scholarly journals Operational characteristics of direct sowing machine-tractor unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-334
Author(s):  
G. Tihanov
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Idle State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Relative Share ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Sowing Machine ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract. A study on some operational characteristics of a direct sowing machine-tractor unit has been carried out in wheat sowing. It is performed by Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to John Deere 7250 R tractor. It was found that 91% of the area is sown at sowing rate of 195 kg seed/ha. The remaining 9% are sown either at lower or higher rate. Engine rotations of the seed unit have been established at work mode, i.e. when the seeder is sowing, these are 1594.81 min-1, in idle state the rotations are 912.08 min-1, and in transportation mode are 1860.36 min-1. The relative share of engine use has also been determined: when the seeder is sowing, it is 56.68%, when the seeder unit is in idle mode, it is 14.54% and when the unit is in transportation mode – 28.78%, respectively. The actual operation speed of the seeder unit when sowing wheat was 10.40 km/h and the real hourly productivity – 3.7 ha/h.

scholarly journals Operational characteristics of a machine-tractor unit for direct sowing of barley using the JD LINK telematics system

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
G. Tihanov ◽  
G. Hristova
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Irregular Shape ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Rectangular Shape ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Telematics System ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract. A study has been conducted for some operational indicators of a machine-tractor unit (MTU) for direct sowing of barley. The data for this study has been collected and retrieved by using the JD Link telematics system from two different fields sown with barley: field A with irregular shape and area of 13.75 ha and field B with rectangular shape and area of 16.26 ha. It was found that for both fields the values for the most monitored parameters were very close as follows: for the engine speed of the sowing unit during working stroke – 1553.65 min-1 (A) and 1586.11 min-1 (B) (the difference is <2.08%); for the idle mode of the sowing unit – 900.08 min-1 (A) and 905.63 min-1 (B) (the difference is <0.62%); for the actual working speed – 9.97 km/h (А) and 10.16 km/h (В) (the difference is <1.9%), registered when the MTU is performing the technological operation “sowing”; those parameters of MTU are nor influenced by the field size and shape. Larger differences in values between the two fields were established in terms of the relative share of engine used – 19.98% (A) and 21.55% (B) (the difference is <7.3%) and for the consumed diesel fuel (in field А it was 7.2% liters higher than in field В, respectively, 11.7% higher referring to the average diesel fuel consumption – liters per hour). The actual hourly productivity in field A was 20% lower than in field B – 3.05 vs 3.81, which is due to the fact that in the field with irregular shape – A the sowing unit made more turns at the end of the levels than in the field with rectangular shape – B.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Localization and Mapping of Mobile Robot Based on Improved RBPF

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Jinging Zhang ◽  
Xiaogang Ruan ◽  
Pengfei Dong ◽  
Jing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Optimization ◽  
The Real ◽  
Bacterial Foraging ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Algorithm ◽  
Robot Position

The traditional SLAM based on RBPF has the problem of constructing high-precision map which requires large amounts of particles to make the calculation complexity and the phenomenon of particle depletion caused by particle degradation. Aiming at these problems, an improved RBPF particle filter based on adaptive bacterial foraging optimization algorithm and adaptive resampling is proposed for mobile robot SLAM problem. Firstly, the introduction of adaptive bacterial foraging algorithm to RBPF making the distribution of particles before resampling closer to the real situation. Then use the adaptive resampling method makes the newly generated particles closer to the real movement, thereby increasing the robot position estimation accuracy and map creation accuracy. The experimental results show that this method can improve the practicability of the system, reduce the computational complexity, improve the operation speed and get more effective particles while guaranteeing the accuracy of the grid map.

scholarly journals Effects of different soil tillage-sowing systems on plant development and emergence traits of second crop soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Onder Kabas ◽  
Mehmet Kocaturk ◽  
Cevdet Fehmi Ozkan ◽  
Emine Gumrukcu ◽  
Murad Canakci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Spacing Ratio ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Sowing Machine ◽  
Space Ratio ◽  
Direct Sowing

Effects of different soil tillage and sowing systems (Conventional Soil Tillage – CST: Moldboard plough + gobble disc + disk harrow + harrow + sowing machine; Reduced Soil Tillage – RST: rototiller-combined soil tillage machine + sowing machine; Ridge Sowing – RS: gobble disc + ridge-sowing machine; Direct Sowing – DS – no-till) on plant development and emergence traits of second-crop soybean were investigated in this study under Antalya provincial conditions. Experiments were conducted over the experimental fields of Aksu Branch of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute for 3 years (2013, 2014, 2015) as a fixed experiment. The number of days to 50% emergence, number of days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of pods per plant, the first pod height, number of plants per m2, 1000-seed weight and yield were considered as plant development parameters. Mean emergence time, germination rate index, emergence ratio, space ratio, tillering ratio and acceptable plant spacing ratio were considered as plant emergence parameters. Different soil tillage and sowing systems generally had significant effects on investigated traits at p<0.01 and p<0.05 levels.

