The level of manifestation and variation of biometric indicators of spring barley samples of collection of Uman national university of horticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
National University ◽  
Average Plant

Different weather conditions provide unequal growth and development of plants, in addition, biotypes react differently to changes in external environmental factors. Scientists from Ukraine and other countries analyze varieties and samples of spring barley for the purpose of determine donors of useful traits in different soil and climatic conditions. For the purpose of combine a number of useful traits in one genotype, hybridization between geographically distant biotypes is used. Uman National University of Horticulture has a collection of spring barley samples by different geographic origin. The analyze of breeding material by biometric traits, which will allow us to determine the level of manifestation of each of them in different conditions of 2018–2020 and to determine the donors of useful traits for the further breeding process, was carried out. The weather conditions of the years of research were very different. 2018 was the most unfavorable year for early spring crops. The reason for this was the presence of snow cover until the end of March. After that were strong heat and lack of precipitation. 2019 and 2020 were more favorable for spring barley due to the long cool spring. In addition, in 2020, May and June characterized by increased rainfall. The average plant height of the studied biotypes ranged from 50 to 64 cm. Most samples had the lowest plant height 40–57 cm in 2018, and the highest – in 2020 – from 54 to 88 cm. The average spike length of the analyzed samples was 5.9–8.1 cm. There was not dependence between conditions of the research year and spike length. The number of spikelets per spike was naturally determined by the research conditions. The lowest indicators were observed in 2018 — from 7.0 to 12.0 units, while in 2019 — 16.6–23.9 units, and in 2020 — 20.2–27.7 units. The variation of plant height of the analyzed samples was medium and significant with coefficients from 13.7 to 32.6 %. There was a slight, medium and significant variation of the length of the ear (V = 2.9–23.6 %). The index of number of spikelets per spike most varied — the coefficients of variation were 32.6–55.5 %.

Referencing laser and ultrasonic height measurements of barleycultivars by using a herbometre as standard

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gero Barmeier ◽  
Bodo Mistele ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Distance Sensor

Assessment of plant height is an important factor for agronomic and breeder decisions; however, current field phenotyping, such as visual scoring or using a ruler, is time consuming, labour intensive, costly and subjective. For agronomists and plant breeders, the most common method used to measure plant height is still a meter stick. In a 3-year study, we have adopted a herbometre similar to a rising plate meter as a reference method to obtain the weighted plant height of barley cultivars and to evaluate vehicle-based ultrasonic and laser distance sensors. Sets of 30 spring barley cultivars and 14 and 60 winter barley cultivars were tested in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The herbometre was well suited as a reference method allowing for an increased area and was easy to handle. The herbometre measurements within a plot showed very low coefficients of variation. Good and close relationships (R2 = 0.59, 0.76, 0.80) between the herbometre and the ultrasonic distance sensor measurements were observed in the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, demonstrating also increased values of heritability. Hence, both sensors were able to differentiate among barley cultivars in standard breeding trials. For the sensors, we observed a 4-fold faster operating time and 6-fold increase of measurement points compared with the herbometre measurement. Based on these results, we conclude that distance sensors represent a powerful and economical high-throughput phenotyping tool for breeders and plant scientists to estimate plant height and to differentiate cultivars for agronomic decisions and breeding activities potentially being also applicable in other small grain cereals with dense crop stands. Particularly, ultrasonic distance sensors may reflect an agronomically and physiologically relevant plant height information.

AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A NEW VARIETY OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
O. B. Batakova ◽  
V. А. Korelina ◽  
I. V. Zobnina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Stability

The selection work has been carried out on the base of the Primorskiy branch of the Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIARctic) in 2005-2016, in a selection seven-field crop rotation. Various weather conditions contributed to a complete and comprehensive assessment of the selected sample. Data on agrometeorological research were provided by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Northern UGMS” of the Hydrometсenter at the post of Kurtsevo. Assessment of breeding material was carried out by the main breeding valuable traits, taking into account the length of the growing season, resistance to lodging and grain yield according to the methodology of the State Commission for the Testing of Crops (1985).  Statistical processing of the experiment results were carried out using the genetic and selection software package AGROS version 2.07. A new variety of spring fodder barley “Kotlas” with increased adaptability for variable growing conditions was developed, it intended for cultivation in extreme climatic conditions of the Far North as an early ripening, productive, adaptive to unfavorable environmental factors to obtain concentrated feed for livestock and poultry. The variety is immune to net blotch of the Arkhangelsk population. The stability index (L) of the variety is 53. The new variety usage will increase the yield of spring barley, increase the economic efficiency of using the variety to 15%, the economic effect of introducing the variety per unit volume of production is 7.85 thousand rubles.

