scholarly journals Contribución de Pheidole fallax y Ectatomma ruidum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en la dispersión y germinación de semillas en áreas rehabilitadas de la mina de carbón del Cerrejón, Colombia

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bleydis Paola Gutierrez Rapalino ◽  
Yamileth Del Carmen Domínguez Haydar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ectatomma Ruidum ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
And Control ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Control Samples

Seed dispersal is a key process in the re-establishment of vegetation on reclaimed lands. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of the ant species Ectatomma ruidum and Pheidole fallax to seed dispersal and germination on reclaimed lands in the Cerrejón coal mine, Colombia. Four 6 x 40 m plots were installed in each area, in which the number of nests by species was counted and distances between closest nests of each species were measured. Five of the nests counted were chosen for seed extraction, and a nearby control sample was taken from each nest. In total, 295 nests were counted: 59 nests during the dry season and 236 nests during the rainy season, of which 84 belonged to P. fallax and 211 belonged to E. ruidum. A total of 21 304 seeds were found in nests and control samples, of which 19 349 were obtained from P. fallax nest refuse, and 318 were obtained from E. ruidum nests; 597 seeds were found in control samples. The number of seeds extracted from nests was significantly higher than the number of seeds removed from control samples. There was a significant difference between the number of seeds removed by P. fallax and the number of seeds removed by E. ruidum. The seed germination percentage from nests was higher than the percentage from seeds in control samples. In the case of P. fallax, the germination percentage was lower in control samples and higher in nests and refuse. The results suggest that the ant species E. ruidum and P. fallax may contribute to seed dispersal and re-establishment of vegetation in areas where they were found. These ants may thus significantly contribute to restoration processes in areas degraded by mining.

scholarly journals Embryo Development, Seed Germination, and the Kind of Dormancy of Ginkgo biloba L.

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Feng ◽  
Yongbao Shen ◽  
Fenghou Shi ◽  
Chengzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Morphological Dormancy

The embryos of Ginkgo biloba L. are generally reported to undergo after-ripening and be underdeveloped at the time of dispersal, which suggests that the seeds have morphological dormancy (MD) or morphological physiological dormancy (MPD). The aim of this work is to determine whether embryos of a G. biloba population are well-developed at the time of seed dispersal, and whether the seeds are dormant or not. From 8 September, which was the 140th day after flowering (140 DAF), seeds were collected separately from trees (T) and the ground (G) every 10 days until 7 December (230 DAF), resulting in a total of 10 samples. The changes in vertical diameter, transverse diameter, fresh weight, water content, and embryo length during seed development were measured. Simultaneously, the effects of different temperatures (15, 25, 30, and 35 °C) on seed germination, dormancy, and germination characteristics of G. biloba seeds were studied. Results showed that the embryos of G. biloba seeds were well developed and had no morphological dormancy. On 18 September (150 DAF), embryos were visible with a length of 2.5 mm. On 7 December (230 DAF), at the time of seed dispersal, their length was 17.1 mm. The germination percentage of the isolated embryos and seeds increased as the delay in seed collection increased, but there was no significant difference between T and G (p > 0.05). On 7 December (230 DAF), the germination of the isolated embryos reached 98%, indicating that the embryos were nondormant. Without pretreatment, seed germination was 82.57% within four weeks at 25 °C. Furthermore, the germination test at different temperatures showed the highest germination percentage at 30 °C (84.82%). Obviously, the G. biloba seeds were nondormant. The mean germination time (MGT) of the seeds at 30 and 35 °C was significantly lower than that of the seeds at 15 and 25 °C, and the speed of germination (SG) was significantly higher than that of the seeds at 15 and 25 °C. Although there was no significant difference in the seed-germination percentage between 30 and 35 °C, a portion of the seeds (9.5%) rotted at 35 °C. Therefore, 30 °C was the most favorable germination temperature for G. biloba seeds. This is the first study that reports G. biloba seeds with no dormancy.

