scholarly journals STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE WORKING TIME OF COMBINE HARVESTER FOR HARVESTING OF WHEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Krasimir Trendafilov ◽  
Dragomir Dragoev
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Unloading Time ◽  
Productive Time

The harvesting is one of the most difficult and responsible operations in the crops growing. It should be done in the short term, in order to prevent losses of production. This requires efficient use of the operating time of the combine harvesters. A study of the working time of a combine harvester was carried out throughout the whole period of wheat harvesting. Unloading of the hopper is carried out when the combine harvester is stationary. It was found that the time to prepare and finish work was 24.754% of the total working time. It includes time for maintenance of the combine harvester, the time for coupling and uncoupling of the combine header, the time for transport of the combine harvester to and from the field, and the time for moving inside the field. It was found that the time of harvesting is 53,158% of the working time. Non-productive time in the field represents 22,088% of the total working time. It includes the time for the movement of combine harvester to the place of unloading and vice versa, the time for waiting before unloading, the unloading time, the time for making turns, the time for updating of the technological settings, the time for searching and troubleshooting. For unloading of grain tank is lost 14.842% of working time. On the basis of the study, an algorithm for the operation of a combine harvester was made when unloading in stationary.

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE WORKING TIME OF COMBINE HARVESTER FOR HARVESTING OF WHEAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 575-584
Author(s):  
Krasimir Trendafilov ◽  
Dragomir Dragoev
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Unloading Time ◽  
Productive Time

The harvesting is one of the most difficult and responsible operations in the crops growing. It should be done in the short term, in order to prevent losses of production. This requires efficient use of the operating time of the combine harvesters. A study of the working time of a combine harvester was carried out throughout the whole period of wheat harvesting. Unloading of the hopper is carried out when the combine harvester is stationary. It was found that the time to prepare and finish work was 24.754% of the total working time. It includes time for maintenance of the combine harvester, the time for coupling and uncoupling of the combine header, the time for transport of the combine harvester to and from the field, and the time for moving inside the field. It was found that the time of harvesting is 53,158% of the working time. Non-productive time in the field represents 22,088% of the total working time. It includes the time for the movement of combine harvester to the place of unloading and vice versa, the time for waiting before unloading, the unloading time, the time for making turns, the time for updating of the technological settings, the time for searching and troubleshooting. For unloading of grain tank is lost 14.842% of working time. On the basis of the study, an algorithm for the operation of a combine harvester was made when unloading in stationary.

scholarly journals Time Efficiency of Digitally and Conventionally Produced Single-Unit Restorations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Sofia Stromeyer ◽  
Daniel Wiedemeier ◽  
Albert Mehl ◽  
Andreas Ender
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Scan Design ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Dental Professional

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the time efficiency of digital chairside and labside workflows with a conventional workflow for single-unit restorations. The time efficiency in this specific sense was defined as the time, which has to be spent in a dental office by a dental professional performing the relevant steps. A model with interchangeable teeth on position 36 was created. These teeth were differently prepared, responding to several clinical situations to perform single-unit restorations. Different manufacturing techniques were used: For the digital workflows, CEREC Omnicam (CER) and Trios 3 (TN/TI) were used. The conventional workflow, using a dual-arch tray impression technique, served as the control group. For the labside workflow (_L) and the conventional impression procedure (CO), the time necessary for the impressions and temporary restorations was recorded and served as operating time. The chairside workflow time was divided by the time for the entire workflow (_C) including scan, design, milling and finishing the milled restoration, and in the actual working time (_CW) leaving out the chairside milling of the restoration. Labside workflow time ranged from 9 min 27 s (CER_L) to 12 min 41 s (TI_L). Entire chairside time ranged from 43 min 35 s (CER_C) to 58 min 43 s (TI_C). Pure chairside working time ranged from 15 min 21 s (CER_CW) to 23 min 17 s (TI_CW). Conventional workflow time was 10 min 39 s (CO) on average. The digital labside workflow and the conventional workflow require a similar amount of time. The digital chairside workflow is more time consuming.