Variation of morphological indicators of three-line hybrids sunflower and their parental forms

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Fertility Restorers

The article presents the results of three-year (2016–2018) studies of five three-line hybrids of the IMC selection - Agent, Agronomichny, Marshal, Kamenyar, Zaporozhskij 28 and their parent components - simple unreduced hybrids - ZL22A/102B, ZL42A/46B, ZL42A/58B and pollen fertility restorers – ZL512V, ZL678V and ZL7034V. It was found that individual indicators do not change synchronously. The Agent, Marshal and Kamenyar hybrids had the highest plant height in 2016, one each in 2017 – Agronomichny and in 2018 – Zaporozhskij 28. At the same time, three hybrids (Agent, Agronomical, Marshal) had the largest basket diameter in 2018 and two (Zaporozhskij 28, Kamenyar) in 2017. The shortest growing season hybrids Marshal, Zaporozhskij 28 and Kamenyar had in 2016 (90, 105 and 105 days), and two – Agent and Agronomichny in 2018 – 100 and 103 days, respectively. Among the simple unrecovered hybrids, two – ZL42A/46B and ZL42A/58B had high indicators of plant height, basket diameter and duration of the growing season in 2016. In the ZL22A/102B hybrid, the diameter of the basket was also the largest in 2016 (18.5 cm), the average plant height in 2016 – 124.5 cm was slightly lower than in 2018 (125.4 cm), also in these years in it almost coincided with the duration of the growing season – 97 days in 2016 and 96 in 2018 Fertility restorers had the highest indicators of plant height and basket diameter in 2017, also this year they had the shortest growing season, in 2016, on the contrary, they had the lowest height and the diameter of the basket, and the long growing season. The size of the baskets in the Marshal and Kamenyar hybrids correlates with the moisture supply of plants and the hydrothermal coefficient – the correlation coefficients are 0.997, 0.902 and 0.990, 0.973, respectively. The phases of organogenesis of plants of hybrids Kamenyar and Zaporozhskij 28 are greatly influenced by temperature, the correlation coefficient of this indicator with plant height and with the duration of the growing season is 0.996 for Kamenyar and 0.946 for Zaporozhskij 28, and with a hydrothermal coefficient – 0.939 and 0.753. In the Agent hybrid, the temperatures in June have the greatest influence on plant growth - the correlation coefficient is 0.997 and precipitation in May is 0.968, and the temperatures in May - 0.999 and June - 0.998 on the size of the basket. For the height of plants and the duration of the growing season at Agronomichny, moisture availability at the beginning of the growing season is very important, the correlation coefficients are 0.918 and 0.994, and in August during the filling of seeds 0.996 and 0.927, as well as July precipitation is 0.995. Of the simple unrecovered hybrids, the most demanding for heat is ZL22A/102B - the correlation coefficients are 0.941 with plant height and vegetation duration, 0.843 with the basket size. For ZL42A/58B, the most important are the May precipitation, their correlation with the vegetation duration of 1,000 and the basket diameter of 0.987, and the July temperatures - 0.999 and 0.993, respectively. Among the pollen fertility restorers, the line ZL512V turned out to be the most demanding to weather conditions. For plant growth, the temperatures of April (0.906), May (0.995) and June (1.000) are very important, for the duration of the growing season respectively – 0.958, 0.971 and 0.991, and for the size of the basket, precipitation in May (0.956) and July temperatures (0.943). The correlation coefficient with the sum of active temperatures is – 0.829 for plant height – 0.851 for basket diameter – 0.902 for the growing season.

scholarly journals Rhythm of Seasonal Development and Minor Life Cycle of Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) in Khakasia

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Vera A. Cheryomushkina ◽  
Irina N. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Seasonal rhythms of plant development are related to plant adaptation to surrounding ecological coenotic and climatic conditions. To discover the patterns of seasonal development of plants in different phytocoenoses, it is essential to observe individual shoots and the entire course of shoot formation. So far the data on the rhythm of seasonal development of Prunella vulgaris L., a plant of the circumboreal region, have been available for the European part of Russia only. We examined the rhythm of seasonal development and minor life cycle of Prunella vulgaris L., the long-rhizome life form, in Siberia (Khakasia) in 2012-2013. Observations were carried out in a forest meadow every 5-7 days in the spring-summer-autumn period and 1-2 times a month in the winter. The development of dicyclic meso-rosetted and winter monocyclic semi-rosetted generative monocarpic shoots was observed using the method by I.G. Serebryakov. It was determined that the differentiation of vegetative and generative spheres in Prunella vulgaris L. shoots in Siberia occurs in early spring within the year of flowering. The species forms spring and autumn leaf generations and phenologically can be described as a summer-winter green plant with a long growing season. The period of shoot development from its initiation to dying the above-ground parts lasts 26 and 14 months in dicyclic meso-rosetted shoots and winter monocyclic semi-rosetted shoots, respectively. In both cases the development of the primordial shoot inside the bud lasts 8 months while the duration of shoot development after emerging from the bud varies. The latter phase lasts 18 months in dicyclic meso-rosetted shoots and only 6 months in winter monocyclic semi-rosetted shoots. Start times and duration of phenological phases (budding, flowering, fruiting and dissemination) are related to the weather conditions in the habitats including fluctuations in air temperature, precipitation patterns and types

