scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY OF GRAPEVINE PRODUCTION THROUGH MORE EFFICIENT SYSTEMS OF SOIL MAINTENANCE AND AGRO-BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin DOBREI ◽  
Alina Georgeta DOBREI ◽  
Eleonora NISTOR ◽  
Sorin STANCIU ◽  
Mihaela MOATĂR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Vineyard Floor Management ◽  
Grape Yield

Tillage practices in viticulture are very important, with major effects on quantitative and qualitative production, on vines phenology and stages of growth. In this study the aim was to identify the most appropriate vineyard floor management, located on flat land or mild slopes, with medium or high soils fertility. The research was carried out during 2011–2013 in the vineyard of the BUASVM Didactic Station from Timisoara and focusing exclusively on several variants of soil maintenance in order to replace the need for manual labor. Leaf area was estimated by concentric circles method and sugar concentration was evaluated by refractometry. Total acidity in must and wine was determined by titration. Grape yield was estimated by bunches counting and weighing, for each variety and productive potential (kg ha-1) was appreciated by multiplying the average yield per vine with the number of vines per hectare. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Performance of Burgundy variety for superior red wines group and Silvania table grape variety – with a medium ripening, were analyzed in the experiment. For both Burgundy and Silvania varieties the sixth variant (V6–bare soil by tillage middles row (tractor and rotary hoe)/rotary hoe undervine (tractor and adjustable offset rotary tiller) registered the highest grape yield during the research. The lowest grape yield fulfils to the seventh variant of vineyard floor management. Burgundy variety had the average must sugar content of 195 ± 4.27 g l-1 and that of the leaf area of 7.09 ± 0.58 m2 while in Silvania variety the average of grape must acidity was 4.66 ± 0.35 g l-1 H2SO4 and the leaf area of 7.42 ± 0.51 m2/vine. Between must sugar content and leaf area, in Burgundy and Silvania variety has been established a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.94 ***) and (r = 0.88 **; p <0.001) respectively, variables being virtually indistinguishable.

scholarly journals Tillage Practices in the Context of Climate Change and a Sustainable Viticulture

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
Alina DOBREI ◽  
Eleonora NISTOR ◽  
Florin SALA ◽  
Alin DOBREI
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Soil Fertility Improvement ◽  
Suitable System

The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate options for maintenance of soil in vineyards located on flat land or mild slopes, and soils with a medium or high fertility. Tillage in the vineyard is carried out to preserve the soil loosening, for maintaining the humus and nutrients in soil, for activation of chemical and biological processes and last but not the least to maintain weed control. Choosing the most suitable system of vineyards floor management (middle rows, undervine, around vineyard) is a major problem which depends on preserving or enhancing soil fertility, improvement or worsening the soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics, ensuring water from soil and weed control. The experimental variants consisted of different practices of soil tillage, as follows: V1-bare row middles and grass strips/bare soil under vine; V2-bare soil/herbicides treatment under vine; V3-bare row middles/bare soil under vine; V4-bare row middles with ripped soil/bare soil under vine; V5- raw middles and grass strips/manual hoeing under vine; V6-bare row middles/rotary hoe under vine; V7-raw middles and grass strips/herbicides treatment under vine. Observations were made on ‘Burgund’ cultivar regarding buds viability, grape production, yield quality and sugar content. The highest yield per hectare was achieved in the soil with bare raw middles prepared with rotary hoe under vine (V6). On soils with moisture deficiency and a high content of clay, vineyards floor management is recommended to be maintained both under vine and on raw middles, as well with the adjustable rotary tiller.

scholarly journals Tillage systems and nitrogen timings effect on growth, stay green and grain quality in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3007
Author(s):  
Allah Wasaya ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javed ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Mouldboard Plough

Nitrogen (N), being mobile in soil is exposed to various losses owing to unwise use of nitrogen fertilizer, and conventional soil and crop management practices which can be minimized by temporal nitrogen application and different tillage practices. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of different tillage systems and nitrogen timings on growth, stay green and grain quality in maize. Three tillage systems viz. T1: tillage with cultivator, T2: mouldboard plough + 2-cultivations, T3: chisel plough + 2-cultivations; and five nitrogen timings viz. N1: whole at sowing, N2: ½ at sowing+½ at V5 (5-leaf stage), N3: ½ at sowing+½ at tasseling, N4: ½ at V5+½ at tasseling, N5: 1/3 at sowing+1/3 at V5+1/3 at tasseling). Tillage systems and nitrogen application had significant effect on leaf area per plant, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. Tillage systems had non-significant effect on stay green and grain quality parameters except for oil contents. However, nitrogen timings had significant effect on chlorophyll a, b and total contents as well as grain quality parameters. The higher a, b and total chlorophyll contents were noted with three splits i.e. 1/3 at sowing+1/3 at V5+1/3 at tasseling compared with other treatments. The results suggest to grow maize by preparing the field through chisel plough and applying N in three splits to improve its growth, chlorophyll contents and grain quality.

