Вплив рийної функції Mammalia на активність аланінамінотрансферази в листках Glechoma hederacea в умовах кадмієвого забруднення

O. M. Vasilyuk; A. Y. Pahomov

doi:10.15421/2017_73

Вплив рийної функції Mammalia на активність аланінамінотрансферази в листках Glechoma hederacea в умовах кадмієвого забруднення

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2017_73 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 234-238

Author(s):

O. M. Vasilyuk ◽

A. Y. Pahomov

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Total Activity ◽

Research Area ◽

Control Area ◽

Protective Properties ◽

European Mole ◽

Nitrate Metabolism ◽

Complex Regulation ◽

Glechoma Hederacea

The paper reflects analyzes of Cd impact on the total activity (nM pyruvic acid/ml s) of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) nitrogen metabolism in Glechoma hederacea L. leaves subject (as model) which dominated in the research area (in natural floodplain oak with Stellaria holostea L.) in conditions of Cd pollution (as anthropogenic press) and digging activity by Mammalia (as biotic action, with Talpa europaea L., European mole, as model), and their combine action. The Cd was introduced in the form of salts Cd(NO3)2 in the concentrations: 0.25, 1.25, and 2,5 g/m2, equivalent to the inclusion of Cd in 1,5 and 10 doses of MAC. The content of doses of MAC of Cd (5 mg/kg soil) adding took into account.It was found the increasing of the ALT activity on 88% (with adding the Cd salts at a dose of 1 МAС) and digging activity by Talpa europaea L. which proved the non-specific reaction on stress. We observed the repression of the enzymes according to controls (5 and 10 MAC Cd) with Cd concentration 5 and 10 MAC. The protective properties by T. europaea L. hadn’t positive results. The transferase enzyme activity according to another control (area without pollution of Cd and digging activity by T. europaea L.) reflected the inhibition of ALT on 78% tо 53% (in presence Cd 1 and 5 MAC). The digging activity by T. europaea L. promoted the toxic metal level and the normalisation of the nitrate metabolism from 25% tо 47% (ALT, 1 MAC Cd). The digging activity by Mammalia did not contribute the metal toxic effect and restoration of the natural functions of the plant organism under the Cd 10 MAC. The advisability for using the representatives of zoocenosis for the complex regulation of environmental changes in the conditions of the Ukrainian Steppe, if the antropogenic factor does not exceeds the maximum permissible significance have been founded.

Індикаторна роль ферментів нітратного обміну в умовах екологічних змін стану навколишнього середовища

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_239 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 483-486

Author(s):

O.M. Vasilyuk ◽

A.Y. Pakhomov

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Nitrogen Metabolism ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Total Activity ◽

Research Area ◽

Protective Properties ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

European Mole ◽

Glechoma Hederacea ◽

Metal Effect

The paper reflects analyzes of Cd impact on the total activity (nM pyruvic acid/ml s) of aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) nitrogen metabolism in Glechoma hederacea L. leaves subject (as model) which dominated in the research area (in natural floodplain oak with Stellaria holostea L.) in conditions of Cd pollution (as anthropogenic press) and digging activity by Mammalia (as biotic action, with Talpa europaea L., European mole, as model),) and their combine action. The Cd was introduced in the form of salts Cd(NO3)2 in the concentrations: 0.25, 1.25 and 2,5 g/m2, equivalent to the inclusion of Cd in 1,5 and 10 doses of MAC on experimental sites. When adding Cd, the content of doses (5 mg/kg soil MAC of Cd) was taken into account. It was founded the increasing of the AST activity on 26% (with adding the Cd salts at a dose of 1 МAС and digging activity by Talpa europaea L) according to control (1 MAC Cd), witch it proved the non-specific reaction on stress. With Cd concentration 5 and 10 MAC we observed the repression of the enzymes activity according to controls (5 and 10 MAC Cd) on 10% and 50% in accordance. The protective properties by T. europaea L. hadn’t positive results. The transferase enzyme activity according to another control (the area, is without pollution of Cd and digging activity by T. europaea L.) reflected the increasing AST enzyme activity from 166% tо 218% (in presence 1 and 5 MAC Cd) and reduction around 46% (in presence 10 MAC Cd). The digging activity by T. europaea L. lowered the toxic metal effect and the normalisation of the nitrogen metabolism by increasing the activity of AST from 55% to 266%, from 318% to 291% (AST, 1 та 5 MAC Cd). The digging activity by Mammalia did not contribute the metal toxic effect under the Cd 10 MAC. Thus, using the different representatives of zoocoenosis promotes improvement in the Steppe Dnieper at low concentrations of the factor has been revealed.

