Insecticidal effect of the ethanol extract of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae)

Insecticides from plants have been studied as an alternative in agricultural production and in vector control of human diseases. The use of botanical insecticides may cause mortality in different stages, slow growth, infertile adults and decrease in viability of insect eggs. This study aimed to analyze the insecticidal potential of ethanol extract of Baccharis dracunculifolia DC, on Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Noctuidae) and Aedes aegypti L., 1762 (Culicidae). The botanical material was collected and prepared on February 8th, 2011 on the Fazenda Escola Três Barras (20°33’37.44043" S - 54°32'10.3824" W), Campo Grande, MS. The ethanol extract was prepared from dried leaves obtained of adult plants in a vegetative state at the Chemistry Laboratory of Anhanguera University-Uniderp. The experiments of biological activities were conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of the Catholic University Dom Bosco, in a controlled environment with an average temperature of 25 ºC and photoperiod 12 hr. Experiments with S. frugiperda were conducted from August to October 2014. The collection of A. aegypti eggs was made in January 2014 and the treatments were done from March 10th to 17th, 2014. In the development of S. frugiperda the extract caused effect on caterpillars subjected to treatment at one and 10 days. The larval stage proved to be longer at both ages and pupal weight reduced at 10 days, as well as increased mortality at one day, when incorporated concentration 0.2 % into diet. The variables studied were mortality, larval duration, pupal weight, number and viability of the eggs. The bioassay used A. aedes 3º (third) instar, 25 (twenty five) larvae per concentration, at four replicates. Parameters analysed for sublethal doses were pupal and larval, mortality, length larval and young (larva + pupa) the ethanol extract at concentrations 0.5 mg.mL-1 and 0.25 mg.mL-1. The extract resulted in deleterious effect on the development of caterpillars undergoing treatment in larvae of one and 10 days of age, the larval stage stretching, lower pupal weight in caterpillars 10 days and higher mortality in the group with one day of life. It did not interfere with the viability of eggs. In the life cycle of A. aegypti, the extract of B. dracuncufolia at the studied concentrations caused delay in the development of larval and pupal stages, and inhibited the emergence of adults in 85 % and 70 %. In laboratory conditions it can be said that the ethanol extract of B. dracunculifolia has a potential insecticide effect for both species of insects.

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Biological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungal isolates on certain aspects of the spiny bollworms Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0192-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eman Mohammed Abd-ElAzeem ◽

Warda Ahmed Zaki El-Medany ◽

Hend Mohammed Sabry

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Earias Insulana ◽

Dead Larva ◽

Fungal Isolates ◽

Protease Enzyme ◽

Newly Hatched Larvae ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractBiological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungi isolated from dead larva of the spiny bollworms (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), against the newly hatched larvae of the pest were carried out. Results showed that the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Acremonium sp., and Paecilomyces variotii had affected the newly hatched larvae of (SBW). Acremonium sp. was the most potent one as it had the highest newly hatched larval mortality percentage (65 and 58.33%) for its spore suspension and metabolites, respectively, while the lowest one (41%) was for P. variotii metabolites. Also, spore suspensions of the all fungal isolates had the highest larval mortality than fungal metabolites. Studying the enzymatic activity showed that Acremonium sp. produced protease enzyme on media containing gelatin, which caused the highest larval mortality (72.22%).These isolates showed different effects on all stages of the pest and decreased pupal weight, adult emergence percentages, deposited eggs, and hatchability percentages than the control. Identification of Acremonium sp. EZ1 was confirmed using 18 s rRNA and its accession number MN25101.

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Insecticidal Effect of Ethnobotanical Plant Extracts Against Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Under Laboratory Condition

10.21203/rs.3.rs-817855/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Desta Ejeta Fereda ◽

Ansha Asme ◽

Animut Asefa

Keyword(s):

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Anopheles Arabiensis ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Insecticidal Effect

