scholarly journals ЯКІСНІ ЗМІНИ МОЛОКА–СИРОВИНИ ЗА ВПЛИВУ РІЗНИХ ГІГІЄНІЧНИХ УМОВ ОТРИМАННЯ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
L. Kondrasiy ◽  
O. Yakubchak
Keyword(s):  
Count Rate ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Total Bacteria

In Ukraine still remains relevant practice testing and purchase of raw milk by four quality classes. But for a long time in Ukraine working farms with modern methods zootechnical and veterinary management, with good dairy farming practices and good milking hygienepractices. So the aim of our study was to compare total bacteria count and somatic cells count in raw milk from this farms and farms that are still provided traditional (where were found some mistakes in milking hygiene practices) dairy farming practices in Ukraine. The qualityparameters of raw milk were collected from farms located in Kiev, Cherkassy, Poltava, Chernihiv and Vinnitsa regions of Ukraine. Totally –17 farms in both groups. Research period – one year (2015/12–01). In the paper presented results of stability during the year of the quality parameters of raw milk received from farms of some regions of Ukraine. Farms which were taken for the study were divided into two groups, by various dairy farming practices. The stability evaluation was performed by intervals of determinations of total bacteria count rate and somatic cells count in milk. The intervals of determinations were defined according to Ukraine standard 3662–97. Established that total bacteria count and somatic cells count rate of raw milk from farms with good dairy farming practices was at one and three intervals, respectively. So, for these raw milk we can recommended periodic testing. The intervals of determinations of total bacteria count and somatic cells count of raw milk from farms, were found some mistakes in milking hygiene practices varied, at 3 and 2 intervals respectively and divided in equal parts by the percentage. The value of the monthly average rate of somatic cells count in milk predominated in the largest range (from 500 to 600 ×1000/mL). Consequently, raw milk, from this farm has no predictability throughout the year and requires frequent checks of safety and quality.

scholarly journals Aлгоритм імплементації належної практики молочного фермерства з метою отримання безпечного та якісного молока-сировини

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (78) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
L.A. Kondrasii ◽  
O.M. Iakubchak ◽  
L.V. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Dairy Equipment

Currently, Ukraine has not control of sanitation and hygiene of obtaining raw milk on the farm. This is connected of the Order of the Prime Minister of Ukraine dated January 20, 2016, No. 94-р «On the recognition of invalid acts, and those that are not applicable in Ukraine, regulations of sanitary legislation» The assessment of some safety and quality indicators of milk is carried out only when milk is received for processing. An algorithm for the implementation of good dairy farming practices in Ukrainian farms has been developed, that give consideration the analysis of the current practices of raw milk production in Ukraine. The algorithm is based on the principles of good dairy farming practices and good farming practices for animal production food safety. The implementation of the algorithm will give an opportunity to provide and analyze of raw milk safety and quality parameters on Ukrainian farms. An algorithm of good dairy farming practices implementation on Ukraine farms take into account the creation of a working group, the development of 12 programs (which are provided with the 71st instruction) and the establish a farmstead laboratory.Give consideration research data about technical support and milk production practices at Ukrainian farms, we have been developed two blocks of programs to implement good dairy farming practices. a block of cow welfare programs and a block of programs for obtaining safe and high-quality milk-raw materials. The first – A block of programs for ensuring of cows welfare, includes programs: good stable climate, dairy barn and farm territory hygiene and technical condition, feed and water hygiene, good veterinary management, calves management, and occupational health of cow's carers. The second – A block of programs for ensuring safety and quality raw milk, includes programs: preparation of cows for milking, good milking practice, post-milking measures, control of support for technical serviceability of dairy equipment, good sanitary and hygienic status of dairy equipment and milking room, and the hygiene and occupational health of persons employed in the milking of the farm. 