Effect of Vibration on Rapeseed Header Loss and Optimization of Header Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247-1258
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Lizhang Xu ◽  
Zhipeng Gao ◽  
En Lu ◽  
Yaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
List Type ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

HighlightsThe relationship of vibration and header loss was studied by multi-point vibration measurement and loss collection test.There was an approximately linear positive correlation between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss.The header frame was analyzed and optimized through modal simulation and testing.The total rapeseed header loss of the improved header was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%.Abstract. In view of the current large rapeseed header losses of rape combine harvesters, the effects of the header on rapeseed header loss were studied from the perspective of vibration. First, the vibrations at various measuring points on the header during rape harvest were studied using a data acquisition and analysis system while performing collection tests of rapeseed header loss with the sample slot method. The relationships between total header vibration and total rapeseed header loss and between vertical cutter vibration and rapeseed vertical cutter loss were shown to have a positive correlation, and they all increased with the increase in engine speed. Vertical cutter loss accounted for 31.2% to 42.4% of the total rapeseed header loss. Modal analysis and optimization of the header frame were then performed by simulation and test. The natural frequencies of the first-order and second-order modes of the optimized header were increased, and the possibility of resonance with other working parts was eliminated. Finally, the improved header was tested during rape harvest. The results showed that the total vibration of the improved header was reduced by 19.9% to 43.9%, and the total rapeseed header loss was reduced by 33.2% to 46.9%. The vertical cutter vibration was reduced by 30.5% to 49.8%, and the rapeseed vertical cutter loss was reduced by 20.8% to 34.7%. In addition, the vibration and rapeseed loss of the improved header had relatively slow rates of increase with the increase in engine speed. The method of reducing rapeseed loss by reducing the header vibration achieved an obvious and positive effect. Keywords: Frame optimization, Modal analysis, Rape combine harvester, Rapeseed header loss, Vibration.

scholarly journals Methods of identifying grain production cost when threshing grain crops in view of the need in combine harvesters and combine operators

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Chepurin ◽  
A. P. Tsegelnik
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Combine Harvesters

The paper presents substantiation of the rational use of combine harvesters’nominal throughput when threshing grain crops with the yield ranging from 0.8 to 5.0 t/ha and over. The main factors that determine nominal throughput of combine harvesters and their operational indicators are identified. The structure andcontents of thetechnological passport of combine harvesters are substantiated, and the algorithm of effective determination of their key operational indicators, based on the passport, are developed. These indicators depend on harvesting technology, grain crop yield, the share of non-grain part in the threshed grain bulk, the coverage of swath headers and direct-cut headers, and the operating speed of combine harvesters. The definition of the term “technological passport of the combine harvester” is given. Maximum and minimum allowable grain crop yield is established for the rational load of combine harvesters threshing at the standard operating speed of7.5 km/hrecommended by the Ministry of Agriculture of theRussian Federation. The existing methods make it possible to determine the operational efficiency of high-performance machinery by operational costs. However, they do not take into account the shortage of human resources when determining production cost of the threshed grain. As a result of the research conducted, the algorithm and techniques of determination of actual grain cost when harvesting grain crops by direct combining and swath harvesting methods are developed taking into account the need in combines of an i-class and combine operators. Production cost of grain threshed on the area of1000 hectarescalculated by the techniques developed, allows to define the minimum estimated and actual grain cost for an i-class combine harvester by direct combining and swath harvesting methods.

scholarly journals Braking Efficiency and Stability of Chassis Braking System of Combine Harvester: The Theoretical Derivation and Virtual Prototype Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peilong Li ◽  
Hongmei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Prototype ◽  
Rear Wheel ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Directional Stability ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters

With the advancement of agricultural mechanization, the safety of agricultural vehicles has aroused extensive concern. However, conventional methods evaluate the performance of the combine harvesters in a laborious and inaccurate filed-test way. It is still a challenge to evaluate their performance in a theoretical derivation-based simulation way. Here, we accurately derive the braking model of the combine harvester, which provides a guidance for further braking simulation. Firstly, a four-wheel braking system was designed and theoretically checked. Secondly, the virtual prototype of the chassis braking system was established in ADAMS, in consideration of the complicated contact characteristics between the tire and the road and between the friction pad and the brake disk. Finally, simulation experiments of braking efficiency and directional stability were carried out under different braking conditions. By this means, we find a novel effective yet simple way to optimize the braking efficiency as well as the sufficient braking stability of combine harvesters. The results show that braking efficiency would be improved with stronger braking force, lower initial braking velocity, and lighter weight of the combine harvester. Compared with straight-line braking, steering braking shows lower braking efficiency and less inclination of rear wheel bounce under the same braking conditions. As for braking directional stability, the lateral slippage would be increased with the locking of rear wheels, higher driving speed, or lower road adhesion coefficient. In addition, the simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical results, proving the validity of the virtual prototype simulation. Overall, other than traditional filed-test methods, our method provides an effective yet simple way for designing and evaluating the chassis braking system of combine harvesters.

