scholarly journals Iparági sérülékenység a pandémia tükrében

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Chain Flexibility ◽  
Supply Chain Flexibility

Összefoglaló. Jelen tanulmányban a termelési folyamatokat, valamint statisztikai adatokat elemezve azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a pandémia során milyen hatások érték az inputokat, magát a termelést, az outputokat, illetve hogyan változtak meg olyan versenyprioritási tényezők, mint az idő, a minőség vagy a rugalmasság. Mivel a rövidebb, a kevésbé komplex és rugalmasabb értékláncok válságállóbbnak tűnnek, ez felgyorsíthatja az ellátási láncok regionalizációját, amit tovább fokoz, hogy a termelőszektor gyors visszarendeződésével szemben a szolgáltató ágazatoknak elhúzódó kilábalással kell szembenézniük. Ezért azt is megvizsgáltuk, hogy az egyes országok ellenálló képessége függ-e a termelő szektor méretétől. Eredményeink alapján, ahol nagyobb az ipar aránya, ott gyorsabban képes a gazdaság talpra állni, ami újabb lökést adhat a fejlett államok iparfejlesztési törekvéseinek. Summary. The coronavirus epidemic posed challenges to all. However, with proper discipline, increased efficiency and adaptability, companies and economies can emerge stronger from this situation. In this study, we examine vulnerability of industries along three dimensions according to the general model of production complemented by aggregate statistics from Eurostat. In terms of procurement, shorter value chains seem more resilient than complex and long supply chains. Supplier risks may be also mitigated by increasing the number of suppliers of critical inputs. The costs and risks of transporting goods are also increasing. 90% of industrial products are involved in international trade, mostly transported through maritime shipping that faces significant increase in tariffs, and the difficulty of replacing crews could lead to further disruptions to the operation of maritime routes. Thus, it is not surprising that the pandemic has increased the issue of supply chain flexibility and simplification, and has drawn attention to the importance of inventories and input replacement. Companies may consider to diversify production sites or even reshore or nearshore their production. The rate of recovery varies in each sector: in services requiring a personal presence, such as tourism, the sudden economic downturn is followed by a slow growth, contrary to the rapid rebound of industrial production. Therefore, countries with significant manufacturing will witness V-shaped recovery, while higher reliance on services is characterized by slower and longer L-shaped scenario. Thus, the pandemic also pointed out that industrial production is key in a national economy: besides that industrial innovations increase productivity (and living standards) and manufacturing functions also have a significant multiplier effect on the service sector, manufacturing also has significant resistance against a pandemic. This could give a further push to the ongoing industrial development programs of developed economies such as Germany, the United States, or the European Union. At the same time, services that are able to move online show no decline, while service requiring a personal presence may struggle in the long run. Overall, structural changes are inevitable and companies have to adapt to the novel consuming and working preferences.

scholarly journals Industrial development under sanctions pressure: evidence from Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (28) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Ilmir Nusratullin ◽  
Nikolai Sergeev ◽  
Maxim Kuznetsov ◽  
Anastasia Sheina ◽  
Lyudmila Shubtsova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Technological Modernization

One of the most important sectors of the economy in Russia is industry. In this regard, the state seeks to stimulate the development of innovations in this area. Over the past few years, many industrial sectors in Russia have been in a crisis situation, which is caused by several factors: a decrease in the level of real investment, a decrease in the solvent demand of enterprises-customers and public consumers, and the introduction of financial and economic sanctions in 2014 against Russia by the United States and the European Union countries, as well as the effect of other macroeconomic factors independent of the activities of industrial enterprises. This study aims to identify the main trends in the development of industrial production in Russia in recent years, and an explanation of its causes. This topic is relevant in connection with the foregoing and may be of interest to academic economists studying industry development trends in developing countries. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of industry in Russia from 2015 to 2018 during the period of sanction pressure on the industrial and financial sectors of the Russian economy. Having examined the latest data on the results of the activity of Russian industry as a whole, one can note positive trends in the development of industrial production in Russia despite a number of negative internal and external factors. It is concluded that today, for Russia, the strategic tasks in industrial policy are reduced to overcoming technological backwardness and carrying out technological modernization of industries based on the use of innovative achievements, as well as import substitution for the sectors of the economy that are sensitive to foreign sanctions.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND TRADE COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Zhang DONGYANG ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Free Trade Zone ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Eu

