scholarly journals The Attitudes of Students towards Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-640
Author(s):  
Igor A. Fourmanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Training Resources ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Almost All

Introduction. Violence in social relations is an important humanitarian problem that concerns not only the behavior of individuals, but also the entire system of interaction within society as a whole. Most of the research in this area has focused on marital and family relations, leaving aside such essential areas of social life as war, the severity of criminal penalties, and the legality of the death penalty. The topic of studying students' attitudes to violence is relevant, since representatives of this age group belong to the most active and initiative part of modern society. The significance of this study is determined by the possible negative consequences of violent attitudes in behavior and social relations. Aggression and empathy as personality traits influence the formation and implementation of violent attitudes in behavior. The purpose of the article is to study students' violent attitudes. Materials and Methods. The study rests on the “Questionnaire of violent attitudes” by I. A. Fourmanov and M. V. Apanovich, “Aggression Questionnaire” (AQ) by A. Bass and M. Perry, “Interpersonal Reactivity Index” (IRI) M. Davis. The survey involved 731 first-fourth-year students of various Belarusian universities. Processing of the results was carried out using T-test for comparison of two independent samples, correlation analysis by Pearson and multivariate covariance analysis (MANOVA). Results. It was found that women have statistically higher rates of attitudes towards the war and punishing offenders than men. Men in comparison with women had more pronounced indices of attitudes towards corporal punishment of children and spousal violence. Discovered a positive relationship between indicators of physical and verbal aggression, anger, hostility, and negative relationship of decentration (PT), compassion (FS), empathic concern (EC) and personal distress (PD) with different attitudes towards violence in men and women. Physical aggression and hostility, regardless of gender, are significant factors that affect the strength of almost all violent attitudes. Characteristics of empathy influence forced installation variable depending on gender. Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate the current state of violent attitudes of modern students, and allow to develop a system of educational and training resources that promote the formation of students’ peaceful, humanitarian and non-violent attitudes. This article will be useful to university teachers, scientists and psychologists.

MATRIMONIAL PROPERTY RELATIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL FAMILY LAW: METHODOLOGY OF REGULATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Law Regulation

As a result of this study, the family law regulation of matrimonial property relations was found to have its specific mechanism which is defined as a single system of legal ways and means providing mainly dispositive legal influence on family relations that allows significant influence of individual self-regulation and restrictions of prohibitions. At the present stage of study, this mechanism is considered as a ‘complex’ phenomenon which has several layers. Therefore, different interpretations of the mechanism for family law regulation of matrimonial property relations, derived at various levels, show not only their distinctive but also their common features. Determination of heterogeneous circumstances affecting the matrimonial property relations requires an analysis of the content and legal regulation of the relations related to property ones, since they are influenced by the mechanism for family law regulation of matrimonial property relations. Therefore, the methodology is the most essential element of this mechanism: it reveals the basic legal principles of family law regulation and directly connects legal tools with the objectively determined needs of social life by using the regulatory functions of law. The structure of the methodology of the mechanism for family law regulation of matrimonial property relations includes permits, prohibitions, instructions, incentives, obligations, sanctions and other ways to influence proper relationships. Methods of family law regulation are determined as methods of legal influence on the relevant social relations. They reflect the essence of a particular legal regime of regulation, while serving as a unifying principle which groups the system of family law and other legal phenomena within the institutions of family law. In this sense, the main methods of legal regulation are the method of subordination and the method of coordination. As a result, it is determined that each family law method reflects a special legal regime of regulation and depends on the formation of a specific set of techniques and means of regulation, among which a special place is occupied by general permits and general prohibitions.

scholarly journals Fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Mikhailovna Patrakeeva ◽  
Mariia Nikolayevna Dunicheva ◽  
Alsu Gafurovna Zalevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia ◽  
Negative Consequences

