scholarly journals Waste management of pseudostem to increase the growth of banana seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Domingues Lima ◽  
Natália de Souza Bravo ◽  
Danilo Eduardo Rozane ◽  
Edson Suigueaki Nomura ◽  
Silvia Helena Modenese Gorla da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
State University ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Nutrients

Pseudostem is an abundant residue after harvesting of the banana bunch, serving as a source of water, nutrients and organic substances.  The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pseudostem waste on ‘Nanica’ banana (Musa spp. AAA) cultivar in greenhouse under contrasting environmental conditions.  For this, an experiment was carried out in in the São Paulo State University -UNESP in a randomized block design in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (presence or absence of waste and two seasons), consisting of four replicates of three experimental plots with two pots per plant.  One season was early November/2018 (Summer) and the other half of May/2019 (Winter).  A 40 cm portion of the pseudostem collected from of a freshly harvested plant was sectioned into 10 cm portions and placed under the substrate of the seedling-containing pot at both times.  Periodically, height, pseudostem diameter and leaf emission were evaluated.  After the release of leachate by the residue, plants were taken to the laboratory, and the area of leaves and roots, their respective masses, and the leaf nutrient content were determined.  The nutritional composition of the residue was evaluated before being applied for both seasons.  In summer, accumulated dry matter in the different organs, leaf area and root area was higher in the presence of the residue, while in winter, only root dry mass was higher (P < 0.01).  The application of residue had a consistent effect on root growth, which can be exploited in the field.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals Tifton 85 grass responses to different nitrogen levels and cutting intervals

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreno Egidio Taffarel ◽  
Eduardo Eustáquio Mesquita ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽  
Sandra Galbeiro ◽  
Patrícia Barcellos Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
State University ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of five levels of N and two regrowth intervals on the structural, productive, and nutritional characteristics of Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp). The experiment was conducted in a hay production field at the State University of West Paraná, planted in 2004 with Cynodon spp. cv. Tifton 85. The experiment was established in a randomized block design with factorial treatments of five N fertilization amounts (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1 cut-1) applied as urea after each cut, and two regrowth intervals (28 and 35 d), with four replicates. N application promoted changes in plant structure, such as increased canopy height, stem length, leaf elongation rate, and dry mass (DM) production. The greatest N use efficiency, considering the four harvests, occurred in the plot with 25 kg N ha-1 cut-1 at the 35-d interval, with a production of 13.79 kg DM kg-1 of N applied. A nutritional analysis indicated that 100 kg ha-1 of N cut-1 promoted higher crude protein (CP) at 28 d, with the highest concentration observed in the fourth cut (208.2 g kg-1 DM) and the lowest in the second cut (140.12 g kg-1 DM). The content average in the four cuts for CP and LIG at 28 days of regrowth was 175.85 and 104.33 kg-1 g MS and at 35 days of regrowth interval was of 164.45 and 118.65 g kg-1 DM, respectively. No differences were found between regrowth intervals in the contents of mineral matter and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Environmental factors including the wide variation in precipitation (greater than 200 mm between the peak in December 2010 and the lowest in March 2011) greatly influenced Tifton 85 grass production, affecting DM and the nutritional value of the forage in each cut.

scholarly journals Hidrogel, calagem e adubação no desenvolvimento inicial, sobrevivência e composição nutricional de plantas híbridas de eucalipto

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (86) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Edinéia Messias Martins Bartieres ◽  
Natália Hilgert de Souza Carnevali ◽  
Elizeu De Souza Lima ◽  
Thiago Oliveira Carnevali ◽  
Viviane Mallmann
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

Com a premissa de que a utilização de hidrogel associado à calagem e adubação em plantios de eucalipto aumenta a retenção de água e o teor de nutrientes no solo, objetivou-se avaliar a sobrevivência e o desenvolvimento inicial de clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis, em função da utilização de hidrogel, calagem e adubação. Em um Argissolo Vermelho, foram dispostos os tratamentos: 1) controle, 2) hidrogel, 3) adubação convencional, 4) adubação + calagem, 5) adubação + hidrogel e 6) adubação + calagem + hidrogel. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência, a altura, o diâmetro do caule, o teor de macronutrientes na parte aérea e atributos químicos do solo. O tratamento adubação + hidrogel proporcionou maior altura e diâmetro aos 240 dias após o transplante. Contudo, a sobrevivência foi maior no tratamento com adubação convencional. Os resultados indicam a viabilidade do uso de hidrogel. Porém, mais estudos devem ser realizados para comprovação de seus efeitos e recomendação de dosagens adequadas.Hydrogel, liming and fertilizing in early development, survival and nutritional composition of eucalyptus hybrid plantsWith the premise that use of hydrogel associated with liming and fertilization in eucalyptus plantations increases water retention and nutrient content in the soil, this work aimed to evaluate the survival and early development of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis when using hydrogel, liming and fertilization. In Ultisol, the treatments were: 1) control, 2) hydrogel, 3) conventional fertilization, 4) fertilizer + lime, 5) fertilizer + hydrogel and 6) fertilizer + lime + hydrogel. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with six replications and six plants per plot. We evaluated height, diameter, survival, macronutrient content in shoot and soil chemical properties. The hydrogel + fertilization treatment provided bigger height and diameter at 240 days after transplant, however, the survival was higher in fertilization treatment. The results indicate the viability of the hydrogel use. However but more studies are needed to prove its effects and recommendation of appropriate dosages.Index terms: Initial growth; Nutritional evaluation; Hidroretentor gel

scholarly journals Dry matter accumulation in genotypes of bean submitted to different levels of nitrogen