THE APPLICATION OF PLASTIC CONTAINERS FOR PACKING AND PASTEURIZING MEAT OF THE BLUE CRAB (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS)1

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 218-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Flynn ◽  
M. C. Tatro
Keyword(s):  
Blue Crab ◽  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Flavor Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Product Protection ◽  
Crab Meat ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Control Samples

Summary Sixteen-ounce portions of regular grade crab meat were packed and pasteurized in hermetically sealed rigid polypropylene “Indeplas” 307 × 400 containers. Meat from the metal and plastic containers was evaluated periodically for six months. The plastic containers gave overall product protection equal to the metal cans. Some brittleness was experienced with the plastic containers when handled roughly at refrigerated temperatures. Appearance and flavor evaluation of experimental and control samples within each treatment resulted in no significant difference until approaching four months storage. At four months and thereafter, the meat from the plastic containers appeared whiter and imparted a sweeter, more natural flavor than the control samples packed in metal containers. A preference was observed for appearance and flavor of meat processed at 185 F over that processed at 190 F. Above 190 F the meat exhibited a greyish cast and a slightly cooked flavor. Texture evaluation data indicated no significant change throughout the storage testing. Bacteriological examination indicated that the contents in both containers should be processed 110 min at 185 F for adequate pasteurization. The metal containers, due to their increased diameter, exhibited a slightly slower come-up time.

Ribosomal Protein S24 Gene Is Mutated in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 181-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Gazda ◽  
Agnieszka Grabowska ◽  
Lilia Long ◽  
Elzbieta Latawiec ◽  
Hal Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Nonsense Mutation ◽  
Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Diamond Blackfan Anemia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital red cell aplasia with marked clinical heterogeneity, an increased risk of malignancy and mutations in ribosomal protein (RP) S19 in 25% of probands. To identify other gene(s) mutated in DBA and investigate their expression and function, we performed a genome-wide screen using a 10,000 single nucleotide polymorphism mapping set (Affymetrix) on a large family comprising 10 informative meioses. We found linkage of the DBA phenotype to regions on chromosome 8q, 10 and 6. The RP gene RPS24, is located in the linked region on chromosome 10; we sequenced exons, intron-exon boundaries and the promoter regions in this family, and found a nonsense mutation (316C>T) in exon 4 of RPS24 in five affected individuals, and a wild type sequence in five unaffected family members. This mutation causes the change of Gln106STOP and is predicted to result in formation of a truncated RPS24 protein. Subsequently, we sequenced DNA from 215 unrelated DBA probands, 30 with RPS19 mutations and 185 without. We found another nonsense mutation in exon 2 in a sporadic case, and a splice site deletion resulting in skipped exon 2 in another proband and in his father; over 200 control individuals did not have any of the above sequence changes, indicating that they are pathogenic mutations. To explore the normal role of RPS24 and consider how its dysfunction might result in DBA we performed real time RT-PCR (rt-PCR) and western blotting experiments on 20 normal human tissues and on lymphoblastoid cell lines from diseased and control individuals. Interestingly, rt-PCR of total human RPS24 and RPS19 mRNA revealed a tissue-specific variation in expression level. We found co-ordinate expression of both genes in the majority of studied tissues. Lymphoblastoid cell lines from both probands with nonsense mutations showed a reduced level of RPS24 mRNA, suggesting degradation of mutated transcripts due to nonsense mediated decay, while the RPS19 mRNA level in these patients was normal or elevated. Western blot experiments revealed a reduction of RPS24 protein in lymphoblastoid cell lines from all three mutated probands compared to control samples. Interestingly, co-ordinate expression of RPS24 and RPS19 protein was found in these patients as well as in other patients with RPS19 mutations or without any mutations, suggesting co-regulation of RP expression. To determine whether recruitment of mRNA to polysomes was impaired in DBA patients, we separated lymphoblast cell line lysates from nine diseased and four control individuals on sucrose gradients. We did not detect any significant difference in the RNA ratio of polysome-bound/free ribosomal subunits between diseased and control samples (p<0.3). It is likely that lymphoblasts, which are not defective in DBA, have sufficient ribosomes to mask an abnormality in translation. In summary, our results suggest that in addition to RPS24 and RPS19, which are mutated in ~ 27% of index cases, other DBA genes are also RP genes or genes involved in ribosome biogenesis or translation, and reinforce the notion that DBA is a ribosomal disease. This study opens new avenues for studying and understanding the pathogenesis of DBA.

scholarly journals Manufacturing and Shear Response Characterization of Carbon Nanofiber Modified CFRP Using the Out-of-Autoclave-Vacuum-Bag-Only Cure Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. McDonald ◽  
Landon F. Wallace ◽  
Gregory J. S. Hickman ◽  
Kuang-Ting Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Shear Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Out Of Autoclave ◽  
Control Samples

