scholarly journals Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Gorash ◽  
R. Klymyshena ◽  
V. Khomina ◽  
L. Vilchynska
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Vegetative Period

The correspondence of agro-ecological and climatic factors of the external environment of the industrial zone of brewing barley to the biological requirements of barley culture has been analyzed. The peculiarity of brewing barley in the formation of the crop and its quality is characterized by the necessity of directing, in the process of photosynthesis, the accumulation of the carbohydrate component of the grain more than in the protein content. The important role of ensuring these requirements depends mainly on the PAR of the long-wavelength range, especially during the second half of the growing season, during the growth and development of the grain. At this time, an important factor in ensuring the brewing quality of barley is the moisture supply of soil moisture, as it depends on the growth process of the grain. The barley culture belongs to the early spring cereals. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, which is directly related to the zone of industrial brewing of barley by analysis of ten-year temperature data, the favorable conditions for the growth and development of barley, the conditions of sowing in early spring have been found. In particular, sowing time is actually possible 20-25 days earlier than traditional, this is the first and second ten days of March. Conducted trial reconnaissance crops in the first decade of March ensured the effective development of plants and the formation of crops favorable to meet the quality requirements for the cultivation of products for the production of malt. The vegetative period of development before the onset of the generative has increased in plants up to 45 days, which by itself is a rather positive component of the efficiency of cultivation technology according to the results of the analysis of climatic factors of the zone of industrial production of brewing barley. As a result of analytical studies the improvement of ecological and biological compliance of spring barley development for the period 2010-2019 has been revealed. Due to the early onset of heat in March, there was a need to make adjustments to certain elements of technology based on appropriate research to ensure effective implementation of the agro-ecological resource of the area. The urgent tasks, with the aim of balanced processes of spring barley development to energy conditions of the environment, are research with seeding rate, row spacing, depth of seeds wrapping, application of mineral fertilizers.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON NEW SPRING BARLEY BREWING VARIETIES YIELDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Artyukhova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
V. A. Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The effect of applying various norms of mineral fertilizers on the biological indicators of crop plants during their growth and development in the Central non-black earth region in 2017-2019 was studied on the varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir.such indicators as plant height, photosynthetic apparatus area, green mass growth, and elements of the yield structure were Studied. It was revealed that on average during the growing season, when the norms of mineral fertilizers were increased, the area of leaf plates increased and, as a result, the increase in green mass growth relative to the control variants increased by 56.3 % at (NРК)30, 82.3 % at (NРК)60, and 126.7 % at (NРК)90. The introduction of mineral fertilizers also influenced the formation of the crop structure. There was an increase in the tillering coefficient of varieties by 15.7%, 5.7 % and 21.3 % (Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir, respectively) relative to the control, an increase in the number of grains in the ear from 15.1 to 22.4 PCs., the weight of 1000 grains from 48.0 to 55.7 g. and the weight of grain per ear from 0.7 to 1.2 g. There was a strong correlation between the doses of mineral fertilizers and the grain yield from + 0.80 to +1.0, and the variability was calculated.      

scholarly journals Evaluation of adaptive capacity of genotypes of spring cereals in arid conditions of the Astrakhan region

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova ◽  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova ◽  
Ekaterina Vasylyevna Yachmeneva ◽  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Biological Plasticity

Objects of research were: spring wheat Saratovskaya 70-st, Cardinal, 3 Curenta, Madam, Nil avocet yr7's, Angarida; spring barley Ratnik-st, Medium 135, grace, Vakula, Brassa; spring oats Showjumping-st, Leo, Bulan, Kuranin. As a result of the study of these varieties of spring crops, the most adapted to local soil and climatic conditions samples were identified. The selected samples were distinguished by high biological plasticity, growth and development rates, maximum use of moisture, as well as the ability to form high grain yields.

scholarly journals Agroecological optimization of the technology for growing spring barley in the Penza region using the DSS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Program Modules

Abstract The article presents the results of modeling the cultivation of barley on leached chernozems of the Penza region. In order to conduct modeling, the Decision Support System (DSS) for agroecological optimization of adaptive farming systems was modernized. The adaptation of the program modules to the climatic and soil conditions of a particular research area allowed us to reach 7% of the error when modeling the cultivation of agricultural crops in the presence of a complete set of indicators necessary for building the model. Technological calculations of the model made it possible to reduce the number of minimum necessary technological operations, as well as rationally distribute the application of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield. The economic calculations of the model allowed us to achieve a high profitability of production of 66±7%. The constructed model was tested at the experimental field in 2020. Practical verification showed the possibility of using the model in agricultural production under normal climatic conditions and its high correlation with the actual results obtained. Statistical analysis of the calculated data of the model and the actual yield with the achieved economic indicators in the conditions of the model field showed the level of reliability of calculations of 95%. Keywords: AGROECOLOGICAL OPTIMIZATION, AGROECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, AGROECOLOGICAL MODELING

