scholarly journals Methods of identifying grain production cost when threshing grain crops in view of the need in combine harvesters and combine operators

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Chepurin ◽  
A. P. Tsegelnik
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Combine Harvesters

The paper presents substantiation of the rational use of combine harvesters’nominal throughput when threshing grain crops with the yield ranging from 0.8 to 5.0 t/ha and over. The main factors that determine nominal throughput of combine harvesters and their operational indicators are identified. The structure andcontents of thetechnological passport of combine harvesters are substantiated, and the algorithm of effective determination of their key operational indicators, based on the passport, are developed. These indicators depend on harvesting technology, grain crop yield, the share of non-grain part in the threshed grain bulk, the coverage of swath headers and direct-cut headers, and the operating speed of combine harvesters. The definition of the term “technological passport of the combine harvester” is given. Maximum and minimum allowable grain crop yield is established for the rational load of combine harvesters threshing at the standard operating speed of7.5 km/hrecommended by the Ministry of Agriculture of theRussian Federation. The existing methods make it possible to determine the operational efficiency of high-performance machinery by operational costs. However, they do not take into account the shortage of human resources when determining production cost of the threshed grain. As a result of the research conducted, the algorithm and techniques of determination of actual grain cost when harvesting grain crops by direct combining and swath harvesting methods are developed taking into account the need in combines of an i-class and combine operators. Production cost of grain threshed on the area of1000 hectarescalculated by the techniques developed, allows to define the minimum estimated and actual grain cost for an i-class combine harvester by direct combining and swath harvesting methods.

scholarly journals Design and technological aspects of spiked cereal combine stripping

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Gennady Maslov ◽  
Elena Yudina ◽  
Denis Ushakov ◽  
Gavriil Samurganov
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
System Research ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Grain Crushing ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Unit Performance

The article proposes system research of the spiked cereals harvesting process by a combine stripping, when the stripping header and the grain heap clearing are performed by one harvesting unit based on a self-propelled all-wheel drive combine harvester with a modernized design and technological scheme, in contrast to their aggregation by conventional batch-produced harvesters, which do not provide the harvesting quality according to the agrotechnical requirements. The commonly used aggregation of high-performance stripper headers by series combine harvesters, does not give an effect from the technology of combine stripping due to such violations of agrotechnical requirements as grain crushing for up to 1,9 %, its direct losses off the combine for up to 1,5 %, high kernel micro-damage, etc. With the use of a system approach, the design and technological aspects of spiked cereal combine stripping have been proposed, the use of which will eliminate the disadvantages of the used combine stripping while maintaining the high achievements of this technology in increasing labor productivity by 1,4 ... 2,0 times and saving diesel fuel for up to 45 %. In the principles of improving the technology by combine stripping, proposed by the authors, the requirements for its subsystems are given, indicating the main parameters of the stripping header and the combine harvester that aggregates it for clearing an unwinnowed grain heap. The proposed approach will enable to accelerate the spiked cereal stripping technology implementation with a high increase in the harvesting unit performance by 1,4 ... 2,0 times and with a fuel economy for up to 45 %.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of the process of combine harvesting of grain crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Kataev ◽  
Ilia Markvo ◽  
Kaprel Khubiian ◽  
Valery Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Local Organizations ◽  
Harvesting Process ◽  
Combine Harvesters

The effectiveness of combine harvesting processes is one of the most important indicators of planting enterprises, as it largely determines the efficiency of the entire organization. One of the problems in assessing the effectiveness of combine harvesters is the determination of the planned performance of machines with rated productivity. The paper considers approaches to determining the planned and actual performance of the processes of combine harvesting of grain crops. The factors affecting the decrease in the performance of combines have been studied. The analysis of data on the wheat harvesting process in local organizations of the South of Russia during 2014-2019 has been carried out. The results of calculating the planned and actual performance of wheat harvesting processes in these farms are presented.

