scholarly journals Adaptación y rendimiento de híbridos de alta calidad de proteína en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de México

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Ernesto Preciado ◽  
Hugo Córdova ◽  
Arturo Terrón ◽  
Ernesto Cervantes ◽  
Esteban Betanzos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
National Quality

A national quality protein maize program was initiated to develop, identify and release high yield potential quality protein maize hybrids and varieties adapted to different regions. Three-way crosses were predicted, based on 10 quality protein maize inbred lines diallel, which were evaluated at five Mexican locations during 1997. The predicted three-way crosses performance were evaluated at 11 tropical and subtropical Mexican locations during 1999. The superior group of predicted three-way crosses showed a good performance in almost all locations. They were competitive in grain yield with quality protein maize single crosses and normal commercial hybrids. The three-way quality protein maize hybrids with the best adaptation across locations were hybrids which involved tropical and subtropical inbred lines. In tropical regions the highest grain yield (10 t/ha) were obtained at Iguala, Guerrero. In subtropical regions the highest grain yield (16 t/ha) were obtained at Celaya, Guanajuato. The predicted three way hybrids are considered a good alternative for countries with tropical and subtropical climate were the use of single crosses is not common yet, because of seed production problems, with the advantage of quality protein maize character for regions where maize consumption is significant.

Breeding of cycloxydim-tolerant maize (CTM) hybrids at the Cereal Research Non-Profit Co. Ltd.

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Szél ◽  
E. Széll ◽  
G. Pálfay ◽  
M. Gazdagné Torma
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Know How ◽  
High Yield Potential

The Duo-System technology, which is basically a combination of the Focus Ultra herbicide and cycloxydim-tolerant maize hybrids, is spreading as a tool for weed control in maize crops. The Cereal Research Non-Profit Co. Ltd. commenced the breeding of cycloxydim-tolerant maize (CTM) hybrids based on know-how from BASF. CTM hybrids were created by crossing the CTM inbred lines developed in the initial phase of the programme. The herbicide tolerance of the hybrids was tested in dose rate trials with Focus Ultra in 2008 and 2009. The agronomic value of the novel CTM hybrids was tested in performance trials in 2009. CTM hybrids with high yield potential have been selected as a result of the breeding programme.

scholarly journals GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES OF DRYLAND MAIZE HYBRIDS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Amzeri ◽  
◽  
B.S. DARYONO ◽  
M. SYAFII ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
The Stability

The phenotypic analysis of new candidate varieties at multiple locations could provide information on the stability of their genotypes. We evaluated the stability of 11 maize hybrid candidates in five districts in East Java Province, Indonesia. Maize hybrids with high yield potential and early maturity traits derived from a diallel cross were planted in a randomized complete block design with two checks (Srikandi Kuning and BISI-2) as a single factor with four replicates. The observed traits were grain yield per hectare and harvest age. The effects of environment, genotype, and genotype × environment interaction on yield were highly significant (P < 0.01). KTM-1, KTM-2, KTM-4, KTM-5, and KTM-6 showed higher average grain yield per hectare than the checks (Srikandi Kuning = 8.49 ton ha−1 and BISI-2 = 7.32 ton ha−1) at five different locations. The average harvest age of 11 candidates was less than 100 days. KTM-4 and KTM-5 had production yields that were higher than the average yield of all genotypes in all environments (Yi > 7.78 tons ha−1) and were considered stable on the basis of three stability parameters, i.e., Finlay–Wilkinson, Eberhart–Russell, and additive main effect multiplicative interaction (AMMI). KTM-2 had the highest yield among all tested genotypes (9.33 ton ha−1) and was considered as stable on the basis of AMMI but not on the basis of Finlay–Wilkinson and Eberhart–Russell. KTM-1 performed well only in Pamekasan, whereas KTM-6 performed well only in Sampang. Thus, these two genotypes could be targeted for these specific locations.

scholarly journals Performance of Sorghum Recombinant Inbred Lines (RIL) developed for rain-fed areas of Sudan

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
El Hassan ◽  
Yasir Gamar ◽  
Ibrahim Elzein ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Tareg Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Wide Range