scholarly journals Study of seeded pea lines in a nursery of competitive varietal trials under drought conditions in 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
E. A. Ten ◽  
I. P. Oshergina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Morphobiological Characteristics ◽  
Average Plant ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
The Relationship

Peas are affected by weather conditions. The effects of adverse factors do not affect the formation of the crop for the better. Under the influence of drought and high temperatures, there was an inhibition of growth processes, namely, the construction of the leaf apparatus, which, in turn, led to a sharp decline in seed productivity. It is crucial to have varieties (lines) with a more stable and shorter period from sprouting to maturity, taking into account the sharply changing heat and moisture supply in the Akmola region, making it possible to harvest the crop earlier. The authors obtained the relationship between yield and abiotic factors and morphobiological characteristics of peas in the conditions of the Akmola region for 2020. In their research, the authors found that weather conditions influenced the duration of the growing season 2020 and the grain yield of field peas. The ever-increasing season for pea lines was within 83-91 days. The peculiarities of the lines used, temperature regime and precipitation of the third decade of June influenced the duration of two periods (sprouting-flowering and flowering-ripening). Yields of pea lines in the nursery of competitive variety trials ranged from 2.80 (line 93-04-2) to 18.53 c/ha (line 6-08-7). As a result of their research, the authors found a positive average correlation between plant height and the number of beans (r = 0.33). The average plant height per sample was 62 cm. The average number of beans per plant in the nursery was 5.9, and the average number of seeds was 20.0. The research results can be successfully used in the cultivation of domestic and foreign varieties of field peas. In international practice, the results of this experiment can be applied in the selective improvement of field peas and the creation of new high-tech varieties.

Observations on the development and survival of the free-living stages of Oesophagostomum dentatum both in their natural environments out-of-doors and under controlled conditions in the laboratory

Parasitology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rose ◽  
A. J. Small
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYEggs of Oesophagostomum dentatum in faeces deposited on grass plots from May to October developed into infective larvae. Warm wet weather facilitated development but weather conditions which caused the faeces to dry out rapidly resulted in a heavy mortality of eggs and pre-infective larvae. During the winter no development took place and the eggs died. In the early spring and late autumn a few eggs survived and developed into 1st-stage larvae but they died without developing further. In the laboratory no development took place at 4 °C but at temperatures ranging from 10 to 25 °C development into infective larvae was completed, the rate increasing as the temperature rose. Out-of-doors infective larvae survived in faeces and on herbage for 1 year under a wide range of climatic conditions including the exceptionally cold winter of 1978–79. In the laboratory, infective larvae suspended in water survived even longer at temperatures ranging from 4 to 27 °C. They were rapidly killed by continuous freezing and by desiccation when the relative humidity was less than 90%. The relationship between climatic conditions and the development and survival of the free-living stages is discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of inorganic nutrients on growth, flowering and quality of Dendrobium cv. Singapore white

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Sujatha A Nair ◽  
V Sankar ◽  
B M Muralidhara ◽  
C M Awcharae ◽  
D R Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Dendrobium orchid cv. Singapore White is cultivated commercially for cut flower purpose. The performance of this orchid in response to the different nutrient concentrations was evaluated under the agro-climatic conditions of Kodagu during 2017-2020. Twelve nutrient doses were applied as foliar sprays at weekly intervals to study their effect on vegetative growth, flower production and quality parameters of the cut flowers. Plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, number of pseudobulbs plant-1, number of spikes plant-1 year-1, number of flowers spike-1 and spike length varied significantly with the nutrient doses. Foliar spray of 30:20:20 NPK 0.1% at weekly intervals recorded the maximum plant height of 53.21cm, number of spikes plant-1year-1 (10.01) with spike length of 44.43 cm and 16.20 flower spike-1.

scholarly journals Ecological and biological conformity of conditions of the brewing barley cultivation zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Gorash ◽  
R. Klymyshena ◽  
V. Khomina ◽  
L. Vilchynska
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Vegetative Period