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-992
Author(s):  
Juliano Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
N Source ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this study was to verify the response of dry matter accumulation in bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different levels of nitrogen fertilizers. Six genotypes ('BRSMG Majestoso', 'Pérola', MA-I-18.13, 'Ouro Negro', 'BRSMG Talismã', and MA-I-2.5) were evaluated in Lavras, testing three N levels (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha) and using ammonium sulphate as N source. The experimental design adopted was the randomized block design in a 6 x 3 factorial structure with three replications and the plots were composed of five 5-m rows. The seeds were sown in November 2005 and July 2006. Total dry mass of five competitive plants was evaluated after 35 days from sowing, harvested from a pre-determined place in the useful area of the plots. This process was repeated every ten days until the harvest. The grain yield was also evaluated in one of the rows of the useful area of the plots. It was observed that regarding the dry mass accumulation, the genotypes did not present different responses at the N levels and the average increase per kg/ha applied N was 6.75 kg/ha grains. The genotype BRSMG Majestoso is the most responsive, with 14.4 kg/ha grains per kg applied N whereas the most tolerant is the MA-I-2.5 with1.8 kg/ha grains per kg N.

scholarly journals Doses and Sources of Nitrogen in Two Forage Cultivars on the Dry Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Soraia Olivastro Teixeira ◽  
Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita ◽  
Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho ◽  
Henrique Lehrbach ◽  
Gustavo Caione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Nitrogen fertilization is an essential practice for the increase in biomass of forage, reducing the seasonality of production throughout the year. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the green and dry matter accumulation of more sheaths leaf blades and stems of Brachiaria cultivars in the dry season. The experiment was conducted from May to October 2014, at the State University of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in an area of 1.500 m2. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were characterized by factorial 2 x 2 x 5, two forage (cv. Marandu and Mulato II), two N sources (urea and ammonium sulphate) and five doses of N (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1). Nitrogen fertilization affected the productive characteristics of forages, with greater accumulation of biomass at a dose of 200 ha-1 kg N. The nitrogen sources and forage influenced to a greater magnitude green mass production and dry stalks.

scholarly journals Weed Interference on Growth and Leaf Nutrient Accumulation in Two Cassava Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Gustavo Moratelli ◽  
Silvio Douglas Ferreira ◽  
Hiago Canavessi ◽  
Emerson Fey ◽  
Marcos Antonio Sedrez Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cassava Varieties

The development of cassava varieties with more efficient nutrient absorption can prevent losses caused by weed competition. The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter accumulation and leaf nutrient content in traditional and improved cassava varieties, with and without coexistence with weeds throughout the cycle. A randomized complete block design was used in a 2 x 2 x 11 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of two varieties (Baianinha and Clone 56-03); the second factor was composed of the conditions with and without coexistence with weeds, and the third factor was 11 harvest periods. Coexistence with weeds reduced leaf contents of N (20.8% and 24.8%), P (26.7% and 4.6%) and K (27.1% and 12.6%) for 'Baianinha' and 'Clone 56-03', respectively. For coexistence with 'Baianinha', the period up to the maximum daily nutrient accumulation rate (N, P and K) ranged from 82 to 99 days after planting (DAP), while for 'Clone 56-03', coexistence in this period ranged from 80 to 88 DAP. The plants from the variety 'Clone 56-03' presented higher total dry mass and root dry mass accumulation, as well as higher leaf contents of N, P and K than the traditional cassava variety 'Baianinha', especially when in coexistence with weeds during the whole cycle.

scholarly journals Identification of sorghum hybrids for silage production in the semiarid (BSh) region of northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2803-2814
Author(s):  
Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
José Morais Pereira Filho ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Production Characteristics