Assessment of Pollution Sources and Contribution in Urban Dust Using Metal Concentrations and Multi-Isotope Ratios (13C, 207/206Pb) in a Complex Industrial Port Area, Korea

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12070840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 840

Author(s):

Min-Seob Kim ◽

Jee-Young Kim ◽

Jaeseon Park ◽

Suk-Hee Yeon ◽

Sunkyoung Shin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Residential Area ◽

Control Area ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Raw Material ◽

Urban Dust ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Mn Ore

The metal concentrations and isotopic compositions (13C, 207/206Pb) of urban dust, topsoil, and PM10 samples were analyzed in a residential area near Donghae port, Korea, which is surrounded by various types of industrial factories and raw material stockpiled on empty land, to determine the contributions of the main pollution sources (i.e., Mn ore, Zn ore, cement, coal, coke, and topsoil). The metal concentrations of urban dust in the port and residential area were approximately 85~112 times higher (EF > 100) in comparison with the control area (EF < 2), especially the Mn and Zn ions, indicating they were mainly derived from anthropogenic source. These ions have been accumulating in urban dust for decades; furthermore, the concentration of PM10 is seven times higher than that of the control area, which means that contamination is even present. The isotopic (13C, 207/206Pb) values of the pollution sources were highly different, depending on the characteristics of each source: cement (−19.6‰, 0.8594‰), Zn ore (−24.3‰, 0.9175‰), coal (−23.6‰, 0.8369‰), coke (−27.0‰, 0.8739‰), Mn ore (−24.9‰, 0.9117‰), soil (−25.2‰, 0.7743‰). As a result of the evaluated contributions of pollution source on urban dust through the Iso-source and SIAR models using stable isotope ratios (13C, 207/206Pb), we found that the largest contribution of Mn (20.4%) and Zn (20.3%) ions are derived from industrial factories and ore stockpiles on empty land (Mn and Zn). It is suggested that there is a significant influence of dust scattered by wind from raw material stockpiles, which are stacked near ports or factories. Therefore, there is evidence to support the idea that port activities affect the air quality of residence areas in a city. Our results may indicate that metal concentrations and their stable isotope compositions can predict environmental changes and act as a powerful tool to trace the past and present pollution history in complex contexts associated with peri-urban regions.

Group selection harvesting supports diversity of forest specialist carabids

ARPHA Conference Abstracts ◽

10.3897/aca.2.e38499 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Bela Tóthmérész ◽

Tibor Magura ◽

Szabolcs Mizser ◽

David D. Nagy

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Group Selection ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Control Area ◽

Oak Forests ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Specialist Species ◽

Selection Harvesting

Increased fragmentation and considerable environmental changes in native forests caused by the timber-oriented forest managements are threatening the biodiversity of forests. As a remediation, uneven-aged approach is recommended during forest management, because this is less intensive and could be less harmful than even-aged practices. We tested the effects of clear-cutting (as even-aged method) and group selection harvesting (as uneven-aged method) on carabids in lowland oak forests. Pitfall traps and litter sifting were used during the study. We found that the total number of species was significantly higher in the gaps harvested by group selection and in the clear-cut than in the mature forests (control area). The species richness of forest specialist species was significantly lower in the clear-cuts than in the other area. Our findings demonstrated that the conventional clear-cutting caused a decrease in the number of forest specialist species. Therefore, group selection method should be favoured during forest management to maintain diversity.

Gender in the Climate-Conflict Nexus: “Forgotten” Variables, Alternative Securities, and Hidden Power Dimensions

Politics and Governance ◽

10.17645/pag.v9i4.4275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tobias Ide ◽

Marisa O. Ensor ◽

Virginie Le Masson ◽

Susanne Kozak

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Research Area ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Future Research ◽

Power Dynamics ◽

Local Power ◽

Power Structures ◽

Gender Perspective ◽

Social Reproductive Labor

The literature on the security implications of climate change, and in particular on potential climate-conflict linkages, is burgeoning. Up until now, gender considerations have only played a marginal role in this research area. This is despite growing awareness of intersections between protecting women’s rights, building peace and security, and addressing environmental changes. This article advances the claim that adopting a gender perspective is integral for understanding the conflict implications of climate change. We substantiate this claim via three main points. First, gender is an essential, yet insufficiently considered intervening variable between climate change and conflict. Gender roles and identities as well as gendered power structures are important in facilitating or preventing climate-related conflicts. Second, climate change does affect armed conflicts and social unrest, but a gender perspective alters and expands the notion of what conflict can look like, and whose security is at stake. Such a perspective supports research inquiries that are grounded in everyday risks and that document alternative experiences of insecurity. Third, gender-differentiated vulnerabilities to both climate change and conflict stem from inequities within local power structures and socio-cultural norms and practices, including those related to social reproductive labor. Recognition of these power dynamics is key to understanding and promoting resilience to conflict and climate change. The overall lessons drawn for these three arguments is that gender concerns need to move center stage in future research and policy on climate change and conflicts.