Independently of causes and risk factors of hypoglycaemia, its manifestations are always unfavourable and evoke fear and other negative emotions that lead to negative consequences connected with quality of diabetes control. The fear of hypoglycaemia creates an internal conflict by diminishing patients? motivation to adhere to intensive treatment regimes. In addition to the severity of hypoglycaemia and its negative consequences, quality of life is one of the main criteria for evaluating the physical, psychological and social components of patient's life as a whole. Fear of hypoglycaemia is one of the most important factors; it either directly or indirectly affects quality of life and influences all aspects of the patient's life. Fear of hypoglycaemia is also a source of anxiety for the patient's relatives, causing damage to their familial and social relations. The negative consequences of hypoglycaemia can affect the relationship between spouses, as well as between parents and children with type 1 diabetes. The qualitative and quantitative data demonstrate that non-severe nocturnal hypoglycaemia causes more anxiety and fear in patients than daytime hypoglycaemia does. To quantify the fear of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes, the hypoglycaemia fear scale (HFS) was developed and still is the most commonly used instrument. To assess the fear of hypoglycaemia in children and their parents, the HFS scale was adapted to be used in the paediatric population: HFS for parents (PHFS) and HFS for children (CHFS). From a clinical point of view, these scales for measuring the level of fear of hypoglycaemia may be useful for monitoring adult patients and families who may need additional support, training or assistance in dealing with issues related to hypoglycaemia. The methods for regulating the fear of hypoglycaemia range from behavioural to pharmaceutical and surgical ones, and include a broad range of activities. Nevertheless, the problem remains quite relevant today and an integral approach for solving this problem, both by the physician and by the patient, should be used. Proper assessment of the patient's level of anxiety, impact of the fear of hypoglycaemia on his or her social life, awareness of the possible psychological consequences of this problem may positively affect both the behaviour and mood of the patient, and the opportunity to achieve better glycaemic control.

scholarly journals Personal and socio-demographic characteristics as correlates of value orientations and interests of students in Vojvodina

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Olivera Gajic ◽  
Spomenka Budic ◽  
Biljana Lungulov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Novi Sad

Social transition and changes in the cultural context inevitably impose the need of redefining the value systems which are particularly reflected through the differences of the multicultural framework such as, for example, Vojvodina. The paper presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of students? interests and value orientations. The results are viewed through the prism of influence of respondents? individual and socio-demographic characteristics. Non-experimental causal method was used to study the correlation between variable groups. Interviewing was the research technique. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire constructed for the purposes of the research. The study was conducted during the school year 2007/08 in Novi Sad, on the sample of 480 respondents - students of the University of Novi Sad, aged 19 to 24. Gender was studied in the group of personal (individual, constitutional) features and it proved out to be a significant correlate of certain interests: sport, cultural and creative, as well as relational values (nourishing harmonious family relations, marriage, parenthood, partnership, feeling of belonging et al.). In the group of socio-demographic characteristics (structural forms of the family, financial status, social background, socio-cultural space: rural-urban) it was established that social background correlates with interest in sport activities, educational and artistic interests, while variables social background and place of residence correlate with social life and social relations as dominant value orientations. Research results provide pedagogical implications for educational work with youth aimed at developing the values connected with constructive activities and encouragement of proactive orientation with respect to one?s own surroundings and existence, as well as the guidelines for introducing new contents into the existing curricula, in accordance with the expressed values and interests of youth.

scholarly journals Modernization of Family in Russia and China: the Role of the Government

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
M. A. Kashina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

The individualization of social relations is the main trend in modern society. People do not depend on family and help of its members anymore. They rely on themselves, their individual capabilities and successes. Family modernization is determined by a socio-historical and political-ideological context of a country. It is expressed in a degree to which the family loses its economic functions. The global trend of family nuclearization and fertility decline is manifested differently in Russia and China due to the degree of urbanization, the economic activity of women and the population’s commitment to traditional family values. In order to preserve the birth rate, China began to pursue a neo-familism policy which based on the values of Confucianism. Russia does not have the opportunity to go the same way, because urbanization and modernization of society, started in this country much earlier than in China. The task of stabilizing the population of Russia can be solved only by further modernizing of family relations. It should lead to the creation of an egalitarian (partner) model of the family. At the same time, this does not deprive the Russian state of the opportunity to use the family as a buffer, mitigating for the population the cruelty of the realities of the market economy.