The interlaminar shear response is studied for carbon nanofiber (CNF) modified out-of-autoclave-vacuum-bag-only (OOA-VBO) carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). Commercial OOA-VBO prepregs were coated with a CNF modified epoxy solution and a control epoxy solution without CNF to make CNF modified samples and control samples, respectively. Tensile testingwas used to study the in-plane shear performance of [±45°]4scomposite laminates. Significant difference in failure modes between the control and CNF modified CFRPs was identified. The control samples experienced half-plane interlaminar delamination, whereas the CNF modified samples experienced a localized failure in the intralaminar region. Digital image correlation (DIC) surface strain results of the control sample showed no further surface strain increase along the delaminated section when the sample was further elongated prior to sample failure. On the other hand, the DIC results of the CNF modified sample showed that the surface strain increased relatively and uniformly across the CFRP as the sample was further elongated until sample failure. The failure mode evidence along with microscope pictures indicated that the CNF modification acted as a beneficial reinforcement inhibiting interlaminar delamination.

scholarly journals Seed germination analysis in germplasm of capsicum annum

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ray Rayiappan ◽  
Zulaikha Sarobo ◽  
Muhammad Arshad Javed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Germination Traits

Capsicum annum is commercially cultivated due to its nutritional and pharmaceutical values. It is particularly important in Malaysia due to its abundant use in daily life food. Although it is warm seasonal plant, its productivity is not high in tropical environment. High seed germination is the prerequisite for good seedling establishment. Present study is conducted to study the varietal response for germination traits in diverse capsicum germplasm.  Five germination traits were focused e.g.  Final germination percentage (FGP), speed of germination (SG), initiation of germination (IG), days to 50% germination (R50) and peak period of germination (GP). Seeds of each variety were kept in triplicate at room temperature using Yoshida medium coupled with photoperiod of 14 hours for two weeks. Mean values for FGP (81%), SG (rate=2), IG (9th day) and R50 (10th day) and GP (12th day) were observed in 93 varieties. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant difference for all germination traits, reflecting that present germplasm is diverse for germination traits. These findings would be useful to improve the germination traits in capsicum hybridization programs.

scholarly journals Effect of 1-MCP, ethylene absorber and ozone on melon quality during storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Lien Phuong Le Nguyen ◽  
Vivien Horváth ◽  
Mai Sao Dam ◽  
Géza Hitka ◽  
Tamás Zsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

This work was aimed to investigate the effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), ethylene absorber (EA), ozone alone or in combination on melon quality during storage. Ethylene production, respiration rates, acoustic firmness, surface color, chilling injury, and disease severity of melon were determined. 1-MCP treated fruits and non 1-MCP treated fruits were stored with sachets of ethylene absorber containing KMnO4 or ozone at 0.1 ppm/h during 10 days at 5 °C and subsequent 4 days at 20 °C. Melons treated with 1-MCP were firmer than the rest of the samples during storage. In addition, 1-MCP reduced the yellowing of melon rind compared to other treatments. The combination of 1-MCP and EA did not offer any additional effect in comparison with 1-MCP alone. There was no significant difference between fruits stored with ethylene absorber, ozone and control samples. Ozone treatment during cold storage decreased disease severity, however, fruits exposed to ozone had more serious decay throughout storage at 20 °C, probably due to the unclean air in the chamber.

scholarly journals Embryo Development of Cypripedium formosanum in Relation to Seed Germination In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-I Lee ◽  
Nean Lee ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Mei-Chu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Significant Difference

This investigation documents the key anatomical features in embryo development of Cypripedium formosanum Hayata, in association with the ability of embryos to germinate in vitro, and examines the effects of culture media and seed pretreatments on seed germination. A better understanding of zygotic embryogenesis for the Cypripedium L. species would provide insights into subsequent germination events and aid in the in vitro propagation of these endangered species. In seeds collected at 60 days after pollination (DAP), soon after fertilization, no germination was recorded. The best overall germination was found at 90 DAP (≈70%), at which time early globular to globular embryos with a single-celled suspensors can be observed. After 135 DAP, the seeds germinated poorly. At this time the inner integument shrinks and forms a tight layer, which encloses the embryo, the so-called “carapace.” Using Nile red stain, a cuticular substance was detected in the carapace, which may play a role in the impermeability of the mature seed and may help the seeds survive in the stringent environment. At maturity (after 210 DAP), the embryo proper has an average size of eight cells along its length and six cells across the width. Lipids and proteins are the main storage products within the embryo. To improve seed germination, experiments were conducted to test the suitability of various media and pretreatments of seeds. When different media were used, except for the Harvais medium at 120 DAP, there was no significant difference in seed germination at three different developmental stages tested. Soaking mature seeds in 1% NaOCl or treating them with ultrasound may slightly increase the germination percentage. For seed germination, our results indicate that the timing of seed collection outweighs the composition of medium and the seed pretreatments.