The status and prospects of development of trade and economic relations between Ukraine and China are considered. It is proved that bilateral cooperation in the trade and economic sphere has made significant progress. In 2012–2017, China was the second largest trading partner of Ukraine after Russia. However, the problem of imbalance in imports and exports between Ukraine and China has not yet been resolved. In addition, the scale and number of projects in which Ukraine attracts Chinese investment is much less than investments from European countries and the United States. It is justified that trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and China is at a new historical stage. On the one hand, Ukraine signed the Association Agreement with the European Union, and on January 1, 2016, the rules of the free trade zone between Ukraine and the EU entered into force. This helps to accelerate the integration of Ukrainian economy into European one. On the other hand, the global economic downturn requires the introduction of innovations in the model of cooperation. The Chinese initiative “One belt is one way” is one of the variants of the innovation model of cooperation. Its significance is to unite the Asia-Pacific region with the EU in order to join the Eurasian Economic Union, create a new space and opportunities for development and achieve prosperity with the Eurasian countries. All this forms unprecedented opportunities for development of bilateral economic and trade relations. It seems that to fully open the potential of Ukrainian economy and expand bilateral trade and economic cooperation, it is necessary to take into account such proposals as the establishment of the Sino-Ukrainian industrial park, the promotion of cooperation in the field of electronic commerce, the formation of the Sino-Ukrainian free trade zone and enhanced interaction within multilateral mechanisms (for example, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the interaction of China and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the 16 + 1 format).

How Does Complexity Affect the Relationship Between Supply Chain Integration and Firm Performance?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Errassafi Mohamed ◽  
Abbar Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Supply Chain Integration ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Context Information ◽  
Chain Flexibility ◽  
Supply Chain Flexibility ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Supply Chain

Supply chain integration has become a major challenge for companies in the current context. Information sharing, and collaboration improve supply chain flexibility, tractability, and efficiency. Several studies have demonstrated, the positive and the significant relationship between supply chain integration and firm performance. Other studies have focused on the factors that affect this relationship. Supply chain complexity is a contingency factor that affects this relationship. Based on the literature review and through a confrontational approach, the authors propose a conceptual model to show how the complexity of supply chain affects the benefit of integration. Propositions are posited with suggestions for further research. Authors suggest that there are three dimensions of supply chain complexity which moderate the effect of supply chain integration on the firm performance: upstream, internal and downstream complexity; that there is a taxonomy of firm's group based on their level of each dimension of complexity and the effect of integration differs from one group to another.

The Role of Regulatory Impact Assessment in Fighting Climate Change and the Economic Downturn: A EU-US Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Torriti ◽  
Ragnar Lofstedt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Eu

In times of low economic growth and post-Copenhagen climate talks, a number of reasons for regulatory competition and cooperation between the United States and the European Union coexist. This paper discusses the role of Impact Assessment between the US and the EU on responses to the economic downturn and climate change. It is argued that, in the future, IAs will be an instrument through which it will be possible to read the level of cooperation and competition between the US and the EU, particularly on economic trade and environmental regulation.

scholarly journals Financial Stability And Ageing In Europe And The US: The Connection To Health And Retirement Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Mary Helen McSweeney-Feld
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
The Us ◽  
Retirement Systems ◽  
The Impact

An ageing population and expected future increases in the demand for long-term care services are important policy concerns in many European countries. According to the 2010 Eurobarometer survey 73, Europe faces major structural changes globalization, climate change and an ageing population (European Commission, 2010). Many Europeans also feel that families have to provide too much support for their older, dependent persons. Similar concerns have been expressed by individuals and policymakers in the US (Kinsella and He, 2009). These concerns are further exacerbated by the recent global economic downturn and the European and US financial bailout packages, which are only a short-term remedy to the complex issue of ageing in these geographic areas. This paper looks at the health and welfare systems of Europe and the United States, the scope of graying demographics in these areas, and the impact that these factors have on future financial stability in light of our attempts to recover from the current economic downturn. It also examines a number of potential solutions for economic recovery in an ageing society.