Methods and Algorithms for Real Time Voice Noise Cleaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-196
Author(s):  
I.E. Vishnyakov ◽  
◽  
M.M. Masyagin ◽  
O.A. Odintsov ◽  
V.V. Sliusar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Streaming Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Cleaning Methods

The voice cleaning methods and algorithms play a key role both in preprocessing speech for further analysis and recognition, and in improving the quality of communication between users of information networks. The real-time streaming noise cleaning methods are the most important and complex area. The ability to process streaming data without delays imposes a number of significant restrictions on the algorithm: it cannot be iterative with a previously unknown number of iterations, and cannot explicitly use the data before or after the current block being processed. In the work, a modern adaptive noise reduction method for speech that can work with minimal signal transmission delays has been proposed. A large-scale study of existing approaches has been conducted, with special attention paid to two groups of algorithms: noise detection algorithms and noise suppression algorithms. Based on them the developed algorithm meeting the specified requirements has been built and analyzed. A set of audio data of Russian speech with various noises superimposed on it has been created. The testing of the algorithm has been made and its comparison with existing actual noise cleaning methods has been performed. The proposed adaptive method of noise cleaning without using specialized apparatus means and subsidiary information is able to operate in the real time conditions. The testing of the developed algorithm using the metrics of segment NC and PESQ have shown the high efficiency of the development and its superiority to common noise cleaning implementations Speex and WebRTC with respect to the noise cleaning quality and operation speed.

Experimental Verification of Balanced Control Valve

2016 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 632-640
Author(s):  
Martin Miczán ◽  
Lukáš Bednář ◽  
Michal Hoznedl ◽  
Ladislav Tajč
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Design Calculation ◽  
Servo Drive ◽  
The Real ◽  
Force Transducers ◽  
Operational Characteristics

Findings are presented from the tests of balanced control valve mounted on the steam piping with experimental turbine. The forces applied on the spindle are recorded and compared to design calculation. The forces are evaluated from the pressures on a servo drive piston or they are measured directly using force transducers. The real operational characteristics are compared with characteristics defined for constant inlet pressure.

scholarly journals Fuel consumption of a machine-tractor unit in direct sowing of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
G. Tihanov ◽  
N. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Telematics System ◽  
Direct Sowing

Abstract. A study has been conducted on the fuel consumption in direct sowing of wheat with a Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to a John Deere 7250 R tractor. The experimental field (29.53 ha) was sown with winter soft wheat (Silverio variety) at a sowing rate of 195 kg/ha. The data from the sowing unit were collected using the JD Link telematics system, downloaded from the system and imported and compiled in a database. Fuel consumption was analyzed in accordance with the operation mode, the idle mode and the transportion mode of the machine-tractor unit. It was found that the average fuel consumption in work mode (when the seeder was sowing) was 23.08 l/h, while in transportion mode the seeding unit consumed 16.55 l/h and while the unit was idling it consumed 4.30 l/h. The results also show that the seeding unit has travelled 63 km and consumed 185 L of diesel fuel at an average diesel consumption of 23.08 l/h.

Scanning electron microscopy of human iliac bone by a simple preparation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Takita ◽  
Tomonori Naguro ◽  
Toshio Kameie ◽  
Akihiro Iino ◽  
Kichizo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently with the increase in advanced age population, the osteoporosis becomes the object of public attention in the field of orthopedics. The surface topography of the bone by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most useful means to study the bone metabolism, that is considered to make clear the mechanism of the osteoporosis. Until today many specimen preparation methods for SEM have been reported. They are roughly classified into two; the anorganic preparation and the simple preparation. The former is suitable for observing mineralization, but has the demerit that the real surface of the bone can not be observed and, moreover, the samples prepared by this method are extremely fragile especially in the case of osteoporosis. On the other hand, the latter has the merit that the real information of the bone surface can be obtained, though it is difficult to recognize the functional situation of the bone.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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