Phenomenon of reading: temporal and praxeological asects

Author(s):  
S. V. Shevtsov

The creative character of reading is revealed through the elucidation of its temporal constitutions and consideration of some practical aspects of this phenomenon. Reading isn’t intellectual, aesthetical procedure, but co-being between a text and a reader. Reading is one of the ways of becoming and forming in human being specific metaphysical organs. Thanks to them there are some actual conditions of freedom, love, faith, virtue, responsibility etc. Impression as point-wise part of time, orienting on presence and changing with every new phase of reading text is shown. Impression isn’t feeling, but invasion, that includes intensity, completeness of action. That’s why reading text should impress and invade in limits of being of a reader, catch them, hold them by its energy his attention. Retention as primary memory of read text and holding some information during its distancing from the point of impression is researched. Possibilities of using of some technics of reading – reading out loud of dialogues of Plato, reflexive reading, close reading etc.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ni Komang Arie Suwastini ◽  
Ni Wayan Desy Prema Asri ◽  
Luh Gede Eka Wahyuni ◽  
Kadek Ayu Dewi Prastika

Literature like novels can contain many moral teachings, including how a human being develops into a better person because of certain events experienced during the plot development. The present study focuses on the character development of Piscine Molitor Patel in Yan Martell's The Life of Pi as he had to survive the Pacific Ocean for 227 days on a lifeboat with a hungry tiger. By employing close reading, it is revealed that Piscine Molitor Patel was revealed as a curious, smart, competitive, empathetic, obedient, loving, and humble character. These characterizations were revealed directly through the author's description and indirectly through thought, speech, and action. From these character revelations, it can be concluded that the development of Pi’s curious, smart, competitive, empathetic, obedient, loving, and humble character had help Pi survive the Pacific Ocean and continued living as a better person. By employing Freud’s psychoanalysis, Pi’s characterizations were then classified as reflections of his id, ego, and superego. The present study concludes that Pi’s characterizations reflect the development of the balance between his id, ego, and superego, which allowed him to survive the shipwreck and grow into a better person.


Author(s):  
Lejla Demiri

SummaryThis paper offers a close reading of the Muslim theologian Najm al-Dīn al-Ṭūfī’s (d. 716/1316) five treatises in which he describes Jesus in angelic terms, asserting that in his nature Jesus was an angel, but in form a human being. It also provides a thorough analysis of Ṭūfī’s scriptural arguments for the notion of an angelic Jesus. The question of his possible sources is further addressed. Are there any Christian writings that describe Jesus in angelic terms? If so, how do they relate to Ṭūfī’s ‘angel-natured Jesus’? Pointing out a number of early Christian textual traditions that clearly bear marks of the notion of an angelic Jesus, the paper then sheds light upon those sources that may have led to a milieu that ultimately influenced Ṭūfī’s opinion. Ṭūfī’s reference to an angelic Jesus and his willingness to incorporate it into his own Christology suggest that at least some features of angel Christology must have been still ‘in the air’ in the early 14th century Egyptian context.


Author(s):  
Eleftheria Thanouli

This article appears in the Oxford Handbook of Sound and Image in Digital Media edited by Carol Vernallis, Amy Herzog, and John Richardson. This essay offers a close reading of Barry Levinson’s Wag the dog (New Line Cinema, 1997) in order to discuss a series of issues pertaining to the relation of cinema and reality in the digital era. Wag the Dog functions as an exemplary case study wherein the pro-filmic, the filmic, and the post-filmic events illustrate the complex interactions of the cinema/reality in this new phase of digital ontology. This essay follows the evolving nature of terms and concepts, such as analog and digital inscriptions, reference, indexicality, and fiction and nonfiction discourse while it traces the intricate interactions between film and reality in the current media-saturated social reality.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mary Ingemansson