Cross-industry transformation: Structural modifications and innovative development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238-1260
Author(s):  
Viktoriya V. AKBERDINA ◽  
Ol'ga P. SMIRNOVA
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Industry Transformation

Subject. The cross-industry transformation is viewed from perspectives of the cross-industry interaction in industrial complexes and the integration of industrial technologies, which can be used directly in unrelated industries, with the multiplicative effect giving an impetus to S&T development of the nation. Objectives. We identify key aspects and new technological trends in the industry and analyze the innovative activity as a driver of structural changes in the economy. Methods. The study is based on methods of systems, structural-functional, comparative, economic-statistical and comprehensive approaches to analyzing the safe and sustainable operation of industries. Results. The article reviews issues of the integration or intellectual and information technologies into business structures of the industrial production for profit-making and competitive advantages in the market. We determined versatile indicators of the sustainable industrial development as there technological changes induce the large transformation. We display the structure of the industrial sector over time by type of economic activity, analyzing the degree and dynamism of the innovative activity in high-tech, mid-tech and low-tech production. Despite the positive dynamics of the Industrial Production Index, the percentage of the industrial sector in GDP has been shrinking for several years in a row, with the major portion being contributed by the servicing sector. Conclusions and Relevance. The digitalization of the industrial sector is one of the principal trends in the global economic development, with digital cross-industrial technological processes prevailing in all industries, reshaping their structure and bringing innovations and modernization. The use and broad integration of digital technologies gives enterprises a competitive advantage for sustainable development, which is indispensable without additional financial injections into such technologies.

scholarly journals Key accents of agenda of industrial development in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (92) ◽  
pp. 5-37
Author(s):  
Larysa Zbarazska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The State ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Sectoral Development

Industry of Ukraine requires cardinal changes both for overcoming of the current crisis phenomena and for providing of favourable conditions for dynamic and effective increase in a long-term prospect. Actuality of problem grows under impact of scale transformations in geopolitical and geoeconomical landscapes. The key trends of industrial development in the world are determined by the processes of introduction of innovative technologies of fourth industrial revolution (4IR). However, at present starting positions of national economy and industry in particular are unfavorable for realization of such projects. The problem of disparity of necessity and possibilities transition of industrial production to the new technological level must be settled by continuous adjustment of industry development strategy and state tactics to the specific national aims and conditions (macroeconomic, institutional, foreign-policy) The aim of this article is to accent attention on actual directions, mechanisms, and instruments, which are most accessible, acceptable (economical and institutional measuring) and effective for realization of industrial development strategy under existing conditions in Ukraine. In the article the "road map" of becoming modern industrial production in Ukraine is offered. It covers five purposeful directions (blocks): science and innovation, finance and investment, institutional, structural changes, and market demand. Within each of them tendencies are analysed and priorities for public industrial policy are formulated. The significance and arguments for the urgent formation of national scientific and innovative potential as a factor in reducing the dependence of production and reproduction processes in industry on external influences are presented. The institutional block covers the issue of uncertainty of strategic prospects of industrial development in Ukraine as a deterrent factor to the necessary transformations. The importance of realization of the strategic role of the state at the present stage of industrial transformations is argued. The objective need to involve big business in the intensification of innovation processes based on various forms of partnership with the state is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the priority tasks of structural and sectoral development in the context of accelerating the implementation of modern technological solutions and product innovations. In particular, the importance of the manufacturing sectors of defence and ICT is accented. The importance of expansion and diversification of domestic and foreign markets for the development of high-tech sectors of in national industry is considered.