The objective of this study was to identify the hybrids of sorghum most suitable for the production of silage in the semiarid regions of northeastern Brazil. Twenty-three hybrids were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replicates. The dry mass yield; dry mass of leaf, stem, panicle, grains, and senescent matter; and chemical composition of the plant were evaluated. The pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), and chemical composition of the silage were also assessed. The hybrids 947252, FEPAGRO 18, 12F042226, and SF 11 performed best in terms of morphological characteristics, with the highest mass of leaves and grains. The hybrid FEPAGRO 19 had the highest dry matter value (443.3 ± 17.0 g kg-1), whereas the hybrid 12F042496 had the lowest value (271.3 ± 17.0 g kg-1). The dry matter (DM) content of the other hybrids was within the recommended values for silage production (280 to 400 g kg-1). High levels of crude protein were observed in the grouped hybrids 12F042496, 947254, and 12F042422. The hybrid 12F042496 had the highest neutral detergent fiber content. The hybrids 9929036, 9929030, 9929012, 947254, 947072, PROG 134 IPA, 12F042226, 12F042422, and BRS 506 had pH values ranging between 3.8 and 4.2, indicating good quality silage. Overall, the sorghum hybrids 9929030, 12F042224, 12F042150, FEPAGRO19, and FEPAGRO11 had the best growth and production characteristics, and plant and silage chemical composition, and are thus recommended for the production of silage in the semiarid of northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Optimization tifton-85 grass cutting for productivity and nutrient value

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37009
Author(s):  
Daniel Ottoni ◽  
Alex de Matos Teixeira ◽  
Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves ◽  
Naiara Taís Alves Da Silva ◽  
Diego Soares Gonçalves Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to determine the impact of cutting Tifton-85 grass at 14, 28, 42, 46, 70, and 80 days of regrowth on its production and nutritional characteristics during the rainy season. The study area of 238 m2 was divided into four sub-area, with 6 plots of 2 × 2 m spaced 1 m between plots and 2 m between sub-area. Random block design was used. The statistical analyses were performed following a randomized block design. Results were obtained as means from evaluations conducted in two consecutive years. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) increased as the cutting age increased. However, crude protein, NDF nitrogen, ADF nitrogen and leaves/stem relationship decreased as the cutting age increased. The production of digestible dry matter increased linearly as the cutting age increased. Similarly, grass height, green matter and dry matter production (DMP) increased as the cutting age increased. The different cutting age did not influence the nitrogen A, B1 + B2, and B3 fractions of the grass. However, the C fraction increased as the cutting age increased. Longer intervals between cuts increased the grass productivity per cut, but compromised its nutritional composition and leaves/stem relationship. For Tifton -85, the regrowth age of 28 days allows greater production of dry matter and greater accumulated production of crude protein and digestive dry matter in the rainy season or over time.

scholarly journals Fiber composition and degradability of cold season green forage and pre-dried silage harvested at pre-flowering

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Jony Cley dos Santos ◽  
Julina Mareze ◽  
Ivone Yurika Mizubuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
State University ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study aimed to evaluate the contents of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, as well as the rates of dry matter degradability in forage and pre-dried silage of different winter cereals harvested at pre-flowering. The experiment was conducted by the Animal Production Center (NUPRAN), Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO). It is located in Guarapuava – PR, Brazil. The study was part of the Master's Degree in Crop Production. As experimental materials, we used black oat (Avena strigosa) cv. EMB 139 and cv. IAPAR 61; white oat (Avena sativa) cv. IPR and 126 hp. URS Taura; barley (Hordeum vulgare) cv. BRS Brau and cv. BRS Cauê; wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. BRS Umbu and cv. BRS Tarumã; rye (Secale cereale) cv. Temprano and cv. BRS Serrano; and triticale (X Triticosecale) cv. IPR and 111 hp. BRS Saturn. Dry matter degradability was measured by an in situ technique, arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications (animal), subdivided in subplots. Treatments were the plots and subplots digestion times. The incubation times were 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. To that end, we used two 24-month rumen fistulated steers with 350 kg average weight. A similarity was observed in the results of both forage and pre-dried silage degradability, displaying the same trends. Barley cv. BRS Brau had the highest hemicellulose content in its composition; however, IPR 111 triticale was showed the highest degradability potential, both for green forage and pre-dried silage.

scholarly journals Adubação nitrogenada via substrato no cultivo de bromélia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Fernanda Helena Souza Santos ◽  
Elka Fabiana Aparecida Almeida ◽  
Jussara Ellen Morais Frazão ◽  
Simone Novaes Reis ◽  
Ângela Maria Pereira Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

One of the reasons for the predatory extraction of bromeliads is the lack of information about the techniques of growing these plants, mainly in relation to fertilization. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen on substrate in vegetative growth and nutrient content in leaves of bromeliads Nidularium fulgens. Seedlings were submitted to six levels of nitrogen: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/dm3. The experimental design used was the randomized block design with six treatments, five replications and three plants per plot. Plants were evaluated on the number of leaves, height, diameter of base, dry matter and foliar mineral composition. The results showed that there was a linear increase of the height, number of leaves and foliar dry matter with higher nitrogen rates. The increasing levels of nitrogen gave an increase in foliar nitrogen and manganese and reduce leaf content of calcium and copper. Nitrogen rates applied did not influence the contents of P, K, S, B, Zn and Mg. These results suggest that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer at 500 mg/dm3 in Nidularium fulgens provides greater vegetative development, increases the leaf N and Mn content and reduces the content of Ca and Cu.

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