A World for Reactive Phenotypes

Frontiers in Conservation Science ◽

10.3389/fcosc.2020.611919 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Geffroy ◽

Sébastien Alfonso ◽

Bastien Sadoul ◽

Daniel T. Blumstein

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽

Research Area ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Genetic Evolution ◽

Evolutionary Potential ◽

Original Habitat ◽

Evolutionary Consequences

Humans currently occupy all continents and by doing so, modify the environment and create novel threats to many species; a phenomenon known as human-induced rapid environmental changes (HIREC). These growing anthropogenic disturbances represent major and relatively new environmental challenges for many animals, and invariably alter selection on traits adapted to previous environments. Those species that survive often have moved from their original habitat or modified their phenotype through plasticity or genetic evolution. Based on the most recent advances in this research area, we predict that wild individuals with highly plastic capacities, relatively high basal stress level, and that are generally shy—in other words, individuals displaying a reactive phenotype—should better cope with sudden and widespread HIREC than their counterparts' proactive phenotypes. If true, this selective response would have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences and can therefore impact conservation strategies, specifically with respect to managing the distribution and abundance of individuals and maintaining evolutionary potential. These insights may help design adaptive management strategies to maintain genetic variation in the context of HIREC.

Grid Access Control Models and Architectures

Grid and Cloud Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0879-5.ch202 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 349-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonios Gouglidis ◽

Ioannis Mavridis

Keyword(s):

Access Control ◽

Grid Computing ◽

Focal Point ◽

Research Area ◽

Control Area ◽

Computing Systems ◽

Access Control Models ◽

Control Models ◽

Active Research ◽

Role Based

In recent years, grid computing has become the focal point of science and enterprise computer environments. Access control in grid computing systems is an active research area given the challenges and complex applications. First, a number of concepts and terminology related to the area of grid access control are provided. Next, an analysis of the Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and Usage Control ABC (UCONABC) models is given, due to their adaption from the grid computing systems. Additionally, a presentation of well known grid access control architectures illustrates how the theoretical access control models are implemented into mechanisms. In a comparative review of the examined access control models and mechanisms, their pros and cons are exposed. Apart from the mapping of the access control area in grid computer systems, the given comparison renders valuable information for further advancement of current approaches.

Susceptibility of small boreal lakes to environmental changes as inferred from organic sediments of Lake Talvilampi (Finland)

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/0959683619887432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 458-473

Author(s):

Krystyna Milecka ◽

Joanna Mirosław-Grabowska ◽

Edyta Zawisza ◽

Grzegorz Kowalewski

Keyword(s):

Human Activity ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Cold Water ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Research Area ◽

Boreal Lakes ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Circle ◽

The Holocene ◽

The Impact

During the Holocene, multiple thermal changes commonly occurred in the northern hemisphere. They are well-recorded in lakes with minimum human impact from the Arctic Circle area. The development of these lakes reflects ecological and climatic changes occurring from the formation of the lakes until present-day times. All environmental fluctuations affect biodiversity and are reflected in the number and composition of species. The goals of this study were to detect the ecological changes in a small Finnish lake using pollen, Cladocera and geochemical analyses. The research area is located within the northern zone of boreal coniferous forest and is the most sparsely populated region of Finland. The lake is located in Kuusamo uplands, E Finland, near the polar circle and over 20 km from the Russian border. Indicators of cold water were found only during the initial stage, after the 8.2 ka event and then the temperature was higher. Trophy was high at the beginning of the lake development and then a significant increase in trophy was found after 2600 BP. The impact of human activity is hardly traceable in Arctic Circle Finland throughout the Holocene Thermal Maximum. During the late-Holocene (after 4200 yr cal. BP), this impact is still weak and, even as late as the 20th century, only a few traces of human activity are recorded. General conclusion is that long-term climatic shift has been the most important factor driving changes in the limnology of Lake Talvilampi.

Non-Invasive Assessment of the Seasonal Stress Response to Veterinary Procedures and Transportation of Zoo-Housed Lesser Anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani12010075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Gabina V. Eguizábal ◽

Mariella Superina ◽

Rupert Palme ◽

Camila J. Asencio ◽

Daniel P. Villarreal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Activity Cycle ◽