scholarly journals A cloud-based supply chain management system: effects on supply chain responsiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihalis Giannakis ◽  
Konstantina Spanaki ◽  
Rameshwar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Chain Flexibility ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Supply Chain Flexibility ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Supply Chain Management System

Purpose Despite the ongoing calls for the incorporation of the cloud utility model, the effect of the cloud on elements of supply chain performance is still an evolving area of research. The purpose of this paper is to develop the architecture of a cloud-based supply chain management (C-SCM) ecosystem and explore how it enhances supply chain responsiveness (SCR). Design/methodology/approach First, the authors discuss the potential benefits that cloud computing can yield, compared to existing mature SCM information systems and solutions through a comprehensive literature review. The authors conceptualise SCR in terms of the level of visibility in the supply chain, supply chain flexibility and rapid detection and reaction to changes, and then the authors build the detailed architecture of a C-SCM system. The proposed ecosystem introduces a view of SCM and the associated practices when transferred to cloud environments. The potential to enhance SCR through the cloud is explored with scenarios on a case of supply chain operations in fashion retail industry. Findings The findings show that the proposed system can enhance all three dimensions of SCR. Implications for supply chain practice and how companies can migrate to a cloud supply chain are drawn. Originality/value Given that the development, creation and delivery of goods and services are increasingly becoming a joint effort of several parties in a supply chain, the authors contribute to the existing literature by introducing a comprehensive C-SCM system and show how companies can enhance their SCR.

scholarly journals Global Value Chains (GVCS) and COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
V. Varnavskii
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Economic

The article discusses the status of Global Value Chains (GVCs) amid the COVID 19 pandemic and their influence on world economic development. Key aspects of the world economy and GVCs transformation in the context of the COVID 19 are studied. A brief overview of the economic literature and development of theoretical frameworks and concepts of Global Value Chains as well as globalisation and “slowbalisation” is provided. The article focuses on estimates of key indicators published by international bodies, such as the United Nations, UNCTAD, UNIDO, OECD, WTO, IMF and others. Various think tanks and other institutions such as World Economic Forum, European Central Bank, McKinsey Global Institute, Deloitte, NBER have been analyzing GVCs’ contribution to the transmission of the COVID 19 macroeconomic shocks across countries. A quantitative assessment of participation in GVCs for countries and regions based on available data in the Trade in Value Added (TiVA) database are discussed. Specific attention is paid to the key GVCs indicators, including exports of intermediate goods and foreign value added share of gross exports. Special attention is paid to the economic downturn in the United States and characteristics of GVCs involving enterprises located in Wuhan (China), which is very important to many global supply chains. Various kinds of long-term trends and structural changes are analyzed. It is noted that gross domestic product (GDP) of the USA in constant 2012 prices (ignoring inflation) fell in the second quarter of 2020 compared to the previous quarter by 31.7% but only 9.1% compared to the first quarter of 2020. It is concluded that improving supply chains’ recovery ability will be an important factor for restoring global economic activity in post-coronavirus times.

Structural Transformation, Old and New Industrial Policies, and Implications for Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 648-675
Author(s):  
Jesus Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Economic Thinking

This chapter discusses changes in economic thinking, particularly since the 1970s, with a focus on the role of structural transformation and industrial policy. The chapter argues that structural transformation is the essence of economic and industrial development, but with markets not providing enough incentives to encourage structural transformation (due to the existence of market failures ), industrial policy is necessary to induce changes in a country’s economic structure. Changes in economic thinking have led to different perspectives on industrial policy, as have developments such as the arrival of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which forced developing countries to rethink how to use industrial policy (as a result of banning certain subsidies aimed at protecting the domestic market). In the final section of the chapter the new characteristics of industrial policy are discussed. Examples from East and South Asia, Latin America, the United States, and the European Union are analysed.

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