Evaluation of the productivity of the hybrid vine Seyval blanc in function of several types of protection against frost in Quebec

OENO One ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
T. Telebak ◽  
Yvon Jolivet ◽  
Jean-Marie Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Natural Snow

<p style="text-align: justify;">In Quebec, winter frost is one of the determining factors influencing vine survival and yield. To evaluate the quality of the different types of winter protection, ground temperature data under different covers (ground knolls, leaf mounds, carried over snow and natural snow) and ambient air temperatures were recorded. Results show that the Seyval blanc, if not protected against winter frost, can sustain quite serious damages when the air temperature reaches -30 °C. Ridging, leaf covering and the natural snow cover as well as carried over snow have a positive effect on ground temperatures, since over the site without protection, frost penetrated down to a depth of 50 cm. However, it seems that the root System did not sustain significant damages from the ground frost since regrowth occurred in the Spring. Because of its direct exposure to radiation and surface climatic conditions, bare soil warms up more quickly in the Spring compared to the other sites benefiting from protection. Results also indicate that the mortality rate of the vine stock fruit buds without protection is nearly 100 % compared to the protected vine stocks with a fruit bud mortality rate varying from 22.5 to 35.8 %. The protected vine stocks, regardless of the type of protection used, had satislactory yields from 7.2 t/ha to 24.4 t/ha. On the other hand, the raisin yield of the vine stocks without any winter protection is null. The best raisin yields were obtained over sites where vine stocks were protected by ridging (40 cm of earth), while the vine stocks protected by leaf covering showed an average yield. We also observed that when vine stock leaf covering is coupled with lodged vine shoots, raisin yields are higher than when the vine shoots are erect. However, in both cases, potential yield per hectare is satisfactory. Hence, the lodging of vine shoots becomes a useless operation. The vine stocks protected by natural snow as well as by leaf covering (30 cm + carried over snow and lodged vine shoots) gave the fruit with the highest sugar content. Snow is also an excellent insulator because a 37 cm high snow cover permitted the survival of the vine stocks protected by snow even when the temperature reached -30 °C. The only problem still posing a threat is snow cover variability during the winter season. A reduced snow cover, coupled with temperature conditions under the threshold of tolerance of the vine to cold, could not insure satisfactory protection ol the fruit buds.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of vegetation structure on biomass accumulation in a Balanced Optimality Structure Vegetation Model (BOSVM v1.0)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4603-4663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yin ◽  
S. C. Dekker ◽  
B. J. J. M. van den Hurk ◽  
H. A. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Vegetation Structures

Abstract. A myriad of interactions exist between vegetation and local climate for arid and semi-arid regions. Vegetation function, structure and individual behavior have large impacts on carbon-water-energy balances, which consequently influence local climate variability that, in turn, feeds back to the vegetation. In this study, a conceptual vegetation structure scheme is formulated and tested in a new carbon-water-energy coupled model to explore the importance of vegetation structure and vegetation adaptation to water stress on equilibrium biomass states. Surface energy, water and carbon fluxes are simulated for a range of vegetation structures across a precipitation gradient in West Africa and optimal vegetation structures that maximizes biomass for each precipitation regime are determined. Two different strategies of vegetation adaptation to water stress are included. Under dry conditions vegetation tries to maximize the Water Use Efficiency and Leaf Area Index as it tries to maximize carbon gain. However, an important negative feedback mechanism is found as the vegetation also tries to minimize its cover to optimize the surrounding bare ground area from which water can be extracted, thereby forming patches of vertical vegetation. Under larger precipitation, a positive feedback mechanism is found in which vegetation tries to maximize its cover as it then can reduce water loss from bare soil while having maximum carbon gain due to a large Leaf Area Index. The competition between vegetation and bare soil determines a transition between a "survival" state to a "growing" state.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GROUND COVER, PLANTING METHOD AND IRRIGATION LEVELS ON CANTALOUPE PRODUCTION

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 488b-488
Author(s):  
Robert Stubblefield ◽  
Robert Wiedenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Appreciable Increase ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

A field study was conducted in south Texas in the spring 1990 to determine the effects of ground cover, planting method and drip irrigation rates on cantaloupe growth, yield and quality. Transplanting vs. direct seeding enhanced early vine growth with earlier yields, although direct seeding later caught up resulting in comparable final cumulative yields. Black polyethylene mulch also improved earliness but at the loser irrigation rate total yields were reduced due to deflection of rainfall by the mulch. Irrigation at .1, .3, .5, .7 and .9 times pan evaporation had little effect on final cumulative yields with exception to the .1 and .3 rates. Melon sugar content was highest for transplants with direct seeded melons becoming comparable only at mid to final harvest. The combined practices of transplanting and black polyethylene mulch resulted in a 14 day earliness advantage over the treatments that were direct seeded on bare soil although final yields were unaffected. No appreciable increase in soil salinity were found as a result of drip irrigation usage.

scholarly journals The effect of cluster thinning, cluster tipping, cluster shredding and defoliation at the flowering on the vegetative and generative vine performance from Kékfrankos Cv.