The correspondence of agro-ecological and climatic factors of the external environment of the industrial zone of brewing barley to the biological requirements of barley culture has been analyzed. The peculiarity of brewing barley in the formation of the crop and its quality is characterized by the necessity of directing, in the process of photosynthesis, the accumulation of the carbohydrate component of the grain more than in the protein content. The important role of ensuring these requirements depends mainly on the PAR of the long-wavelength range, especially during the second half of the growing season, during the growth and development of the grain. At this time, an important factor in ensuring the brewing quality of barley is the moisture supply of soil moisture, as it depends on the growth process of the grain. The barley culture belongs to the early spring cereals. Due to the changes in climatic conditions, which is directly related to the zone of industrial brewing of barley by analysis of ten-year temperature data, the favorable conditions for the growth and development of barley, the conditions of sowing in early spring have been found. In particular, sowing time is actually possible 20-25 days earlier than traditional, this is the first and second ten days of March. Conducted trial reconnaissance crops in the first decade of March ensured the effective development of plants and the formation of crops favorable to meet the quality requirements for the cultivation of products for the production of malt. The vegetative period of development before the onset of the generative has increased in plants up to 45 days, which by itself is a rather positive component of the efficiency of cultivation technology according to the results of the analysis of climatic factors of the zone of industrial production of brewing barley. As a result of analytical studies the improvement of ecological and biological compliance of spring barley development for the period 2010-2019 has been revealed. Due to the early onset of heat in March, there was a need to make adjustments to certain elements of technology based on appropriate research to ensure effective implementation of the agro-ecological resource of the area. The urgent tasks, with the aim of balanced processes of spring barley development to energy conditions of the environment, are research with seeding rate, row spacing, depth of seeds wrapping, application of mineral fertilizers.

EFFECT OF HETEROZYGOSITY ON PHENOTYPIC STABILITY IN SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARRY A. SMITH ◽  
WILSON H. FOOTE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Common Control ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Hordeum Distichum ◽  
Per Se

The effect of heterozygosity on the phenotypic stabilities of tiller number, plant height, kernels per spike, kernel weight, grain yield, and awn length was studied in hybrid crosses of six-row barley Hordeurn vulgare L. emend Lam., and two-row barley Hordeum distichum L. emend Lam. Experimental material consisting of parents and their F1 diallel progeny were grown at two field locations and one greenhouse location in Oregon. Coefficients of variation were used to measure phenotypic stability within and across the three locations.Some evidence was obtained which indicated that heterozygosity reduced phenotypic stability of particular characters at some locations. Although individual characters were affected within particular locations, heterozygosity per se did not influence average phenotypic stability when the results from three diverse environments were combined.Association studies indicated that the phenotypic stability of kernel weight, plant height, kernels per spike and awn length were associated, which may suggest a common control mechanism in the phenotypic stability of these characters.

scholarly journals Productivity indicators and correlations between them in spring barley cultivars of Uman National University of Horticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Zh. M. Novak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
National University ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Productivity Potential

The study of crop formation processes by constituent elements revealed the dependence of the parameters of the number of grains in the ear and the weight of barley grain at the same level of grain yield on the number of productive stems per unit area. It is established that the increase in the number of productive shoots per 1 m2 is accompanied by a significant decrease in the productivity potential of the ear in terms of the number of grains and the parameters of the mass of one grain. The correlation dependence of these yield elements on the stem density of barley is strong. In the studies of 2018–2021, the number of productive stems, plant height, productivity of one ear and weight of 1000 grains of spring barley varieties Daniele, Gezine, Beatrix, Soldo, 5/18, Fabiola, Sangria, Utah, 9/19, Mompi 19, Lyuba and Champush. Correlation holidays between these indicators were also established. The number of productive stems of spring barley varieties on average for 2018–2021 amounted to 0.87–1.39 pieces/1 plant. The average biotype ranged from 0.89 in 2018 to 1.47 in 2021. There was a medium and strong variation in the number of productive stems depending on genotypes. In most collection specimens, the rate varied greatly depending on growing conditions. Collectible samples 5/18 is a semi-dwarf, other biotypes are dwarfs. The highest plants were in 2020. The plant height of most cultivars varied slightly over the years of research. The average productivity of one ear of the analyzed collection samples was 0.63–1.17 g. The lowest indicators were noted in 2018, the highest – in 2020. The average weight of 1000 grains was 45.2–53.5 g with the highest indicator in 2021 g. The correlation between plant height and ear weight per ear was positive medium and close; between the number of productive stems and plant height – positive average, weak and negative average; between the number of productive stems and the mass of grain from the ear – a weak positive and negative correlation; between the number of productive stems and the mass of 1000 grains – the average positive and weak negative; between the height of the plants and the mass of 1000 grains and between the mass of grains from the ear and the mass of 1000 grains – from the average positive to the average negative.

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