scholarly journals A mikro-RNS-ek patogenetikai és diagnosztikai szerepe mellékvesekéreg-carcinomában

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (7) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
Ábel Decmann ◽  
Pál Perge ◽  
Péter Igaz
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenomas ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Advanced Stages

Abstract: Adrenocortical tumours are quite prevalent. Most of these tumours are benign, hormonally inactive adrenocortical adenomas. Rare hormone-secreting adrenocortical adenomas are associated with severe clinical consequences, whereas the prognosis of the rare adrenocortical cancer is rather poor in its advanced stages. The pathogenesis of these tumours is only partly elucidated. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are pivotal in the regulation of several basic cell biological processes via the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Their altered expression has been described in many tumours. Several tissue microRNAs, such as miR-483-5p, miR-503, miR-210, miR-335 and miR-195 were found to be differentially expressed among benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours, and these could also have pathogenic relevance. Due to their tissue specific and stable expression, microRNAs can be exploited in diagnostics as well. As the histological diagnosis of adrenocortical malignancy is difficult, microRNAs might be of help in the establishment of malignancy. Novel data show that microRNAs are secreted in various body fluids, projecting their applicability as biomarkers as part of liquid biopsy. In this review, we attempt to present a synopsis on the pathogenic relevance of microRNAs in adrenocortical tumours and their potential diagnostic applicability. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 245–251.

Expression of plasma microRNA in patients with acromegaly

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Lutsenko ◽  
Zhanna E. Belaya ◽  
Elena G. Przhiyalkovskaya ◽  
Alexey G. Nikitin ◽  
Philipp A. Koshkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Plasma Microrna ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: microRNA is a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are detectable in blood in stable concentrations, which makes them promising biomarkers for various diseases. AIM: to assess plasma microRNA expression in patients with active acromegaly compared with healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: single-center, case-control study: assessment of plasma microRNA in patients with acromegaly compared with healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were drawn and centrifuged at +5С temperature and 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, then aliquoted and frozen at 80C until further analysis. MicroRNA extraction and library preparation was done according to manufacturers instructions. Expression analysis was performed on NextSeq sequencer. Bioinformatic analysis using atropos (adapted deletion), STAR (aligning), FastQC (quality control), seqbuster/seqcluster/miRge2 (microRNA annotation, isomiR and new microRNA search, expression analysis). Primary endpoint of the study differential expression of plasma microRNA in patients with acromegaly compared with healthy controls. RESULTS: we included 12 patients with acromegaly age 33.1 [20; 47], BMI 29.3 kg/m2 [24.0; 39.6], IGF-1 686.1 ng/mL [405.9; 1186.0] and 12 healthy subjects age 36.2 [26; 44], BMI 26.7 kg/m2 [19.5; 42.5], IGF-1 210.4 ng/mL [89.76; 281.90]; gender ratio for both groups 4 males, 8 females. The groups did not differ in gender (p=0.666), age (p=0.551) and BMI (p=0.378). We found decreased expression of four microRNAs in patients with acromegaly: miR-4446-3p 1.317 (p=0.001), miR-215-5p 3.040 (p=0.005), miR-342-5p 1.875 (p=0.013) and miR-191-5p 0.549 (p=0.039). However, none of these changes were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (q 0.1). CONCLUSION: we found four microRNAs, which could potentially be downregulated in plasma of patients with acromegaly. The result need to be validated using different measurement method with larger sample size.

Suggested roles for microRNA in tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Perge ◽  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
Ivan Igaz ◽  
Peter Igaz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Tumor Surveillance ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Surveillance Mechanism

AbstractMicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules encoded by distinct genes involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Forming part of the epigenetic machinery, microRNAs are involved in several aspects of tumorigenesis. Deregulation of microRNA expression is a common feature of tumors. Overexpressed oncogenic and underexpressed tumor suppressor microRNAs have been described in many different tumors. MicroRNAs are released from tumors that might affect other cells within and outside the tumor. Circulating microRNAs might also be involved in a tumor surveillance mechanism. In this short overview, some important aspects of microRNA in tumors are discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms, Diagnostic Aspects and Therapeutic Opportunities of Micro Ribonucleic Acids in Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Böhm ◽  
Marianna Vachalcova ◽  
Peter Snopek ◽  
Ljuba Bacharova ◽  
Dominika Komarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Diagnostic Aspects ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules responsible for regulation of gene expression. They are involved in many pathophysiological processes of a wide spectrum of diseases. Recent studies showed their involvement in atrial fibrillation. They seem to become potential screening biomarkers for atrial fibrillation and even treatment targets for this arrhythmia. The aim of this review article was to summarize the latest knowledge about miRNA and their molecular relation to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of atrial fibrillation.