SammanfattningTexten behandlar hur elever på svensk grundskolenivå i årskurs 1–8, med hjälp av olika lässtrategier, kan skaffa sig förmåga att djupläsa texter för att nå förståelse av både läsningen och det lästa. Den teoretiska och metodologiska basen hänvisar till den amerikanska läsforskning som har bedrivits av Judith A. Langer med ett stort forskarteam vid Albany University, USA. Djupläsningsmetoder förklaras och diskuteras. Artikeln diskuterar Langers “envisionment-building” begrepp och presenterar ett empiriskt material taget från en undersökning av lässtrategier hos elever i åldrarna 7–13. I Sverige har teorin operationaliserats av författaren i fortsättningsforskning i skolor. Den didaktiska läsutvecklingen från svenska skolor beskrivs. Resultat och diskussion handlar om hur barn och ungdomar kan skapa djup förståelse av text. De autentiska fasbaserade frågorna som används både muntligt och skriftligt vid djupläsning gör att innehållet blir grundligt diskuterat i samtal med lärare och kamrater. Omläsning visar sig vara viktigt. Genomförda textsamtal resulterar i ett mycket fördjupat läsande för eleverna. Motivationshöjande är att eleverna får agera socialt genom textsamtal vid tolkningen och att det ständigt sker en återkoppling från lärarens och kamraternas sida. Motivationen kan även öka om eleverna lyckas med alltmer utmanande texter. Djupläsning med fas¬baserade frågor är en effektiv lässtrategi för att skapa förutsättningar för djupläsning, som i sin tur ger förutsättning för bästa möjliga förståelse av läsningen såväl som det lästa. Läsmarkeringar under läsningens gång gör att läsningen blir långsammare och mer grundlig. Läsandets förutsättning, villkor och process kan sammanfattas i en modell skapad utifrån operationaliseringsprocessen.Nyckelord: djupläsning, textsamtal, lässtrategier, didaktik, läsmotivationClose reading and reading strategiesAbstractThe text discusses how Swedish pupils in primary and secondary school, aged 7–13, with the aid of different reading strategies, can improve their ability to close-read texts in order to gain a better understanding not only of the text but also of the reading process. The study is theoretically and methodologically anchored in the reading research of Judith A. Langer, University of Albany, USA. The study adapts and develops Langer’s concept of envisionment building. The empirical material includes a study of the reading strategies of Swedish pupils aged 7–13. In Sweden, these findings have been operationalized by the author as part of her continuing research in schools. The results and discussion address how children can acquire a deep understanding of texts. The authentic, stance-based questions, which are used both when students read aloud and silently, ensure that the content is properly discussed in text talks with teachers and other pupils. Re-reading is important. The text talks result in a close reading of the texts. The social interaction that is part of text interpretation, as well as the feedback students receive from one another and from their teacher, boost motivation. Motivation can also increase if the students succeed with more challenging texts. Close reading with stance-based questions is a very effective reading strategy, which enables the students to understand the text and the reading process. Taking notes while reading makes the reading slower and more thorough. The conditions, terms and process of reading are summed up in a model that describes what happens.Keywords: close reading, text talks, reading strategies, didactics, motivation for reading


Author(s):  
◽  
VALTERS ZARIŅŠ ◽  

Book review focuses on two books by Gunther Neumann, dedicated to the thought of Heidegger and Leibniz. If one of the books deals specifically with the understanding of freedom in both of the two philosophers, then the other one deals more with Heidegger’s three approaches to Leibniz’s thought: (1) Interpretation of Leibniz in the context of the making of fundamental ontology and in Being and Time, as well as the reading of Leibniz after Being and Time; (2) Interpretation of Leibniz during the transition to Ereignis thought; (3) Interpetation of Leibniz in the framework of Ereignis thought. Author’s scrupulous close reading approach allows to show the changes in Heidegger’s approach to Leibniz’s philosophy, as well as sketch out the placement of Leibniz’s great themes on the horizon of Heidegger’s history of the truth of being. Author also shows that from metaphysics there stems a certain view in the modern philosophical discussions oriented on neurosciences—a certain view on the human being and on the freedom of will. On this background Heidegger appears as a thinker who has looked beyond the alloy of metaphysics and sciences, in which the concept of freedom has been greatly restricted. Heidegger manages (thanks to the radical questioning of Being) to turn the view on the problem of freedom, which appears in G. Neumann’s books as the main problem of philosophy—through the contact of Leibniz’s thought and Heidegger’s.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Le Cai

