Phosphorus load base carrying capacity estimation for fish culture in Lake Ranau in Indonesia

Carrying capacity is the ability of waters to accommodate pollutant load inputs without reducing the water quality. For aquaculture in floating net cages (FNC), the carrying capacity is a criterion to achieve the maximum fish production based on the level of total phosphorus (TP) released from the activity, which is still acceptable according to utilisation purposes. Lake Ranau in Sumatra is essential in supporting the socio-economic needs of the people in the surrounding areas, including FNC activities. The development of FNC as an aquaculture model in open waters will have a positive value as long as it is within the limits of water carrying capacity. Thus, the carrying capacity of Lake Ranau waters needs to be estimated to provide optimal direction for FNC development in line with other activities such as tourism. The carrying capacity was estimated using the Beveridge (1987) formulation that has also been adopted into the Ministry Regulation of Environment number 28/2009. As a limiting factor for tourism purposes, the status trophic of waters should be oligotrophic or oligo-mesotrophic. Therefore, the fish production that can be achieved is between 0 tons/year (oligotrophic scale) to 1,662 tons/year (oligo-mesotrophic scale).

Homeostatic approach in pedagogy

Статья рассматривает возможность использования общенаучного гомеостатического подхода к решению проблемы оптимизации управления в социальных системах, к которым принадлежит и образование. Гомеостатика, как кибернетическая наука, отвечает на вопросы: чем можно и нужно управлять, имея дело с самоорганизующимися системами; как выбирать оптимальное направление развития из возможного разнообразия; когда можно «отпустить» саморазвивающиеся процессы на «самотек». То есть, гомеостатика является не только теоретической, но и прикладной наукой. Автор считает, что перспективным является применение гомеостатического подхода при проектировании образовательной среды. Такая образовательная среда может приобрести свойства вариативности и адаптивности, стать развивающей и развивающейся, доступной и здоровьесберегающей – решающей основное противоречие образовательного процесса: между характером управления учебой ребенка со стороны системы обучения и характером ее непроизвольной саморегуляции со стороны организма. Это ключевое противоречие, превращаясь в противоположность, выступает основным механизмом дидактогенного ухудшения здоровья школьников. Сформулированы принципы проектирования образовательной среды на основе гомеостатики. The article considers the possibility of using a general scientific homeostatic approach to solving the problem of optimizing management in social systems, to which education belongs. Homeostatics, as a cybernetic science, answers the questions: what can and should be managed when dealing with self-organizing systems; how to choose the optimal direction of development from a possible variety; when it is possible to "let go" of self-developing processes to "take their course". That is, homeostatics is not only a theoretical, but also an applied science. The author believes that the application of the homeostatic approach in the design of the educational environment is promising. Such an educational environment can acquire the properties of variability and adaptability, become developing and developing, accessible and health-saving - solving the main contradiction of the educational process: between the nature of the child's learning management by the learning system and the nature of its involuntary self-regulation by the body. This key contradiction, turning into the opposite, acts as the main mechanism of didactogenic deterioration of the health of schoolchildren. The principles of designing an educational environment based on homeostatics are formulated.

Implications of the Overlapping Degree Between Proximal Fibula and Tibia for Placing the Optimal Syndesmotic Screw: A Virtual Cadaveric Study

Background: To determine the optimal direction of the syndesmotic screw and introduce a consistent landmark for practical application by analyzing three-dimensional (3D) modeling and virtual implantation.Methods: A total of 102 cadaveric lower legs (50 males and 55 females, average height of 160.6 ± 7.1cm) were used to reconstruct a 3D model by using the Mimics® software and the joint morphology was evaluated. Syndesmotic cylinders (Ø3.5 mm/Length 100 mm) were transversely placed in the proximal end of the incisura fibularis for simulating screw fixation. The tibial proximal cylinder, which was tangent to the posterior tibial condyles, was traced and the angle between the two cylinders was measured as the tibial torsion angle (TTA). After rotating the syndesmotic cylinder parallel to the ground, the overlapping degree between the proximal fibula and tibia were assessed as a radiologic indicator. Results: Concerning tibial torsion, the TTA was an average of 36.7° (range, 17.2°–54.4°, SD 8.78) When the syndesmotic cylinder was rotated to be parallel to the ground, the proximal fibula had non- or linear overlap with the lateral border of the tibia, regardless of the joint morphology. In this nonoverlapping view, compared to the mortise view, the three criteria for normal fibular length could be better visualized. Conclusion: The syndesmotic cylinder in the proximal end of the incisura fibularis could be consistently placed parallel to the ground by internally rotating the tibia until there was a non- or linear overlap between the proximal fibula and the tibia, regardless of the joint morphology.