scholarly journals The Effects of Light Color on Seed Germination of Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Seem

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Sri Ulie Rahmawati ◽  
Arief Noor Rachmadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Light Color ◽  
And Control

<p class="Els-body-text"><em>Markhamia stipulata </em>(Wall.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) is one of collections in Bogor Botanical Garden that potential as a medicine. Information about germination of these species were not known yet. This research was aimed to examine the effect of light color on germination process of <em>Markhamia stipulata</em> (Wall.) Seem. The research method used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) that consist of three treatments (red light, far red light, dark) and one control (open air) with four replications for each group. Each group consist of 10 seeds. Precentage of seed germination; seedling height; cotyledon width; length, width and number of leaves were measured. The result showed that seed germination start at third day after sowing.  Germination rate and germination rate coefficcient showed there is no significant difference between all treatments even though far red light showed highest number (100 %; 0.755).  However, light color influence on seedling growth. Far red light showed affect on internodes distance. Dark light showed affect on leaves and cotyledon size. Red light and control showed similarity.</p><p> </p><div><p class="Els-keywords"><strong>Keywords:</strong> dark; far red light<em>, </em><em>Markhamia stipulata</em> (Wall.) Seem; red light; seed germination</p></div>

Filling gaps in the seed dispersal effectiveness model for Prosopis flexuosa: quality of seed treatment in the digestive tract of native animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Claudia M. Campos ◽  
Liliana Ramos ◽  
Noelia Manrique ◽  
Mónica I. Cona ◽  
Carmen Sartor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Dispersal Effectiveness ◽  
Rhea Americana ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Prosopis Flexuosa ◽  
Dispersal Effectiveness

AbstractFor endozoochorous species, the quality component of seed dispersal effectiveness depends in part on the treatment seeds receive in the animal's gut. Covering a variety of taxa, diet, digestion system and body size of Prosopis flexuosa seed dispersers, we analysed differences among species in (1) mean retention time of ingested seeds, (2) recovery of viable seeds, (3) seed germination in comparison with seeds collected from trees and (4) germination of seeds after two different periods of retention in the gut. Feeding experiments were conducted with captive individuals of Dolichotis patagonum, Lycalopex gymnocercus, Rhea americana, Chelonoidis chilensis and Lama guanicoe. On the first day, we provided them with fruits containing controlled amounts of seed, and on the subsequent days, we collected faeces in order to recover seeds. We performed germination and viability tests on seeds coming from faeces and collected from trees. The results showed differences among species in the mean retention time of seeds. Chelonoidis chilensis had the longest mean retention time, but its effect on seed recovery and germination was similar to that of the other species, except for L. guanicoe, which showed the lowest seed recovery. When scarification and promotion of seed germination were considered, herbivorous mammals and tortoises (L. guanicoe, D. patagonum and C. chilensis) were the ones increasing germinability, whereas R. americana and L. gymnocercus did not significantly increase final seed germination percentage, which was similar to that for seeds collected from trees. P. flexuosa seeds receive a variety of treatments from endozoochorous dispersers, which might result in an overall fitness benefit for a plant living in unpredictable environments.

Effect of dew-irrigation on seed germination in flax, fenugreek, and fennel

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Saiede Sargol Hosseini ◽  
Hassan Heidari ◽  
Mohammad Eghbal Ghobadi ◽  
Iraj Nosratti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Water Stage ◽  
And Control

Abstract Drought limits plants growth. In many parts of the world, crop productions depend on water availability. Seed germination is a sensitive and low water stage in plants. A pot experiment was designed to test the effect of dew-irrigation on seed germination percentage of fennel, flax, and fenugreek. Irrigation treatments included dew-irrigation and control (non-irrigation). Results showed that dew-irrigation increased seed germination compared to control. Treatment of dew-irrigation had seed germination of 92.7%, 78.7% and 63.5% for flax, fenugreek, and fennel, respectively. But none of the seeds of control treatment germinated. Among plants studied, flax which is a cold season plant had the highest percentage of germination by dew-irrigation, and the plants that are the most heat-sensitive, such as fenugreek and fennel, had the lowest germination percentage. Results of this experiment determined that the moisture content in the air is capable to provide the necessary moisture for seed germination of the plants studied. In conclusion, dew-irrigation, due to supply low water, is better to be used at stages with lower water requirement such as germination. The ability of water supply by dew-irrigation at whole plant stage can be studied in the next experiments.

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