scholarly journals Key MicroRNA’s and Their Targetome in Adrenocortical Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2198
Author(s):  
Marthe Chehade ◽  
Martyn Bullock ◽  
Anthony Glover ◽  
Gyorgy Hutvagner ◽  
Stan Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection

Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited response to available systemic therapies. Although complete surgical resection gives the best chance for long-term survival, ACC has a two-year recurrence rate of 50%, which poses a therapeutic challenge. High throughput analyses focused on characterizing the molecular signature of ACC have revealed specific micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by inhibiting mRNA translation or degrading mRNA transcripts and have been generally implicated in carcinogenesis. This review summarizes the current insights into dysregulated miRNAs in ACC tumorigenesis, their known functions, and specific targetomes. In addition, we explore the possibility of particular miRNAs to be exploited as clinical biomarkers in ACC and as potential therapeutics.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of MicroRNAs in Bone Diseases and Their Therapeutic Potential

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Bravo Vázquez ◽  
Mariana Yunuen Moreno Becerril ◽  
Erick Octavio Mora Hernández ◽  
Gabriela García de León Carmona ◽  
María Emilia Aguirre Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Wide Range

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (20–24 nucleotides), highly conserved, non-coding RNA molecules whose main function is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through sequence-specific manners, such as mRNA degradation or translational repression. Since these key regulatory molecules are implicated in several biological processes, their altered expression affects the preservation of cellular homeostasis and leads to the development of a wide range of pathologies. Over the last few years, relevant investigations have elucidated that miRNAs participate in different stages of bone growth and development. Moreover, the abnormal expression of these RNA molecules in bone cells and tissues has been significantly associated with the progression of numerous bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, osteonecrosis and bone metastasis, among others. In fact, miRNAs regulate multiple pathological mechanisms, including altering either osteogenic or osteoblast differentiation, metastasis, osteosarcoma cell proliferation, and bone loss. Therefore, in this present review, aiming to impulse the research arena of the biological implications of miRNA transcriptome in bone diseases and to explore their potentiality as a theragnostic target, we summarize the recent findings associated with the clinical significance of miRNAs in these ailments.

Non-coding RNA in cystic fibrosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene M.A. Glasgow ◽  
Chiara De Santi ◽  
Catherine M. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Small Ncrnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
Near Future

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant class of RNAs that include small ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) and pseudogenes. The human ncRNA atlas includes thousands of these specialised RNA molecules that are further subcategorised based on their size or function. Two of the more well-known and widely studied ncRNA species are microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs. These are regulatory RNAs and their altered expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Failure to express a functional cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane receptor (CFTR) chloride ion channel in epithelial cells underpins CF. Secondary to the CFTR defect, it is known that other pathways can be altered and these may contribute to the pathophysiology of CF lung disease in particular. For example, quantitative alterations in expression of some ncRNAs are associated with CF. In recent years, there has been a series of published studies exploring ncRNA expression and function in CF. The majority have focussed principally on miRNAs, with just a handful of reports to date on lncRNAs. The present study reviews what is currently known about ncRNA expression and function in CF, and discusses the possibility of applying this knowledge to the clinical management of CF in the near future.

scholarly journals Reduced miR-144-3p expression in serum and bone mediates osteoporosis pathogenesis by targeting RANK

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunqing Wang ◽  
Hanliang He ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Youjia Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are responsible for the formation and resorption of bone, respectively. An imbalance between these two processes results in a disease called osteoporosis, in which a decreased level of bone strength increases the risk of a bone fracture. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules of 18–25 nucleotides that have been previously shown to control bone metabolism by regulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we detected the expression pattern of 10 miRNAs in serum samples from patients with osteoporosis, and identified the altered expression of 6 miRNAs by comparison with patients without osteoporosis. We selected miR-144-3p for further investigation, and showed that it regulates osteoclastogenesis by targeting RANK, and that it is conserved amongst vertebrates. Disrupted expression of miR-144-3p in CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells changed TRAP activity and the osteoclast-specific genes TRAP, cathepsin K (CTSK), and NFATC. TRAP staining, CCK-8, and flow cytometry analyses revealed that miR-144-3p also affects osteoclast formation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Together, these results indicate that miR-144-3p critically mediates bone homeostasis, and thus, represents a promising novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Pathobiology of MicroRNAs and Their Emerging Role in Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Ludvíková ◽  
David Kalfeřt ◽  
Ivana Kholová
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Thyroid Tumors ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Distinct Disease