Content of free fatty acids, lipolytic bacteria and somatic cells in relation to milking technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Mikulová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Automatic Milking System ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
South Bohemia

Content of free fatty acids, lipolytic bacteria and somatic cells in relation to milking technologyThe contents of free fatty acids (FFA) and counts of total bacteria, psychrotrophic lipolytic bacteria (PLiBC) and somatic cells were determined in 150 samples of cow's bulk raw milk on 20 farms with three different milking technologies in South Bohemia during 2008-10. FFA were determined using an extraction-titration method. Within the compared technologies, the highest mean values of FFA (3.88 mmol 100 g-1; P<0.001) and PLiBC (696 CFU ml-1) were observed on farms with pipeline milking in stalls. The lowest mean FFA level (1.54 mmol 100 g-1) was determined on farms with an automatic milking system. Medium values were determined on farms with parlour milking.

Knowledge Test Development for Dairy Farmers To Measure Knowledge Level About Scientific Dairy Farming Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama Jena ◽  
Mahesh Chander ◽  
Sushil K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Item Analysis ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Discrimination Index ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Difficulty Index

In the present study, a test was developed to measure the knowledge level of dairy farmers about scientific dairy farming. A preliminary set of 87 knowledge items was initially administered to 60 randomly selected dairy farmers for item analysis. The difficulty index and discrimination index was found out, and the items with difficulty index ranging from 30 to 80 and the discrimination index ranging from 0.30 to 0.55 were included in the final format of the knowledge test. A total of 48 items which fulfilled both the criteria were selected for the final format of knowledge test. Reliability of the test through split half method was found out to be 0.386 and the coefficient of correlation value by the test-retest method was 0.452, which was found to be significant at 1% level of significance. Hence, the knowledge test constructed was highly stable, reliable and validated for measuring what it intends to.

An Evaluation of Raw Milk Microorganisms as Markers of On-Farm Hygiene Practices Related to Milking

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. HUTCHISON ◽  
D. J. I. THOMAS ◽  
A. MOORE ◽  
D. R. JACKSON ◽  
I. OHNSTAD
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Milk Storage ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Dairy farm hygiene audits were undertaken at 24 farms during summer and winter and the results compared with transformed bacterial indicator levels in raw milk samples collected during each audit. The bacterial indicators measured were total viable counts, Escherichia coli, coliforms, Bacillus spp., Bifidobacteria spp., and Pseudomonas spp. The results of initial comparisons using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients showed presumptive relationships between some bacterial groups and the subjective quantitative audit scores. When investigated further using linear regression, the presumptive relationships were found to be influenced by external factors. Possible reasons for the low correlations between on-farm hygiene and bacterial indicator counts in raw milk were further investigated. Measurements of the uncertainty associated with the bacteriological results were undertaken and revealed geometric relative standard deviations that ranged from 0.019 to 1.05. Toward the higher end of this scale, the uncertainty associated with the laboratory estimations of bacterial numbers may have been large enough to blur hygiene score-marker bacteria relationships. The samples obtained from on-farm raw milk storage tanks were representative of the whole tank contents and not a significant source of error. Although total bacterial counts are widely acknowledged by the milk industry as not always giving a true measure of on-farm hygiene during milking, we were unable to find any marker bacteria that showed consistently higher correlations and were thus better suited as indicators of on-farm hygiene.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Quality Parameters of Royal Jelly, Apilarnil and Queen Bee Larvae Triturate

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rodica MARGAOAN ◽  
Liviu Alexandru MARGHITAS ◽  
Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN ◽  
Otilia BOBIS ◽  
Victorita BONTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

Given their beneficial effects in terms of health, the natural products, especially beehive products, have drawn the attention of consumers since long time ago. In order to guarantee the quality of these products on the market, their chemical composition needs to be analyzed. Thus, this current research had as objective the establishment of quality parameters for beehive brood food derived products: apilarnil and queen bee larvae triturate. These two products were compared with royal jelly which is the basis of brood food in the first 3 days of larval stage. The carbohydrates were determined by HPLC-IR and allowed the identification of seven carbohydrate compounds, predominantly glucose, fructose and sucrose. The lipid profile was analyzed by the Soxhlet method. The total protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Free amino acids were analyzed by LC-MS. A total of 31 amino acids were identified of which nine are essential amino acids for humans. 