Punished by God without conducting evil, Job becomes suspicious of theodicy. His attitudes towards the world, life and God have been subverted and rebuilt owing to his affliction. The changed outlooks confuse and torture him so that he keeps asking questions in order to figure out the reason and meaning of his own suffering, which shows his intelligence and sensibility as a human being. This makes him a remarkable literary image with a tint of humanistic color. Based on the close reading of The Book of Job, this paper analyzes the changes of Job’s understanding of the world, life and God during his suffering. The paper comes to the conclusion that Job’s examination of his inherent views in a period of upheaval in his life demonstrates the idea of humanism to some extent. However, as the ending of the story shows men have to rely on God for salvation, therefore “humanism” in a religious context has to compromise with the theological system. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that The Book of Job somewhat displays embryonic humanistic thought and Job can be regarded as a primitive humanist in the theological discourse.


Author(s):  
Alasdair Pettinger

Through a close reading of Douglass’s farewell speech in London, the newspaper coverage of the racist discrimination he faced once again from the Cunard shipping company, and his subsequent account of the episode, this chapter shows how Douglass returned to the United States, equipped with the skills and confidence to embark on a new phase of his career, breaking away with his mentor William Lloyd Garrison with a strong sense of his own, distinctive, role in the antislavery struggle to come.


Author(s):  
Morten Stene

In this essay I argue that Plato’s The Republic, Book 3, offers an often overlooked aspect of the affective dimension in Plato’s philosophy of music. The key concept is mimesis. In connection with current research on the topic of Plato and mimesis in The Republic, I propose that Plato’s treatment of music in Book 3 offers new ways of understanding the concept of mimesis more closely in relation to music. Musical mimesis prepares the soul for thinking (logos) through musical experience. Thus, music is not merely a preparation for philosophy in the education of the human being. It may also be seen as an experience-based precondition for it. I explore how the concept of musical mimesis may shed light on the tension between music and philosophy in Plato’s thinking. I start by discussing different perspectives on how to read Plato. The argument is then developed in three phases. First, I examine the wide concept of mousiké techné, with specific focus on its relation to philosophy in Plato’s dialogues. Second, I undertake a close reading of the treatment of mimesis in The Republic, Book 3. Finally, these perspectives are discussed in relation to current discourse on music philosophy. Musical mimesis offers a new understanding of the relation between music and philosophy in Plato’s thinking, which continues to pose a challenge to how we think about this relation today.


Author(s):  
Naomi Waltham-Smith

Humanity has been determined as the animal that has language. A close reading of Beethoven’s Cavatina from the String Quartet Op. 130, examines the possibility that the human being does not immediately and necessarily possess its own voice. Guided by Nancy and Lévinas, this chapter examines what it is like to encounter one’s body as thoroughly improper, and even as an experience of shame. This leads to a novel analysis of this movement that explains both its heart-wrenchign poignancy and also the discomfit it has provoked. It also develops the concept of voice in a new direction, detaching it from the phenomenological tradition.


Author(s):  
T. Schober

Nb, Ta and V are prototype substances for the study of the endothermic reactions of H with metals. Such metal-hydrogen reactions have gained increased importance due to the application of metal-hydrides in hydrogen- und heat storage devices. Electron microscopy and diffraction were demonstrated to be excellent methods in the study of hydride morphologies and structures (1). - Figures 1 and 2 show the NbH and TaH phase diagrams (2,3,4). EM techniques have contributed substantially to the elucidation of the structures and domain configurations of phases β, ζ and ε (1,4). Precision length measurement techniques of distances in reciprocal space (5) recently led to a detailed understanding of the distortions of the unit cells of phases ζ and ε (4). In the same work (4) the existence of the new phase η was shown. It is stable near -68 °C. The sequence of transitions is thus below 70 %.


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