scholarly journals Danger of cyberbullying and Internet dependence of teenagers: interrelations and properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Viktor P. Sheinov ◽  
Viktor А. Karpievich ◽  
Natal’ya V. Dyatchik ◽  
Galina N. Polkhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Cyberbullying is a form of violence through bullying, harassment, bullying, humiliation, intimidation carried out using the Internet, mobile phones and other electronic devices. Cyberbullying is very common in modern society and causes significant harm to its victims, negatively affecting their mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to identify in the Russian-speaking society the connections and properties of insecurity from cyberbullying and Internet addiction. The article shows that vulnerability to cyberbullying of adolescents is positively associated with Internet addiction and negatively with life satisfaction, while in girls it is also positively associated with stress, anxiety and depression, a craving for smoking and negatively associated with self-efficacy in affairs. Internet addiction of adolescents is positively associated with anxiety, depression and stress and negatively with self-esteem, life satisfaction and self-efficacy in business relationships, and in girls – also with self-efficacy in interpersonal relationships. Internet addiction in girls is stronger than in young men associated with insecurity from cyberbullying, with stress, with a decrease in self-efficacy in business and in interpersonal relationships, therefore, for girls, Internet addiction and insecurity from cyberbullying is more likely than for boys, is fraught with negative consequences. The connection between academic performance and Internet addiction turned out to be statistically insignificant, which differs from the conclusions of a number of foreign psychologists who found that there is a negative correlation between Internet addiction and academic performance. A negative relationship between academic performance and smoking in girls and a positive relationship between academic performance and stress in boys and girls were revealed. Craving for smoking in girls positively correlates with stress. Most of the relationships established in this study in Russian-speaking society between insecurity from cyberbullying and Internet addiction on the one hand and anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and craving for smoking are consonant with foreign results on the corresponding relationships of cyberbullying and Internet addiction.

scholarly journals Earnings Management and State Ownership: A Primary Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Francesco Capalbo ◽  
Marco Sorrentino ◽  
Margherita Smarra
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Almost All

Purpose: State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) have a growing importance in the economic and social life of both developed and developing countries, being present in their key sectors such as telecommunication, electricity, transportation. The purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of the up to date literature on the relation between State Ownership and Earnings management.Design/methodology/approach: An examination of the literature was undertaken to review the quantitative studies that analyze the existence or the non-existence of a relation between State Ownership and Earnings management, comparing population and data set used, methodology applied and result achieved. To find studies relevant to the issue, we utilized Google Scholar and delimited the research to 20 top Scholarly Journals, over the interval 1996-2016.Findings: The available literature seems to offer contrasting viewpoints regarding the relationship between public ownership and earnings management, even though studies generally show a slight prevalence towards a negative relationship. This means that the quality of the earnings published in the budgets of public owned enterprises must be slightly higher than the earnings published by private companies.Research limitations/implications: Almost all studies reviewed present limitations that hinder the assumption of general rules regarding the obtained results. At the same time, the different studies do not always use the same system to measure earnings management activities.Practical implications: The paper might offer interesting implications for central and local governments, in order to influence the decisions on their intervention in the market.Originality/value: To our knowledge, this is the first study trying to attempt this emerging goal. 

scholarly journals Philosophy of Responsibility in Mastering the Integrity of Social Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Petr Kostin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Philosophical Study ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Ethical Content ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

The author connects the demand for social and philosophical research of the responsibility phenomenon with the need to strengthen the processes of self-identification, due to the decrease in the influence of the value and cultural space of modern society on the individual. The article substantiates the position on the irreducibility of the content of the responsibility category only to its ethical content due to the wider range of its social functions and socio-project potential. It is emphasized that in the space of social relations and their structures, the necessary condition for maintaining the influence of the moral and value world on organizational and technological processes is the development of relations between a person and society based on the relationship of responsibility. For this reason, the importance of a fundamental sociophilosophical study of the content of the responsibility category is associated in the article with overcoming the one-sidedness and incompleteness of its study in certain areas of social relations – medicine, business ethics, law, pedagogy, ecology – and identifying its integrative and project meanings as a factor of sustainable functioning and development of society. Revealing a number of historical and philosophical approaches to the analysis of responsibility, the author shows the connection of this category with the category of "freedom" both in its personal (existentialism of J.-P. Sartre) and transpersonal (representative of the philosophy of the Russian Diaspora S.A. Levitsky) dimensions. However, historical and philosophical experience testifies to the similarity of different methodological positions, which are determined by the fact that the content of the responsibility category reveals the forms of finding the personal meaning of life. The directions of philosophical searches of the XX century also point to the need to take into account, through the perspective of responsibility, the diversity of possibilities in different social circumstances and the understanding that only one of them will be realized. The disclosure of the meaning of responsibility as a norm of intersubjective interaction, in which the interests and needs of society are manifested, indicates its multidimensional nature and differences in the manifestation of the activities of individual and collective subjects of responsibility. Proceeding from this, it is shown that responsibility can be represented as a complex hierarchical system in which the levels that characterize it at the level of general and specific, as well as systemic and specialized knowledge are organically linked. Specifying the working model of connections that reveal the socio-philosophical content of responsibility, the author identifies a number of categories: general theory (society, person, state, social institution, nation, family, etc.); philosophy of Economics (property, labor, production, money, etc.); ethics (justice, conscience, duty, etc.); philosophy of religion and religious studies (God, fate, faith, sin, etc.); axiology (values). Based on the research, it is concluded that the socio-philosophical study of the category "responsibility" is promising, linking its philosophical, ethical and specifically scientific aspects, which is important for the theoretical and practical development of the human dimension and the morally-oriented development of modern society.