scholarly journals Effect of somatic cell count on dairy products: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Talukder ◽  
HM Manir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Endogenous Enzymes ◽  
Fluid Milk

Somatic cells are the most essential factors naturally present in milk, and somatic cell count (SCC) is used as an indicator of monitoring mastitis incidence in the herd and also to assess the quality of milk. In addition, SCC is frequently used to determine quality payments to dairy producers. The SCC is directly related to get maximum milk production from individual cow and a lower SCC indicates better animal health, as somatic cells originate only from inside the animal's udder. SCC monitoring is important because as the number of somatic cells increases, milk yield is likely to fall, primarily due to the damage to milk-producing tissue in the udder caused by mastitis pathogens and the toxins they produce, particularly when epithelial cells are lost. Keeping low SSC will allow good quality more raw milk and provide a better product to milk processors whether used as fluid milk or converted to milk based products. Somatic cells containing lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes lead to degrade major nutrients fats and proteins, respectively. Elevated SCC is related to udder inflammation, which leads to alter the normal microbial count and physicochemical parameters of milk, as well as the quality of heat treated fluid milk and milk based product. The objective of this review is to discuss on the SSC and endogenous enzymes released from somatic cells in raw milk as well as effect of somatic cells count and their endogenous enzymes in processed milk and milk based products.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 1-9

scholarly journals Composition of raw milk from conventional and organic dairy farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Kucevic ◽  
Snezana Trivunovic ◽  
Vladan Bogdanovic ◽  
Ksenija Cobanovic ◽  
Dobrila Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Possible differences between composition of raw milk due to dairy farming system (organic vs conventional) as well as seasonal variations were investigated. The samples were analysed during one year. A total of 6.782 samples of raw milk were collected (4.496 from organic farming). Dairy farms were located in the northern part of Republic of Serbia (Province of Vojvodina). The principle of analysis of raw milk samples was in accordance with the methodology by midinfrared spectrometry and flow cytometry. The fixed effect of system of farming and season (winter, spring, summer and fall) have shown a high statistical significance (P < 0.01) on all examined milk parameters except fat, total solids and somatic cell count, where the impact was slightly lower (P < 0.05). Significant difference wasn't found in number of bacterial colonies (P > 0.05). Composition of milk is also affected by a number of other factors, therefore it is recommended to involve factors such as nutrition of dairy cows, breed and farm management.

A Model for Statistical Evaluation of Precision Parameters of Microbiological Methods: Application to Dry Rehydratable Film Methods and IDF Reference Methods for Enumeration of Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora and Coliforms in Raw Milk

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Piton ◽  
Rémy Grappin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Reference Methods ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Total Bacteria

Abstract A new statistical approach for collaborative study data of microbiological methods Is proposed. This Includes a confirmatory test to the Polsson distribution of the number of colonies. In addition, 2 new statistical parameters are used to express precision as a percent of the original unit: the geometric relative standard deviation (GRSD) and the critical relative difference between 2 measurements (RD95). This statistical approach was applied to an Interlaboratory study to assess and compare the precision of both dry rehydratable film (PetrlfUrn® SM and Petrifllm® VRB) methods and International Dairy Federation (IDF) reference methods [total aerobic mesophilic plate count (TAMPC) and violet red bile lactose agar (VRBL) methods] for estimation of total bacteria and collform, respectively, in raw milk. Each of the 14 laboratories In the study analyzed 40 laboratory samples (20 different materials In blind duplicates) for total bacteria and collform counts by both the Petrifllm and standard methods. Repeatability standard deviations (In log10 unit) of TAMPC, Petrifllm SM, VRBL, and Petrifllm VRB were 0.106, 0.089, 0.219, and 0.171, respectively; their reproducibility standard deviations were 0.170,0.167,0.348, and 0.199, respectively.

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