Modernisation Trends in Public Administration in Slovenia

The theory of public administration offers a wide range of paradigms or approaches that are developed as a consequence of various triggers from internal and external environment. The classical model of bureaucratic organization as outlined by Weber is no longer appropriate in modern countries, although it still remains the basis of public administration because of numerous transformations and upgrades. The first major reforms were introduced to public administration via the more modern and market-oriented New Public Management. However, Post-New Public Management approaches have recently developed as a reflection of social and political changes. In this paper, we offer an overview of modern approaches, which do not appear in pure form, but in the form of hybrids. There is no consensus, either in science or in practice, on the optimal direction of public administration development or on the preferential approach. This decision is left to the governments, bearing in mind that each public administration reform and hybridization of approaches affect the complexity of public administration. Analysing the reform of the Slovenian public administration, we have found that the current Strategy of Public Administration Development for 2015-2020 is based on modern elements and values of Post-New Public Management approaches and that reforms strive for modernization, but (as shown by the current crisis) a serious effort will be required in the future to achieve this goal.

Large permeability metamaterial design optimization for low frequency applications

This paper presents a novel method for solving multi-objective optimization problems based on single-objective cellular genetic algorithm. In the proposed multi-objective cellular genetic algorithm, the objectives are divided into the primary objective and the secondary objective according to the preferences of a decision maker. The primary objective is used as the driving force for individual updating, while the secondary objective is employed as the bias force to select neighbors. The proposed approach has ensured that the secondary objective is also evolving in the optimal direction, as evidenced by the numerical results on both a mathematical test function and a prototype metamaterial unit as reported in this paper.

Image Retrieval Using the Intensity Variation Descriptor

Variations between image pixel characteristics contain a wealth of information. Extraction of such cues can be used to describe image content. In this paper, we propose a novel descriptor, called the intensity variation descriptor (IVD), to represent variations in colour, edges, and intensity and apply it to image retrieval. The highlights of the proposed method are as follows. (1) The IVD combines the advantages of the HSV and RGB colour spaces. (2) It can simulate the lateral inhibition mechanism and orientation-selective mechanism to determine an optimal direction and spatial layout. (3) An extended weighted L1 distance metric is proposed to calculate the similarity of images. It does not require complex operations such as square or square root and leads to good performance. Comparative experiments on two Corel datasets containing 15,000 images show that the proposed method performs better than the SoC-GMM, CPV-THF, and STH methods and provides good matching of texture, colour, and shape.

Practical Experience in the Use of Digital Technologies for Fuel Consumption Monitoring in the Agricultural Sector

Modern conditions for the functioning of production in the organizations of the agro-industrial complex of Russia are characterized by the intensification of the digitalization process. The basis of this process is the digitalization of the processes of monitoring the movement of transport and control of fuel consumption, in view of the most optimal direction for the operational reduction of production costs. The article analyzes the prerequisites and results of the use of digital technologies within the motor transport division of an agricultural organization.

Mechanically transformative electronics, sensors, and implantable devices

Traditionally, electronics have been designed with static form factors to serve designated purposes. This approach has been an optimal direction for maintaining the overall device performance and reliability for targeted applications. However, electronics capable of changing their shape, flexibility, and stretchability will enable versatile and accommodating systems for more diverse applications. Here, we report design concepts, materials, physics, and manufacturing strategies that enable these reconfigurable electronic systems based on temperature-triggered tuning of mechanical characteristics of device platforms. We applied this technology to create personal electronics with variable stiffness and stretchability, a pressure sensor with tunable bandwidth and sensitivity, and a neural probe that softens upon integration with brain tissue. Together, these types of transformative electronics will substantially broaden the use of electronics for wearable and implantable applications.