Abstract Background: The emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria vectors to chemical insecticides are becoming major problem for malaria vector management. Natural plant products play a vital role to resolve the current challenge of malaria control.Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in Northwestern Ethiopia.Methods: Primarily, ethnobotanical plants used for Anopheles mosquito control was surveyed in Dangur district, Northwestern Ethiopia. Insecticide susceptible strains of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito were reared in insectary of tropical and infectious diseases research center, Assosa university. The larvicidal and adulticidal potentials of frequently used plant extracts against susceptible strains of laboratory colony were evaluated.Result: A total of fifteen plants were identified as ethnobotanical plants helping the local people for mosquito control. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum lamiifolium, Ocimum americanum, Moringa olifiera leaf, and Moringa olifiera seed species of local plants were found to be frequently used to kill and/or repel mosquitoes in the study district. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activity against 4th instar larvae of An. arabiensis and only ethanol and methanol extract of A. indica and O. lamiifolium were found to have potential adulticidal effect against adult of An. arabiensis. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol extract of A. indica with 95% larval mortality and lowest LC50 of 40.73 ppm and LC90 of 186.66 ppm. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extract of A. indica with 75% adult mortality at 300 ppm and lowest LC50 of 106.65ppm and LC90 of 1293ppm. The lowest larvicidal and adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extracts of O. lamiifolium with 63.35% larval mortality and leaf extract of M. olifiera with 50% adult mortality at 300 ppm, respectively.Conclusion: ethanol extract of A. indica exerted a remarkable larvicidal effect against An. arabiensis and thus it can be used for botanical mosquito insecticide development.

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Insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against Anopheles arabiensis under laboratory conditions

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-021-04004-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Desta Ejeta ◽

Ansha Asme ◽

Animut Asefa

Keyword(s):

Malaria Vector ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Anopheles Arabiensis ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Insecticidal Effect

Abstract Background The emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria vectors to chemical insecticides are becoming major problems for malaria vector management. Natural plant products have a vital role to play in the current challenge of malaria control. The current study was conducted to evaluate insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in northwestern Ethiopia. Methods Primarily, ethnobotanical plants used for Anopheles mosquito control were surveyed in Dangur district, northwestern Ethiopia. Insecticide-susceptible strains of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito were reared in the insectary of the Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Assosa University. After surveying plants used for mosquito control in local people, four frequently used plants were identified for extraction. The larvicidal and adulticidal potential of frequently used plant extracts against susceptible strains of the laboratory colony were evaluated. Results A total of 15 plants were identified as ethnobotanical plants that help local people with mosquito control. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum lamiifolium, Ocimum americanum, Moringa olifeira leaf, and Moringa olifeira seed species of local plants were found to be frequently used to kill and/or repel mosquitoes in the study district. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of An. arabiensis and only ethanol and methanol extract of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum lamiifolium were found to have potential adulticidal effect against adult of An. arabiensis. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica with 95% larval mortality and lowest Lethal Concentration 50 (LC 50) of 40.73parts per million (ppm) and LC90 of 186.66 ppm. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extract of Azadirachta indica with 75% adult mortality at 300 ppm and lowest LC50 of 106.65 ppm and LC90 of 1,293 ppm. The lowest larvicidal and adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extracts of Ocimum lamiifolium with 63.35% larval mortality and leaf extract of Moringa olifeira with 50% adult mortality at 300 ppm, respectively. Conclusion Ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica exerted a remarkable larvicidal effect against An. arabiensis and thus it can be used for botanical mosquito insecticide development. Since the current finding is based on susceptible strain of An. arabiensis, further work on wild mosquitoes is recommended.

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FIRST RECORD OF Xanthopastis timais IN AMARYLLIS AND EFFECT OF SOURSOP EXTRACT ON LARVAL MORTALITY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n217rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 420-426

Author(s):

LÍGIA BROGLIO MICHELETTI ◽

SÔNIA MARIA FORTI BROGLIO ◽

EURICO EDUARDO PINTO DE LEMOS ◽

ROSEANE CRISTINA PREDES TRINDADE ◽

ELLEN CARINE NEVES VALENTE

Keyword(s):

Larval Stage ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

First Record ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Laboratory Bioassay ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

First Time ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of Xanthopastis timais (Cramer, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum Hort., Amaryllidaceae), as well as estimating lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC99) of soursop seed extract, Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), against its larvae. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology of the Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, in Rio Largo-AL, Brazil. First, we collected caterpillars from amaryllis plants that were reared until pupal and adult stages (parental generation). Next, part of the adults was used for species identification, and the rest were bred to produce next generation (F1), being after that applied in a laboratory bioassay. The lab trial was performed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and five replications containing three second-instar caterpillars. These larvae were fed pieces of amaryllis leaf (4 x 4 cm), which were previously soaked in treatments for 30 seconds and, air -dried on absorbent papers for one hour. Each treatment consisted of one concentration of ethanol extract of soursop seeds (0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625% w/ v) with distilled water and DMSO at 1% (v/ v), for solutions. We noted that the lethal concentrations LC50 and LC99 were 0.29% (w/ v) and 2.27% (w/ v), respectively. In view of our results, we can state that larval stage of X. timais were influenced by extract application in terms of survival, mortality, larvae weight and larval stage length. Besides of that, it was the first time this species was recorded in Alagoas state.