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is the most widely produced and consumed cereal crop in Sudan. However, productivity is low since the crop is produced in favorable and unfavorable environments where the crop suffers from drought stresses at different growth stages. In the present study, six sorghum inbred lines developed by local breeding program and two commercial checks were evaluated for grain yield potential, yield stability, some important agronomic characters and grain quality properties. Series variety trials were conducted at Elobeid and Suki, Damazin areas of Sudan, during three consecutive rainy seasons. The selected locations represent low, medium and high rainfall areas of Sudan. The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that mean squares of genotypes, seasons, locations, location x season, location x genotypes, season x genotypes and season x location x genotype interactions were highly significant (P=0.01) for grain yield. The sorghum genotypes Edo 34-23-4, Edo 26-18 and Edo 16-dwarf produced substantially higher grain yields than commercial checks and the trial mean. Their percentage yield increase ranged from 5% to 75% over commercial checks. The stability analysis revealed that the above mentioned Edo-genotypes had high yield potentials and were stable across a wide range of agricultural conditions. Moreover, the same Edo-lines showed early maturing compared to selected commercial checks and also the Edo-lines possessed good food grains and were market preferred and acceptable for making quality kisra (fermented sorghum pancake-like flatbread). The Edo developed lines also possess the acceptable grain quality in addition to moderate physical grain characteristics such as protein content, fat acidity and moisture content.

Comparative Response of Conventional and Quality Protein Maize Hybrids to High Population Densities in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O B Bello
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimum plant population is very important in enhancing high and stable grain yield especially in quality protein maize (QPM) production. A field trial was therefore conducted to compare the performance of six hybrids (three each of QPM and normal endosperm) at three population densities using a split-plot design at the sub-station of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Oke-Oyi, in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Plant population -1 densities (53,333, 66,666, and 88,888 plants ha ) constituted the main plots and the six hybrids were assigned to the subplots, replicated three times. Our results showed a differential response of maize -1 hybrids to high densities, with plant populations above 53,333 plants ha reduced grain yield, and this is more pronounced in QPM than normal endosperm hybrids. This is contrary to the results observed in many other countries. This might be that the hybrids were selected in low yield potential area at low plant densities, and hence not tolerant to plant density stress. It may also be due to low yield potential of the experimental site, which does not allow yield increases at high plant densities. Though normal endosperm hybrids 0103-11 and 0103-15 as well as QPM Dada-ba were superior for grain yield among -1 the hybrids at 53,333 plants ha , hybrid 0103-11 was most outstanding. Therefore, genetic improvement of QPM and normal endosperm hybrids for superior stress tolerance and high yield could be enhanced by selection at higher plant population densities.

scholarly journals B73 and related inbred lines in maize breeding

Genetika ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milisav Stojakovic ◽  
Goran Bekavac ◽  
Nenad Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se

Inbred lines B73 and Mol7 or some versions thereof are the most commonly used parental pair in the development of medium late and late maize hybrids in Serbia and Montenegro. Because of the ever-increasing importance of line B73 in maize hybrid production, we chose several B73-type lines and a few unrelated lines and crossed them. Using the pedigree method, progenies were developed up to the S6 generation. The grain yield potential of test crosses with Mo 17 inbred tester, as well as ear length, number of grain rows per ear and 1,000-grain mass of lines per-se were tested. Among the new inbred lines related to B73, line 260277/2 distinguished itself by a high potential for grain yield when crossed with Mo 17. Inbred lines 260465/1, 260362/1, 260747/4, 260357/13, 260151/2 and 260156/2 had a significantly longer ear than the mean value of all progenies. Compared with progeny mean, lines 260341/7, 260317/4, 260277/2 and 260187/2 had significantly more grain rows per ear, while 260362/1, 260130/5, 260277/2, 260151/2 and 260187/2 had a significantly larger 1,000-grain mass.