scholarly journals Operation Research and Formation of the Harvesting Transport Complex of the Grain Harvesters of Foreign Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
G. A. Iovlev ◽  
A. G. Nesgovorov ◽  
I. I. Goldina
Keyword(s):  
Operation Research ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Vehicle Loading ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Transport Complex ◽  
Agricultural Organization

The authors showed that the main condition for assessing the harvesting transport complex is to reduce costs during harvesting and transportation of grain crops.(Research purpose) To assess the technical and economic indicators and operational properties of foreign grain harvesters and their impact on the productivity of the entire harvesting transport complex. Based on the statistical data obtained during the information collection, to calculate the indicators that aff ect the harvesting transport complex management.(Materials and methods) The authors used statistical materials on the combine harvesters operation, transport vehicles for transportation. They took studied combine harvesters and vehicles technical characteristics. They considered the elements of the theory of probability for the formation of the harvesting transport complex. The studies were carried out simultaneously in two structural divisions of an agricultural organization, located at a distance of 19-20 kilometers from each other. Economic and statistical, forecasting, economic and mathematical modeling, expert assessments and others methods were used.(Results and discussion) The authors received 89 values for the indicator "Time to fi ll the combine harvester bunker", 45 – according to the criterion "Waiting time for vehicle loading". They calculated the mathematical expectation of the fi rst indicator: in the fi rst harvesting team for the Tucano 450 – 22.68 minutes; Mega 370 – 20.74 minutes; for a Tucano 450 from the second harvesting team – 19.24 minutes.(Conclusions) The authors revealed the features of harvesting transport complexes formation, consisting of foreign combine harvesters and vehicles. They determined the productivity, quality indicators of the technological process of threshing grain crops and yield, at which the use of foreign combine harvesters became economically feasible.

scholarly journals Global trends in the improvement of combine harvesters

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Goltyapin ◽  
I.G. Golubev ◽  
D.S. Buklagin
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
Engine Power

It is noted that the use of foreign experience and achievements in the design of domestic machines is one of the effective tools to accelerate the development of agricultural technologies and equipment. The directions of combine harvester improvement and innovations in their designs are given. It was revealed that the most powerful engines (maximum power of 581 kW) are installed on the combine harvesters “Ideal 10” (Fendt company) and “Lexion 8900 Terra Trac” (Claas company). It is shown that the engine power of the most high-performance combine harvesters reached 581 kW. According to the toxicity of exhaust gases, they meet modern requirements. It is found that the technology of selective catalytic reduction SCR is increasingly used in the designs of combine harvesters. They allow to reduce the emissions of toxic substances into the environment by 2-3 times and reduce fuel costs by 40%, as well as the use of natural gas as fuel. It is revealed that the efficiency of using combine harvesters is increased by improving the engines, threshing devices, separation, cleaning, thresher loading and process control systems, working bodies of headers and cutters.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PASSPORT AND OPERATION PROCESS CHARTS OF GRAIN HARVESTERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Chepurin ◽  
A. P. Tsegelnik
Keyword(s):  
Combine Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Combine Harvester

The work describes how parameters of grain crop stalk mass, combine harvester speed, coverage of swath headers and fi eld size infl uence the actual throughput of a grain harvester and the feasibility of its nominal throughput at threshing. The nominal throughput of a grain harvester is usually taken as the delivery of corn bulk in kilograms her second to a thresher with the level of grain loss of 1.5 percent and the standard moisture of grain and straw. In a production environment, the throughput of a grain harvester of the classical scheme increases by 1.45 times when the straw content in corn bulk goes down from 1.5 to 0.7 in unit fraction and decreases by 1.16 times when the straw content goes up from the standard value to 2.3. By regulatory standards the actual throughput of a grain harvester can only be 10 percent lower than its nominal throughput. When choosing harvesting strategy and tactics in the farm conditions, the technological passport of the 7 kg/s class grain harvester may be represented as a nomogram consisting of four quadrants. The procedure of using a technological passport was developed by harvesting grain crops with the yield of 1 to 2 tons per hectare by the 7 kg/s class grain harvester. According to the calculations for the normal weather conditions and the yield range mentioned above, such harvester will be fully loaded only at two-phase harvesting, threshing double swaths cut by reapers with the coverage of 10 and 6 m, and at the maximum allowable operating speed of the grain harvester. The coverage of the swath headers for the straight combine method is from 9 to 11 m, so the effi cient load of the 7 kg/s class grain harvester at maximum allowable operating speeds is achieved only at threshing grain crops with the yield capacity of over 2 tons per hectare. These fi ndings can be used to develop operation process charts for grain crop threshing in each fi eld by the straight or two-phase methods.