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fazekas ◽  
J. Göblyös ◽  
Gy. D. Bisztray ◽  
G. Zanathy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Cluster Shoots ◽  
Red Grape

The cluster thinning is a method of the yield regulation.With the removal one part of the clusters, the yield pro leaf area will be lower, hereby the grape and wine quality will be improved. The regulation of the yield can lead to further advantages: the ratio of the vegetative and generative performance of the vines will improve, the condition of the plants will better, the number of the physiological diseases can be reduced and the growth of the shoots and roots can be promoted. The grape growers make the cluster thinning almost exclusive by creating one cluster shoots. Usually the upper clusters are removed, because the sugar content of these second or third clusters will be lower. The cluster thinning is an easy task, can be done without special skills. It is an effective method improving wine quality, but its use can lead to other problems. The grapes try to compensate the removed clusters. Therefore the clusters will be bigger and thicker, but more sensitive to bunch rot. Moreover the treatment is expensive, because it needs manual work. It is worth to get acquainted and try the new yield regulation methods, which can help to avoid the occurring problems. Our aim is to show the results of our experiment, which was carried out in Eger, examining the red grape cultivar Kékfrankos. During our 4 years long experiment we compared the effects of cluster thinning, cluster shredding, cluster tipping and defoliation at the flowering, on the vegetative and generative vine performance.

scholarly journals 331 Late Planting Reduces Annual Artichoke Productivity

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 500B-500
Author(s):  
D.T. Drost ◽  
N. Philips ◽  
N. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Black Plastic

Artichoke, a cool-season, frost-tolerant, but freeze-sensitive, crop, was investigated for annual production in Utah. The objectives were to assess the effects of alternative cropping methods on growth and productivity. Artichoke (`Imperial Star') was seeded in January or February and grown for 3 months before transplanting to the field. Plants were planted in bare soil, through plastic mulch or through plastic with floating rowcovers in April or May. Plant growth (leaf area), environmental conditions, and yield (number, weight, and quality) were monitored throughout the year. Planting date and mulching treatments had a significant effect on plant growth and productivity. Leaf area was greatest at all measurement dates as temperature adjacent to the plant increased (plastic with cover > plastic > bare soil). Early planting had greater yield than late planting regardless of mulching treatment. There was no difference in final yield between the plastic mulch and plastic plus cover at early plantings, although yields were higher than in bare soil. However, late planting through plastic with rowcovers significantly reduced bud yields compared to bare soil or black plastic only. While higher temperatures associated with plastic and rowcovers increased plant growth, increased temperatures under covers after the May planting date devernalized artichoke seedlings, which contributed to the lower yields late in the season.

scholarly journals Variability and heredity of some qualitative and quantitative grapevine characteristics

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-560
Author(s):  
Dragan Nikolic ◽  
Tijana Banjanin ◽  
Zorica Rankovic-Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Berry Skin ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Leaf Resistance ◽  
Grape Yield ◽  
F1 Generation

Variability and mode of heredity of some important qualitative and quantitative grapevine characteristics in 45 seedlings of F1 generation obtained from crossing combination Seedling 113 x Muscat Hamburg were investigated in this study. The seedlings of F1 generation for the investigated characteristics were arranged in certain number of categories by the OIV method. As variability indexes, standard deviation (S) and coefficient of variation (V) were used. Evaluation of the mode of heredity was done by ?2 test and t-test. Considering examined characteristics, the highest variability showed grape yield (V=58.9%), and the lowest sugar content in must (V=16.3%). Color of berry skin, cluster resistance to Botrytis cinerea and leaf resistance to Plasmopara viticola showed monogenic mode of heredity. Exception from the monogenic mode of heredity was determined for the flavor of berry. Grape yield, bunch weight and berry weight showed negative heterosis. For the sugar content in must, domination of the parent with low sugar content in must was determined.

IMPLANTATION SYSTEMS AND SURFACE IRRIGATION FOR MAIZE CROP IN LOWLAND AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
ELISA DE ALMEIDA GOLLO ◽  
ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA ◽  
MARCIA XAVIER PEITER ◽  
ENIO MARCHESAN ◽  
ROBSON GIACOMELI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Santa Maria

The raised seedbed implantation system and the use of surfaceirrigation can be important practices to enable rotation with rice and ensure theexpression of the productive potential of maize in lowland areas. The purpose ofthis work was to evaluate the use of implantation systems and surface irrigationon agronomic characteristics and grain yield of maize crop in lowland areas.Two experiments were conducted in the experimental lowland area of theFederal University of Santa Maria – UFSM, during the 2014/15 crop season.The experiments consisted in the use of implantation systems with and withoutraised seedbeds and surface irrigation. The evaluated characteristics were plantheight, shoot dry mass, leaf area index, yield components and grain yield. Plantheight, leaf area index and shoot dry mass are higher when maize is grown inraised seedbeds in lowland areas. The raised seedbed system can be consideredan efficient way to improve drainage in the cultivation area, resulting in a highergrain yield. The use of irrigation during periods of water deficit, in the criticalperiod of crop growth, increases the grain yield of maize grown in lowland areas.

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