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF SOME GRAPEVINE CULTIVARS FROM MURFATLAR VINEYARD IN THE SPECIAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE WINE YEAR 2019-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Ionica Dina ◽  
Aurora Ranca ◽  
Anamaria Tănase ◽  
Sergiu-Ayar Ene
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
White Wines ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Weak Growth

The climate changes in Murfatlar vineyard in recent years consist inthe increase ofmonthly average temperatures, recorded in both cold and warm seasons, accompanied by an irregular distribution of rainfall during the year, which significantly influences the growth of grapevine, the quality and production of grapes.Six representative cultivars were studied, three for white wines: Chardonnay, Columna and Muscat Ottonel and three for red wines: Fetească Neagră, Mamaia and Cabernet Sauvignon. In the last two years (2019-2020) warm winters and very dry summers have led to the onset of budburst, almost simultaneously for all the studied cultivars, followed by a very weak growth and development of shoots (2020) and an acceleration development of phenophases, mainly berween veraison and ripening. Water stress during the vegetative period, a hygroscopicity below 60% between July and August and low vegetative apparatus influenced the growth ofthe berries, resulting small grapes, and a very low must yield in 2020.Concerning the quality of grape production, the studied cultivars achieved more sugar concentrations in berries up to 35.8 g/L (in 2019) and 36.0 g/L (in 2020), higher than the values obtained in normal years. In the conditions of a pronounced dry climate manifested in the two years of study, the productions were below the normal level, especialy in 2020, achieving much diminished productions for all cultivars, except the Mamaia cultivar. The Mamaia cultivar had a positive reaction, registering an increase of production, that exceeded the multiannual value by 20% in 2020 andby 10% in 2019, the concentration of sugars in the must being above the average value obtained in normal years, exceeding by 3% and 9%, respectively, the multiannual average. Statistical calculations were done using SPSS Statistics 17.0, using mainly the Duncan test for a degree of significance of 5%.

The level of manifestation and variation of biometric indicators of spring barley samples of collection of Uman national university of horticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
National University ◽  
Average Plant

Different weather conditions provide unequal growth and development of plants, in addition, biotypes react differently to changes in external environmental factors. Scientists from Ukraine and other countries analyze varieties and samples of spring barley for the purpose of determine donors of useful traits in different soil and climatic conditions. For the purpose of combine a number of useful traits in one genotype, hybridization between geographically distant biotypes is used. Uman National University of Horticulture has a collection of spring barley samples by different geographic origin. The analyze of breeding material by biometric traits, which will allow us to determine the level of manifestation of each of them in different conditions of 2018–2020 and to determine the donors of useful traits for the further breeding process, was carried out. The weather conditions of the years of research were very different. 2018 was the most unfavorable year for early spring crops. The reason for this was the presence of snow cover until the end of March. After that were strong heat and lack of precipitation. 2019 and 2020 were more favorable for spring barley due to the long cool spring. In addition, in 2020, May and June characterized by increased rainfall. The average plant height of the studied biotypes ranged from 50 to 64 cm. Most samples had the lowest plant height 40–57 cm in 2018, and the highest – in 2020 – from 54 to 88 cm. The average spike length of the analyzed samples was 5.9–8.1 cm. There was not dependence between conditions of the research year and spike length. The number of spikelets per spike was naturally determined by the research conditions. The lowest indicators were observed in 2018 — from 7.0 to 12.0 units, while in 2019 — 16.6–23.9 units, and in 2020 — 20.2–27.7 units. The variation of plant height of the analyzed samples was medium and significant with coefficients from 13.7 to 32.6 %. There was a slight, medium and significant variation of the length of the ear (V = 2.9–23.6 %). The index of number of spikelets per spike most varied — the coefficients of variation were 32.6–55.5 %.

scholarly journals Mineral and organic fertilization efficiency in long-term stationary experiments

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Černý ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
K. Čásová K ◽  
V. Nedvěd
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilization

In long-term stationary experiments under different soil-climatic conditions, an influence of mineral and organic fertilization on yield of winter wheat, spring barley and potato tubers was evaluated. Statistically significantly lowest grain yields of winter wheat (4.00 t/ha) and spring barley (2.81 t/ha) were obtained in non-fertilized plots at all experimental sites. In the case of potatoes, the lowest yield of dry matter (5.71 t/ha) was recorded in the control plot, but the result was not statistically significant. The manure-fertilized plot gave the average yield of wheat higher by 30%, of barley by 22%. Application of sewage sludge resulted in wheat yield higher by 41% and barley yield higher by 26% over control. On average, application of sewage sludge and manure increased the yield of potatoes by 30% over control. The highest yield was obtained after application of mineral fertilizers; average yield increased by 59, 50 and 36% in winter wheat, spring barley and potatoes, respectively. No statistically significant differences among the plots with mineral fertilizers were observed. At different sites, the yield of studied crops varied; however, the effect of fertilization on yield increments was similar at all experimental sites except for Lukavec. It is the site with the lowest natural soil fertility, and it showed the highest effect of the applied fertilizers.