scholarly journals LABORATORY AND FIELD RESEARCH OF A CROP LIFTER OF A COMBING HEADER

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
К.З. Кухмазов ◽  
Б.М. Мелоян ◽  
А.В. Малышев ◽  
С.Е. Губский
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Grain Losses

Материалы статьи посвящены актуальной проблеме – снижению потерь зерна при уборке полеглых хлебов методом очеса. В ней приведены описание конструкции и принцип работы разработанного копирующего стеблеподъемника очёсывающей жатки, а так же методика проведения и результаты лабораторно-полевых исследований по обоснованию его рациональных конструктивно-режимных параметров. Лабораторно-полевые исследования проводились на полях ООО «Русское поле» Пензенской области в соответствии с ГОСТ 28301 – 2007 «Комбайны зерноуборочные. Методы испытаний» на уборке озимой пшеницы. Площадь участка составляла 12 га, урожайность 47 ц/га, полеглость доходила до 64 %, отношение массы зерна к массе соломы 1: 1,3. Уборочный агрегат – зерноуборочный комбайн «Акрос – 595» с очесывающей жаткой ЖО – 7 «ОЗОН», оснащенной копирующим стеблеподъемниками. Потери за очесывающей жаткой определяли методом наложения рамки. Как показывают результаты лабораторно-полевых исследований, минимальные потери зерна (не более 2,5 %) при уборке полеглых хлебов обеспечивается при длине полозка стеблеподъемника L = 470-540 мм, давление газового упора P = 50-60 H и рабочей скорости агрегата Up = 1,2-2,0 м/с. The article is devoted to an urgent problem - reducing grain losses during harvesting of lodged grains by the combing method. It provides a description of the design and the principle of operation of the developed copying crop lifter of the combing header, as well as the methodology and the results of laboratory and field studies to substantiate its rational structural and operational parameters. Laboratory and field studies were carried out on the fields of the OOO Russkoye Polye (LLC) of the Penza Region in accordance with GOST 28301-2007 “Combine harvesters. Test Methods” in the harvesting of winter wheat. The area of the plot was 12 hectares, the yield was 47 kg/ha, the lodging reached 64 %, the ratio of grain mass to straw mass was 1:1.3. The harvesting unit was the Akros - 595 combine harvester with the ZhO - 7 “OZON” combing header equipped with copying crop lifters. Losses after the combing header were determined by the method of the frame superposition. As the results of laboratory and field studies show, the minimum grain losses (no more than 2.5 %) when harvesting lodged grains is ensured when the length of the crop lifter L = 470-540 mm, the gas stop pressure P = 50-.60 N and the unit operating speed Up = 1,2-2,0 м/с.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF FORMALDEHYDE IN WATER BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH THE USE OF SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Kochetkov ◽  
A. G. Malysheva ◽  
V. V. Glebov
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Quantitative Definition