scholarly journals Impact of Having a Planned Additional Operation at Time of Liver Transplant on Graft and Patient Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Shirin Salimi ◽  
Keval Pandya ◽  
Vinay Sastry ◽  
Claire West ◽  
Susan Virtue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Liver Graft ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Operation ◽  
Additional Surgery ◽  
Surgical Complexity ◽  
Abdominal Operations ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Advances in liver transplantation (LT) have allowed for expanded indications and increased surgical complexity. In select cases, additional surgery may be performed at time of LT rather than prior to LT due to the significant risks associated with advanced liver disease. We retrospectively studied the characteristics and outcomes of patients who underwent an additional planned abdominal or cardiac operation at time of LT between 2011–2019. An additional operation (LT+) was defined as a planned operation performed under the same anesthetic as the LT but not directly related to the LT. In total, 547 patients were included in the study, of which 20 underwent LT+ (4%). Additional operations included 10 gastrointestinal, 5 splenic, 3 cardiac, and 2 other abdominal operations. Baseline characteristics between LT and LT+ groups were similar. The median total operating time was significantly longer in LT+ compared to LT only (451 vs. 355 min, p = 0.002). Graft and patient survival, intraoperative blood loss, transfusion of blood products, length of hospital stay, and post-operative complications were not significantly different between groups. In carefully selected patients undergoing LT, certain additional operations performed at the same time appear to be safe with equivalent short-term outcomes and liver graft survival as those undergoing LT alone

On the Localization of Combine Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 1107-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiao Qiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Summary of the development status of combines in domestic and abroad, combined with China's actual conditions, analysis of the problems of combine harvesters, this paper presents the type of combined harvester which suitable for agricultural production in China, put forward rationalization proposals for combine domestic.

scholarly journals Assessment of the harvesting costs of different combine harvester fleets

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Olt ◽  
Keio Küüt ◽  
Risto Ilves ◽  
Arne Küüt
Keyword(s):  
Cost Price ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Practical Information ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Harvesting Costs ◽  
Collection Methods

This study discusses practical collection methods of cereal harvesting costs in different agricultural holdings in order to effectively manage combine harvester fleets, make economically reasoned decisions on the exploitation of combine harvesters, reduce harvesting costs and consequently the cost price of cereals. For this purpose, the author used work results of combine harvesters monitored by three randomly selected agricultural holdings, collected practical information on harvesting, analysed this information and provided assessments on the effectiveness of their combine harvester fleet. Evidently, not all combine harvester fleets and combines operate with the same efficiency, as their harvesting costs are different.

Pacts for employment and competitiveness in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Freyssinet ◽  
Hartmut Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
Declining Demand

This article analyses collectively agreed PECs in 11 EU countries, focusing on their importance for employment and collective bargaining policy. It is shown that, irrespective of differences in emphasis, the agreements reached generally constitute a productive alternative to the prevailing strategy of responding to declining demand primarily by shedding labour. PECs, by contrast, do not rely mainly on short-term cost-cutting, but rather seek to raise both productivity and flexibility by means of comprehensive restructuring measures within the company. The focus is on improving internal flexibility; indeed external flexibility is often reduced by way of job guarantees. An important role is also played by steps to redistribute work via working time reductions.

A Study on Noise Test and Control of Combine Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 324-328
Author(s):  
Yao Ming Li ◽  
Pan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
Insulation Plate ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Standard Limit ◽  
And Control

Faced at the present situation that the noise level of most combine harvesters was generally higher than the national standard limit in our country, experiments carried out to reduce the driver's ear noise, which chosen 4LZ-5.0E type tracked combine harvester as experimental prototype. The method of noise sources separation was used to test the whole machine on different working conditions. Based on the contribution analysis to obtain the contribution of main working parts for the driver's ear noise and identify the main noise sources. Through designing the reasonable structure of sound insulation for engine and installing the sound insulation plate on the left of driver, testing results showed that the noise of the driver's ear was reduced 3.1dB (A).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document