SPRING BARLEY - MAIN FEED CROP OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Золоторева ◽  
Rimma Zolotoreva ◽  
Виноградов ◽  
Georgiy Vinogradov ◽  
Максимов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Feed Crop

The article discusses the influence of mineral fertilizers on formation of productivity and grain quality of different spring barley types in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Mari El. Research has established, that the application of mineral fertilizers for spring barley in doses of N60P60K60 and N90P60K60 increases the crude protein content in the grain and increase harvesting of feed units per unit of cultivated area.

Influence of genotype, sowing date, and seeding rate on wheat development and yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Coventry ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke ◽  
DK Cann
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
North Eastern

A 3-year study was conducted to measure the effect of sowing time and seeding rate on the development and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under high-yielding conditions in north-eastern Victoria. A range of wheat cultivars with different development responses, including 'winter' types, was used in 2 experiments in each season. High grain yields for dryland wheat were measured in the first 2 seasons (1985-86), and in 1985, near-optimal water use efficiencies (>18 kg/ha. mm effective rainfall) were obtained. In the third season (1987) grain yield was limited by adverse climatic conditions-in the me- and post-anthesis period. In each season, grain yield declined with delay in sowing time. In 1985 there was a loss of 200-250 kg grain/ha for each week's delay in sowing time. In 1987, yield loss with delayed sowing was 50-110 kg grain/ha. In each season, cultivars with late or midseason maturity development gave the highest mean yields, and the use of these maturity types allowed earlier sowing, in mid April. However, with late sowing of wheat there was a trend for early maturity types to give higher yields, and so the use of 2 wheat cultivars with distinct maturity development responses to climate is recommended. If only 1 wheat cultivar is to be used, then a late maturity type is recommended. Higher wheat yields were also obtained as spike density increased, as a result of higher seeding rates. Our data suggest that in the higher rainfall region of north-eastern Victoria, a spike density of about 500 spikes/m2 is required to optimise wheat yields.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity of the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ in the non-blackearth part of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Lodging Resistance

An increase in spring barley acreage requires a detailed study of the interaction of agronomic and climatic factors, as well as the selection of a modern set of new varieties. The use of mineral fertilizers is one of the most important methods to improve the productivity of grain crops and maintain a deficit-free balance of mineral nutrients in arable soils. The current study of the effective use of various doses of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ was carried out on dark-gray forest heavy loamy soil in 2018–2020 by the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM”. There has been established that the date of the phenological phases and the length of interphase periods did not depend on fertilizer rates, but had a close correlation with weather conditions (r = +0.68). The analysis of the obtained data has shown that an increase in the rates of applied fertilizers increases the aboveground biomass, which, in turn, negatively affects productivity of the barley variety ‘Znatny’ (r = -0.77). The analysis of the yield structure and rates of fertilizers NPK has shown that in the trial, the spring barley productivity was influenced by 1000-grain weight (r = +0.60). There was found a high inverse correlation between productivity and length of head (r = -0.85). When length of head ranged from 7.5 to 8.4 cm, grain weight per head remained practically at the same level in all variants (1.1–1.2). This indicated that at a rate of N90P90K90 and N120P120K120, the variety ‘Znatny’ formed a not very dense head. Protein percentage at these rates also greatly reduced. According to the obtained data, an increase in the doses of applied fertilizers (N90Р90К90–N120Р120К120) resulted in the intensified development of most leaf diseases and a decrease in lodging resistance. Thus, the optimal dose of application of azophoska fertilizer on dark-gray forest soil is the norm N45P45K45, since on this option there was obtained maximum productivity and net income. the increase in the recom[1]mended norms of mineral fertilizers, sharply reduces profitability of crop cultivation.

scholarly journals DENITRIFICATION PECULIARITIES IN AGROCOENOSIS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
V.V. Volkogon ◽  
S.B. Dimova ◽  
K.I. Volkogon ◽  
M.S. Komok ◽  
N.P. Shtan’ko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Biological Denitrification ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Nitrite Respiration

The paper shows the results of studies of denitrification activityin root zone of spring barley, maize and potato under the use of mineralfertilizers and microbial preparations. It was established that applicationof optimal for the plants growth and development doses of fertilizershad restrained the biological denitrification activity due to the bothplants assimilation of mineral nitrogen and deprivation of rhizosphericmicroorganisms with nitrite respiration substrate. Use of physiologicallyungrounded doses of fertilizers especially when combining withmicrobial preparations had led to the significant loses of nitrogen dueto the denitrification. Thereby the application of microbial preparationsin agricultural crops growing technologies should be performed onoptimal agricultural backgrounds keeping biological denitrification atits lowest levels.

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