trichonis Using Geospatial Technologies and Hydroacoustics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Triantafyllia-Maria Perivolioti ◽  
Antonios Mouratidis ◽  
Dimitrios Terzopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Kalaitzis ◽  
Dimitrios Ampatzidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain

Covering an area of approximately 97 km2 and with a maximum depth of 58 m, Lake Trichonis is the largest and one of the deepest natural lakes in Greece. As such, it constitutes an important ecosystem and freshwater reserve at the regional scale, whose qualitative and quantitative properties ought to be monitored. Depth is a crucial parameter, as it is involved in both qualitative and quantitative monitoring aspects. Thus, the availability of a bathymetric model and a reliable DTM (Digital Terrain Model) of such an inland water body is imperative for almost any systematic observation scenario or ad hoc measurement endeavor. In this context, the purpose of this study is to produce a DTM from the only official cartographic source of relevant information available (dating back approximately 70 years) and evaluate its performance against new, independent, high-accuracy hydroacoustic recordings. The validation procedure involves the use of echosoundings coupled with GPS, and is followed by the production of a bathymetric model for the assessment of the discrepancies between the DTM and the measurements, along with the relevant morphometric analysis. Both the production and validation of the DTM are conducted in a GIS environment. The results indicate substantial discrepancies between the old DTM and contemporary acoustic data. A significant overall deviation of 3.39 ± 5.26 m in absolute bottom elevation differences and 0.00 ± 7.26 m in relative difference residuals (0.00 ± 2.11 m after 2nd polynomial model corrector surface fit) of the 2019 bathymetric dataset with respect to the ~1950 lake DTM and overall morphometry appear to be associated with a combination of tectonics, subsidence and karstic phenomena in the area. These observations could prove useful for the tectonics, geodynamics and seismicity with respect to the broader Corinth Rift region, as well as for environmental management and technical interventions in and around the lake. This dictates the necessity for new, extensive bathymetric measurements in order to produce an updated DTM of Lake Trichonis, reflecting current conditions and tailored to contemporary accuracy standards and state-of-the-art research in various disciplines in and around the lake.

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