Total Activity ◽

Wild Mammals ◽

Natural Activity ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites ◽

Management Procedures

Management procedures affect behavioural and physiological stress responses of wild mammals under human care. According to the Reactive Scope Model, normal values are presumed to exist within predictive and reactive ranges. First, stress parameters of zoo-housed adult Tamandua tetradactyla were evaluated in winter and summer (29 days each), determining the level of behaviour and/or physiological parameters needed to respond to predictable environmental changes. Secondly, the effects of veterinary procedures and transportation were studied in both seasons. Non-invasive methods were applied, assessing behaviour through videos and adrenocortical activity by faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs). Lesser anteaters exhibited seasonality (summer > winter) in some behavioural parameters, such as nocturnal activities, as well as in the activity cycle (e.g., acrophase) and FGMs. A veterinary check elicited an increase in total activity (TA), natural behaviours and repetitive locomotion and affected the activity cycle, particularly in summer. Transport produced changes in TA, nocturnal and natural activity and some variables of the activity cycle, mostly during summer. Although the effects of routine management procedures were different from each other and presumably stressful, they elicited changes only at the behavioural level, which was greater during summer. The differences observed according to non-invasive methodologies highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in this context and suggest that it is unlikely that individual welfare was affected.

Human-landscape Interactions along the Danube from the Neolithic to the Present in Budapest, Hungary

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1440 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

István Viczián ◽

Gábor Szilas ◽

Farkas Márton Tóth ◽

György Sípos ◽

Dávid Gergely Páll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Research Area ◽

River Channel ◽

Capital City ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Episodic Events ◽

Archival Documents ◽

Human Landscape

Geoarchaeological and geomorphological studies were carried out on the alluvial plain of the Danube in an urban environment in the Northwest part of Budapest. The human-landscape interactions were investigated from the Neolithic to the present times.The environmental reconstruction was produced through inter- and multidisciplinary geomorphological, archaeological, environmental historical researches, using OSL and radiocarbon dating, malacology, stratigraphy, and sedimentological analyses of samples from archaeological excavations, GIS data processing of contemporary and historical maps, archival documents and the spatial pattern of prehistoric archaeological sites.The Danube is Europe's second longest river with a large catchment area. Its drainage basins&#8217; climatic and environmental changes have significant effects on our case study area&#8217;s environment and its societies. The geomorphological and hydrographical evolutions&#8217; long-term and short-term processes as well as the landscape&#8217;s episodic events were studied by investigating the geomorphological responses to climatic, fluvial and human impacts on the environment.The landscape evolution from a nature-dominated fluvial environment to a densely built up anthropogenic landscape of a metropolis was revealed. An active river channel used to cross the research area in the Early Holocene. Today only some moderate-sized swampy, waterlogged areas refer to the existence of this former river channel and the subsequent lake and marshy environment. Through time this relict form of the Danube&#8217;s paleochannel was occupied by streams, draining surface water, ground water and abundant karstic springs. The location of the two prehistoric settlement concentrations along the Danube can be linked with the former existence of the significant tributary streams&#8217; confluence. Geomorphological-topographical investigations of the area&#8217;s archaeological sites revealed that one of the streams has reversed its flow direction through time. From the Roman Period onward, but especially during the Modern Times, the watercourses have been canalised and their channels have been relocated. Today hardly anything is reminiscent of the former alluvial environment in this part of the capital city.

MFA-OSELM Algorithm for WiFi-Based Indoor Positioning System

Information ◽

10.3390/info10040146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 146 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

AL-Khaleefa ◽

Ahmad ◽

Isa ◽

AL-Saffar ◽

Esa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extreme Learning Machine ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Indoor Localization ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Research Area ◽

Previous Knowledge ◽

Dynamic Factors ◽

Learning Machine ◽

Dynamic Quality ◽

Indoor Positioning System

Indoor localization is a dynamic and exciting research area. WiFi has exhibited a tremendous capability for internal localization since it is extensively used and easily accessible. Facilitating the use of WiFi for this purpose requires fingerprint formation and the implementation of a learning algorithm with the aim of using the fingerprint to determine locations. The most difficult aspect of techniques based on fingerprints is the effect of dynamic environmental changes on fingerprint authentication. With the aim of dealing with this problem, many experts have adopted transfer-learning methods, even though in WiFi indoor localization the dynamic quality of the change in the fingerprint has some cyclic factors that necessitate the use of previous knowledge in various situations. Thus, this paper presents the maximum feature adaptive online sequential extreme learning machine (MFA-OSELM) technique, which uses previous knowledge to handle the cyclic dynamic factors that are brought about by the issue of mobility, which is present in internal environments. This research extends the earlier study of the feature adaptive online sequential extreme learning machine (FA-OSELM). The results of this research demonstrate that MFA-OSELM is superior to FA-OSELM given its capacity to preserve previous data when a person goes back to locations that he/she had visited earlier. Also, there is always a positive accuracy change when using MFA-OSELM, with the best change achieved being 27% (ranging from eight to 27% and six to 18% for the TampereU and UJIIndoorLoc datasets, respectively), which proves the efficiency of MFA-OSELM in restoring previous knowledge.