The way of definition of formaldehyde in water by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the use of solid-phase extraction for concoction and extraction of the analyzed derivative formaldehyde is presented. The method is distinguished by the simplified and accelerated procedure of the sample preparation in comparison with classical liquid extraction. Chromatographic division of substances was reached on the turned phase column C18 with the use of mixture of the deionized water and an acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Definition was carried out at absorption wavelength of 360 nanometers. Linearity was reached in the ranges of concentration from 1 to 200 mcg/l. Full validation of a method is carried out. For control samples of all levels, including the lower limit of quantitative definition, the value of repeatability (RSD) accounted for ≤15%. The index of the accuracy amounted to ≤10%. The presented way showed good validation characteristics and can be recommended for the simplification and acceleration of the determination of the content of formaldehyde in water by the HPLC method

scholarly journals Substantiation of the parameters of the feeder chamber conveyor of the combine harvester header

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Kukhmaz Kukhmazov ◽  
Vladimir Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Grain Crushing ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Grain Losses

The aim of the research was to check the possibility of using and the justification of design and operating parameters of the proposed chain-and-slat conveyor of the feeder house for harvesting grain crops on the example of wheat. The research methodology included the determination of grain losses and crushing behind the combine thresher when varying the slat pitch of the chain-and-slat transporter (153.6; 307.2 and 460.8 mm), the speed of moving these slats (2.0...5.0 m/s) and the speed of the combine (1.2...2.4 m/s). The researches made on chain-and-slat conveyor of the combine harvester’s feeder house have shown that it can be used in the harvester’s design. The rational values of design and mode parameters of chain-and-slat conveyor of the combine harvester’s feeder house have been justified by laboratory and field studies. At a pitch of stamped slats of the chain-and-slat conveyor of 307.2 mm, a speed of chain-and-slat conveyor slats of 2.8...3.6 m/s and a working speed of the combine of 2.2 m/s, grain losses behind the threshing machine and grain crushing amount to less than one percent that meets the agricultural requirements.

Contemporary Tasks of Logistics Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 708 ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Michlowicz
Keyword(s):  
System Approach ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Production Logistics ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Input Material ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Definition Of

The role and tasks of production logistics in an enterprise depends on many factors, as well as the appropriate definition of logistics. Development of the concept of supply chains has caused a broader view of logistics. The fundamental goal of production logistics can thus be formulated as the pursuance of greater delivery capability and reliability with the lowest possible logistic and production cost. Currently, the integration of production planning with logistics become more common in many companies. Production systems are special performance systems which transform input material into physical goods. As logistic networks supply the input and distribute the output of production systems, production and logistics are closely interrelated. Many designers still do not take into account the supply chain and does not use the system approach. Interesting approach is proposed as part of Lean enterprises. It requires a determination of value stream, then the mapping and improvement.

scholarly journals PROSPEK PENGGUNAAN MESIN PANEN PADI COMBINE HARVESTER DI DESA KARANG MULYA SEMENDAWAI TIMUR OKU TIMUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Sudarti
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
C Value ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Business Income ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Village

The purpose of this study is to: (1) To calculate the cost, revenue and income obtained from the use of Combine Harvester rice harvesting machine in Karang Mulya Village, East Semendawai District, OKU Timur Regency, (2) To analyze the feasibility of using Combine harvest machine Harvester in Karang Mulya Village, East Semendawai Sub-district, OKU Timur Regency, (3) To know the prospect of Harvesters Combine Harvester harvesting machine in Karang Mulya Village, East Semendawai District, especially in East OKU Regency. The research will be conducted in Karang Mulya Village, East Semendawai District, OKU Timur Regency. Determination of the location is deliberately determined because in the village of Karang Mulya most of the population work as rice farmers. When harvest season comes the farmers are constrained by the limited labor harvest so that there are respondents who took the initiative to seek the harvesting machine harvesting rice harvester. The research will be conducted in March 2015. The study found that the total production cost incurred by the respondents in the Harvesting Combine Harvester harvesting machine business in Karang Mulya Village amounted to Rp 871,710,000, the business income was Rp 1,107,270,000 so the income received was Amounting to Rp 235,560,000. Harvesting machine harvesting Combine Harvester in Karang Mulya village feasible financially to be developed, it can be known from the calculation of business NPV value of Rp 109,848,197, IRR value is 58.10% and Net B/C value of 1,52.

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