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

scholarly journals Stability Assessment of Single-Cross Maize Hybrids Using GGE-Biplot Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
L. Musundire ◽  
J. Derera ◽  
S. Dari ◽  
A. Lagat ◽  
P. Tongoona
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
South African ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Ideal Genotype ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Grain yield potential of new maize hybrid varieties across target environments contributes to the uptake of these varieties by farmers. Evaluation of single-cross hybrids developed from test crossing introgressed inbred lines bred for three distinct environments to elite tropical inbred line testers was carried out. The study&rsquo;s objective was to assess grain yield stability and genotype adaptability of the single-cross hybrids across South African environments relative to adapted commercial hybrid checks. One hundred and twenty-two introgressed inbred lines developed using the pedigree breeding program were crossed to four tropical elite inbred line testers using line &times; tester mating design to obtain 488 experimental single cross hybrids. Subject to availability of adequate seed for evaluation, a panel of 444 experimental single-cross hybrids was evaluated using an augmented design in two experiments defined as Population A and B for the study&rsquo;s convenience in South African environments. Data for grain yield (t/ha) performance for experimental single-cross hybrids and commercial check hybrids in Population A and B across environments and individual environments identified experimental single-cross hybrids that had significant comparable grain yield (t/ha) performance relative to best commercial check hybrid (PAN6Q445B) on the market. The selected experimental single-cross hybrids 225, 89, 246 and 43 (Population A) and 112 (Population B) also had a better average rank position for grain yield (t/ha) relative to best commercial check hybrid. These selected experimental single-cross hybrids had a grain yield (t/ha) advantage range of 0.9-6.7% for Population A and 7.3% for Population A and B, respectively, relative to the adapted commercial check hybrid. GGE biplot patterns for which won-where for Population A indicated that at Potchefstroom Research Station and Ukulinga Research Station experimental single-cross hybrids 127 and135 were the vertex (winning) hybrids. Cedera Research Station did not have a vertex hybrid for Population A. For Population B, experimental single-cross hybrids 112, 117 and 18 were the vertex hybrids at Cedera Research Station, Ukulinga Research Station and Potchefstroom Research Station, respectively. Experimental single-cross hybrid 257 was identified as ideal genotype for Population A, while experimental single-cross hybrid 121 in Population B was the ideal genotype. Ideal environments were also identified as Ukulinga Research Station for Population A, and Cedera Research Station for Population B. Average-environment coordination (AEC) view of the GGE biplot in Population A indicated that experimental single-cross hybrids 1 was highly stable across environments. In comparison, Population B experimental single-cross hybrid 161 was highly stable across environments. In conclusion, selected single-cross hybrids in the current study can also be advanced for further evaluation with a possibility for identifying high yielding and stable single-cross hybrids for variety registration and release in target environments in South Africa.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield-Based Low Nitrogen Tolerance Indices for Screening Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Zhao ◽  
Kunhui He ◽  
Zhiqian Feng ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Liguo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Low Nitrogen Tolerance ◽  
Low Nitrogen

To screen the desired criterion to identify desirable genotypes and select genotypes best suited to limited nitrogen availability in order to facilitate the practice of low-nitrogen-tolerant breeding in maize, the response of 31 maize inbred lines, containing four control inbred lines (PH6WC, PH4CV, Zheng58, and Chang7-2) and others selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B heterotic groups cultivated at Northwest A&F University (Yangling, Shaanxi, China), were evaluated. The experiment was conducted following a split plot design with two replications during three growing seasons (2015, 2016, and 2017) under both high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions at the Yulin and Yangling in Shaanxi Province, China. Seven screening indices, based on grain yield under two contrasting nitrogen (N) conditions, the stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HM), and low nitrogen tolerance index (LNTI), were computed to assess the overall index that accurately screened the desirable genotypes. The results of the correlation analyses and principal component analysis showed that MP, GMP, HM and STI were correlated with grain yield significantly and positively under contrasting N conditions, and were able to accurately discriminate the desirable genotypes. Compared with the control inbred lines, many inbred lines selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups showed a higher LN tolerance. This shows that we can effectively improve the LN tolerance of maize inbred lines through LN screening. Based on the screening indices, the three-dimensional diagram and genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplots are agreed with this results, and we identified KA105, KB081, KA225, 91227, and 2013KB-47 as the desired genotypes that have the potential to be used to breed a high yield and stable hybrid.

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