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRs) are noncoding, single-stranded regulatory RNA molecules involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. They control the development and maintenance of the diverse cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and apoptosis. Expression of miRs is tissue-specific and each alteration of the tissue miR profile is associated with a distinct disease status. Study Design: We reviewed the literature on the expression of miRs in thyroid tumors, focusing on methodology and diagnostic and prognostic output. Separately, we analyzed 11 studies on miR profiles in thyroid cytological material. Results: Numerous studies have evaluated the miR profiles of thyroid tumors in an attempt to find a possible diagnostic and prognostic role. Both downregulation and upregulation of numerous miRs was found, but differences between the surgical pathology specimens and corresponding fine-needle aspirates in the expression of the same miRs were also reported. Conclusions: The results from surgically resected material cannot be extrapolated into preoperative use without validation. For diagnostic use, the strong overlap between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma miR profiles is challenging. In summary, miR-221 and miR-222 are consistently upregulated in different types of thyroid carcinomas and might be used as markers of malignancy.

scholarly journals Molecular genetics of adrenocortical tumours, from familial to sporadic diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Libé ◽  
Jérôme Bertherat
Keyword(s):  
Germline Mutation ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Carney Complex ◽  
Tumour Suppressor Gene ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Li Fraumeni Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Defects ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenomas ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours

Adrenal masses can be detected in up to 4% of the population, and are mostly of adrenocortical origin. Adrenocortical tumours (ACTs) may be responsible for excess steroid production and, in the case of adrenocortical cancers, for morbidity or mortality due to tumour growth. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of ACTs is more limited than that for other tumours. However, studies of the genetics of ACTs have led to major advances in this field in the last decade. The identification of germline molecular defects in the hereditary syndrome responsible for ACTs has facilitated progress. Indeed, similar molecular defects have since been identified as somatic alterations in sporadic tumours. The familial diseases concerned are Li–Fraumeni syndrome, which may be due to germline mutation of the tumour-suppressor gene TP53 and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, which is caused by dys-regulation of the imprinted IGF-II locus at 11p15. ACTs also occur in type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN 1), which is characterized by a germline mutation of the menin gene. Cushing’s syndrome due to primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) has been observed in Carney complex patients presenting inactivating germline PRKAR1A mutations. Interestingly, allelic losses at 17p13 and 11p15 have been demonstrated in sporadic adrenocortical cancer and somatic PRKAR1A mutations have been found in secreting adrenocortical adenomas. More rarely, mutations in Gs protein (gsp) and the gene for ACTH receptor have been observed in ACTs. The genetics of another group of adrenal diseases that can lead to adrenal nodular hyperplasia – congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA) – have also been studied extensively. This review summarizes recent advances in the genetics of ACTs, highlighting both improvements in our understanding of the pathophysiology and the diagnosis of these tumours.

scholarly journals The role of microRNAs in angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Bujak ◽  
Patrycja Kopytko ◽  
Małgorzata Lubecka ◽  
Katarzyna Sokołowska ◽  
Maciej Tarnowski
Keyword(s):  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Antiangiogenic Factors ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Angiogenesis is the process that leads to the formation of new blood vessels. Under physiological conditions it occurs, inter alia, during corpus luteum formation and in some stages of the menstrual cycle. However, angiogenesis plays an essential role in many pathological conditions, particularly cancer. New blood vessel formation provides cancer cells with oxygen and essential nutrients, which stimulates tumor growth and facilitates its metastasis. Increasing evidence indicates that angiogenesis is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNA molecules of 19–25 nucleotides. The main function of miRNAs is post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, which controls many key biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Endothelial miRNAs, known as angiomiRs, are presumably involved in tumor development and angiogenesis through regulation of pro- and antiangiogenic factors. To date, the miRNAs that stimulate angiogenesis are: miR-9, miR-27a, miR-30d, miR0-130b, miR-139, miR-146a, miR-150, miR-155, miR-200c, miR-296 and miR-558. Conversely, miRNAs that inhibit angiogenesis are: miR-145, miR-519c, miR-22, miR-20a, miR-92, miR-7b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-328 and miR-101.

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