Social characteristic of religious rituals

1997 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Valentyna Bodak
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Social Characteristic ◽  
Religious Rituals

Society is a person in its social relations. If the term "society" is used to determine reality as a system of interconnections and relationships between people, then its social system appears as an entity in which human societies are diverse in character and social role. Social life is expressed in the grouping of members of society on the basis of certain objectively predetermined types of relations between them. The integrity and unity of religious communities, their qualitative specificity determines the content of the doctrine and cult, on which they grow.

Book Review: Toshchenko Zh.T. Trauma Society: Between Evolution and Revolution (The Experience of Theoretical and Empirical Analysis). Moscow: Ves’ Mir, 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Krivosheev
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Trauma Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Research ◽  
Further Development

The review reveals the basic conceptions elaborated by one of the major Russian modern sociologists Zh.T. Toshchenko in his new research. The reviewer argues that the book’s author thoroughly examines the various methodological grounds for identifying the essential characteristics of social dynamics. At the same time, the reviewer focuses on the further development of the theory of modern society, proposed by the book’s author. Thus, Zh.T. Toshchenko, who spent many years researching social deformations, formulates an important concept – the concept of a society of trauma as the third modality of social development along with evolution and revolution. The book offers a fundamentally new view of social life, there is a holistic, systematic approach to all its processes and phenomena. The reviewer concludes that the new book of the social theorist Zh.T. Toshchenko is a significant contribution to sociological theory, since it develops ideas about the state and prospects of Russian society, gives accurate assessments of all social processes.

SOCIAL CONFLICT: ARCHETYPAL NATURE AND RESOLUTION MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 294-305
Author(s):  
Ruslan Rafisovich Hasanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interdisciplinary Knowledge

On the basis of the archetypic analysis of development trends of a conflictological paradigm the author’s model of minimization of conflict potential in modern society is offered. Institutional construction is the basis for model that is harmonized with a factor of societal identity.It is noted that the problems of social conflicts, according to data from monitor- ing studies of the Ukrainian school of archetype, are increasingly shifted into the sphere of interpersonal relations. It is stimulated by the progression in society of so-called self-sufficient personalities, the “subjectification” of the social space, and at the same time narrowing down to the solution of entirely specific situations in which there is a collision of the interests of two or more parties.Instead, in order to find the optimal solution for resolving the conflict, it is necessary to have interdisciplinary knowledge, in particular understanding of the deep nature of such conflicts. Collision of points of view, thoughts, positions — a very frequent phenomenon of modern social life. In order to develop the correct line of behavior in various conflict situations, it is important to adequately under- stand the nature of the emergence of the modern conflict and the mechanisms for resolving them in substance. Knowledge of conflict nature enriches the culture of communication and makes human life and social groups not only more calm, but also creates conditions for constructive development. It is proved that in modern life one can not but agree with the statement that an individual carries first re- sponsibility for his own life and only then for the life of the social groups to which he belongs. And while making decisions within the framework of modern mecha- nisms (consensus), the properties of human psychology such as extroversion, emo- tionality, irrationality, intuition, externality, and executive ability will not at least contribute to such a task.That is why in the author’s research attracted attention to the archetypal na- ture of the conflict — the primitive images, ideas, feelings inherent in man as a bearer of the collective unconscious.

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