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Insecticidal Effect of Ethnobotanical Plant Extracts Against Anopheles Arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) Under Laboratory Condition

10.21203/rs.3.rs-817855/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Desta Ejeta Fereda ◽

Ansha Asme ◽

Animut Asefa

Keyword(s):

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Malaria Vector ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Anopheles Arabiensis ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Adult Mortality ◽

Insecticidal Effect

Abstract BackgroundThe emergence and spread of resistant strains of malaria vectors to chemical insecticides are becoming major problem for malaria vector management. Natural plant products play a vital role to resolve the current challenge of malaria control. ObjectiveThe current study was conducted to evaluate insecticidal effect of ethnobotanical plant extracts against the primary malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis in Northwestern Ethiopia. MethodsPrimarily, ethnobotanical plants used for Anopheles mosquito control was surveyed in Dangur district, Northwestern Ethiopia. Insecticide susceptible strains of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito were reared in insectary of tropical and infectious diseases research center, Assosa university. The larvicidal and adulticidal potentials of frequently used plant extracts against susceptible strains of laboratory colony were evaluated. ResultA total of fifteen plants were identified as ethnobotanical plants helping the local people for mosquito control. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum lamiifolium, Ocimum americanum, Moringa olifiera leaf, and Moringa olifiera seed species of local plants were found to be frequently used to kill and/or repel mosquitoes in the study district. All the plant extracts were found to have potential larvicidal activity against 4th instar larvae of An. arabiensis and only ethanol and methanol extract of A. indica and O. lamiifolium were found to have potential adulticidal effect against adult of An. arabiensis. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in ethanol extract of A. indica with 95% larval mortality and lowest LC50 of 40.73 ppm and LC90 of 186.66 ppm. The highest adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extract of A. indica with 75% adult mortality at 300 ppm and lowest LC50 of 106.65ppm and LC90 of 1293ppm. The lowest larvicidal and adulticidal activity was observed in methanol extracts of O. lamiifolium with 63.35% larval mortality and leaf extract of M. olifiera with 50% adult mortality at 300 ppm, respectively. Conclusionethanol extract of A. indica exerted a remarkable larvicidal effect against An. arabiensis and thus it can be used for botanical mosquito insecticide development.

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Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa blimbi L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v6i1.2609 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Irma Zarwinda ◽

Fauziah Fauziah ◽

Shara Shevalinda ◽

Dwi Putri Rejeki

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Research Method ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Chemistry Laboratory ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Training And Education

Startfruit (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is one the kind of plant that is widely used as a traditional herbal medicineto overcome various diseases i.e. diabetes mellitus, cough, rheumatism, thrush, diabetes, toothache, acne, etc. The secondary metabolites of the starfruit leaves contain flavonoids and tannins, whereby these activecompounds can be used as an antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the inhibiting power of starfruit leaf ethanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The research was conducted at the AKAFARMA Laboratory and the Chemistry Laboratory , Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Syiah Kuala University from June to July 2020. The research method was laboratory experimental using the disk diffusion method. The population of starfruit leaves was obtained from Lhokseumawe using a purposive sampling technique. Ethanol extract of starfruit leaves with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the ethanol extract from the starfruit leaves at concentrations of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% were 15 mm, 12 mm, 11 mm and 10 mm, respectively. It can be concluded that ethanol extract of starfruit leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis with a maximum inhibitory concentration of 100%, which is classified as a strong category.

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Potensi Ekstrak Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) sebagai Insektisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.)

Agrotekma Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.31289/agr.v4i1.2806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Kartina Kartina ◽

Shulkipli Shulkipli ◽

Mardhiana Mardhiana ◽

Saat Egra

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Botanical Insecticides ◽

Botanical Insecticide ◽

Melastoma Malabathricum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

<h1>Spodoptera litura F. is one of the important pests in Horticulture commodities which can cause damage 80% and up to 100%. Karamunting (Melastome malabathricum) is a wild plant that grows in Tarakan City. This plant is known to contain secondary metabolites which are thought to have the potential to control pests. This study aims to determine the potential of Karamunting extract as a botanical insecticide material to control armyworms. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 1 treatment factor, namely the concentration of Karamunting leaf extract. Potential extracts as botanical insecticides were tested by dye method using 4 concentrations, namely 0 (control); 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; and 8000 ppm. The results showed that Karamunting leaf extract was able to control armyworm pests. Giving extracts of 8000 ppm (P5) in feed caused the highest decrease in eating activity up to 41,2%, larval mortality up to 85%, and the highest mortality rate after 7 days of observation. Decreased feeding activity and larval mortality were thought to be influenced by the presence of phenol compounds, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols and alkaloids identified in the extract. Thus, Karamunting leaf extract has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in botanical insecticides to control armyworm.<strong></strong></h1>

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INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR NITROGEN LEVELS ON SURVIVAL, DEVELOPMENT, AND REPRODUCTION OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent11723-1 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. Wayne Brewer ◽

John L. Capinera ◽

Robert E. Deshon ◽

Mary L. Walmsley

Keyword(s):

Larval Mortality ◽

Spruce Budworm ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Pupal Weight ◽

Western Spruce Budworm ◽

Foliar Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

White Fir

AbstractThe influence of nitrogen levels in foliage of white-fir, Abies concolor, and Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, seedlings on various biological characteristics of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, was studied. Seedlings were grown under greenhouse conditions and provided with nutrient solutions to maintain five foliar nitrogen levels ranging from 1.29 to 4.42% dry weight for white fir and 1.43 to 3.94% for Douglas fir. Larvae confined to treated seedlings were monitored through the next generation. Larval mortality was higher, and development time longer, at both upper and lower extremes of foliar nitrogen than at mid-level. Mean pupal weight was significantly greater for larvae reared on white fir with the mid-range foliar-nitrogen level. Mean number, and weight, of eggs laid were highest when larvae fed on foliage from the mid-range nitrogen level. Total number of larvae produced was lowest at the high and low extremes of foliar nitrogen levels.

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Haematoxylon campechianum Extract Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Inhibition of NF-κB/TNF-α/NOX/iNOS Signalling Pathway in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10030386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 386 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mansour Sobeh ◽

Mona F. Mahmoud ◽

Samar Rezq ◽

Mohamed A.O. Abdelfattah ◽

Islam Mostafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuropathic Pain ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Rat Model ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Chronic Constriction Injury ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In this study, the phytochemical composition and the possible prophylactic effects of an aqueous ethanol extract of Haematoxylon campechianum flowers (HCF) on peripheral neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model are investigated. Rats with induced CCI were subjected to neuropathic pain behaviour tests and evaluated by chemical, thermal, and mechanical sensation tests and functional recovery of the brain stem and sciatic nerve at 7- and 14-day intervals. The effect of the extract on acute pain and inflammation is also investigated. The extract exerted both peripheral and central analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to antipyretic effects that are clear from targeting COX, LOX and PGE. It was found that CCI produced significant thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and deleterious structural changes in both sciatic nerve and brain stem. Treatments with HCF extract significantly improved cold and thermal withdrawal latency, mechanical sensibility and ameliorated deleterious changes of sciatic nerve and brain stem at different dose levels. The extract also ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in brain stem and sciatic nerve. It suppressed the apoptotic marker, p53, and restored myelin sheath integrity. The effects of HCF extract were more potent than pregabalin. Fifteen secondary metabolites, mainly gallotannins and flavonoids, were characterized in the extract based on their retention times and MS/MS data. The identified phenolic constituents from the extract could be promising candidates to treat neuropathic pain due to their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.

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Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of an Ethanol Extract from Bouea macrophylla

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25081996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ngoc Hong Nguyen ◽

Thuy Trang Nguyen ◽

Phu Cuong Ma ◽

Qui Thanh Hoai Ta ◽

Thuc-Huy Duong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Hct116 Cells

Bouea macrophylla is a tree widely grown throughout South East Asia. It is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various illnesses. The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to test the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of an ethanol extract from B. macrophylla leaves. The extract exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against 9 out of 10 target microorganisms. including four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholera, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and four Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus), as well as a fungus (Candida albicans). In addition, the extract was also tested on HeLa and human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cells to evaluate its cytostatic effects. The ethanol extract was able to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa and HCT116 cells, showing IC50 = 24 ± 0.8 and 28 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50 values of doxorubicin (standard) were 13.6 ± 1.3 and 15.8 ± 1.1 µg/mL respectively. Also, we identified various bioactive compounds in the extract such as polyphenols, flavonoids, caryophyllene, phytol, and trans-geranylgeraniol by GC-MS, which could contribute to the extract’s biological activities. Therefore, our findings strongly indicate that the constituents of the B. macrophylla ethanol extract could be active against the tested bacteria and fungi as well as cancer cells. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms mediating the antimicrobial and anticancer effects and identify signaling pathways that could be targeted for therapeutic application.

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