scholarly journals Az időskori gyógyszerterápia alapjai

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (23) ◽  
pp. 896-907
Author(s):  
András Telekes ◽  
Dániel Deme
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Developed Countries

Abstract: The proportion of elderly patients is getting increased in the developed countries as a consequence of which pharmacotherapy takes a more and more important place in the healthcare system. Important biological alterations are characteristic for the elderly subjects, which have effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the pharmaceuticals. Gradually decreased kidney function may demand the modification of the administration of the pharmaceuticals. Certain pharmaceuticals and drug-interactions are potentially dangerous for this population. Therefore several factors have to be taken into account in conjunction with the therapy of elderly patients including co-morbidities, cognitive function and the social state. At the same time, the risk–benefit ratio of the pharmaceuticals is the worst among elderly patients with pharmaceutical therapy including polypragmasy. Thus, it is inevitable for the development of geriatric pharmacotherapy that the physiologic alteration of elderly has to be taken into account not only in the daily practice but also during the development and formulation of a pharmaceutical. The present paper gives an overview of the most important factors influencing the pharmacotherapy of the elderly. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(23): 896–907.

scholarly journals The New Face of the Development: Social Capital

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem YAPAR SAÇIK ◽  
Onur CEYLAN ◽  
Mehmet ALAGÖZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Capital Social ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
The Social ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level

Classical models were insufficient in measuring development differences in countries because of focusing only capital stocks. On the other hand, new approaches discuss development with countries’ social capital. Social capital which shows relations between countries depend on confidence and affect a country’s economic, politic and social success.The confidence element has an important role in the social capital. The researches show that a society is called an underdeveloped one when the confidence is weak in that society. The existence of the social capital is mentioned in the societies with high confidence levels. Societies with the high level social capital together with human capital experience a rise in their life qualities. Many elements in the researches done come into prominence when the standards of the social capital are examined. When these are examined generally, the existing number of institutions and confidence elements are found.  Although many researches are shown as a standard of the social capital, it is the confidence element that occupies an important place among them.  At the same time, the existence of the social capital and the confidence element provide a decrease in temporal and monetary costs. The works operate in a busier and more rational way when in that society people’s and institutions’ reliability arise. The interaction here completely relies on confidence. Since this element exists in most of the developed countries, their level of success is higher.

scholarly journals Social Priorities of Less Developed Countries Sustainable Housing (Case of Sudan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ayman K. Abdelgadir ◽  
Omer A. Abu Elzein ◽  
Faris Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Sustainable Housing ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Developed Countries

Sustainable development and sustainable housing indicators are a response to the trend of adopting sustainable development objectives, adopted by most countries, especially developed and less developed countries. It is difficult to implement indicators developed for a developing country context in other contexts with different social, economic and environmental conditions. Social sustainability is the most important priority regarding evaluating the housing development projects in the developed and less developed countries. Economic conditions is linked in many aspects to the social sustainability indicators. Environmental indicators are important, but the less developed countries in general has a very low environmental foot prints, this is because the industry sector is usually week comparing to the developed countries. This paper reviews the sustainable housing indicators, with a focus on United Nations reports and indicators developed for contexts similar to study area, without ignoring the most reputable indicators developed for developing countries context. The research came with a set of indicators reflects the social priorities of the new housing development in Sudan. A questionnaire participants decided the relative important of each indicator and also the importance of the parameters of each indicator. Developing a set of social priorities for Sudan will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area. Description of the questionnaire results which reflects the national social sustainable housing development priorities are discussed. The researches came with a set of recommendations to enhance the social aspects for new housing development projects in Sudan. Using this set of priorities and recommendations will give extra efficiency in promoting and assessing sustainability in the study area.

Coronary artery disease in the elderly

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Glen ◽  
NA Boon
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Coronary artery disease is extremely common among elderly people and accounts for half of all deaths in those who are more than 65 years old. Although the condition is essentially the same as that encountered in younger patients, the management of coronary artery disease in elderly subjects can be difficult because the anticipated benefits and risks of the various treatment options are often altered by the presence of co-morbid conditions. Moreover, the results of the major outcome studies that underpin most treatment guidelines may not be relevant to the needs of many elderly patients for several reasons.

Cycle of Poverty in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-139
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Idowu Aluko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
Do So

Poverty is no longer fashionable even in the less developed countries of the world. The world has deemed poverty-ridden regions of the world as ‘anathema', forbidden, and ignoble. At the same time ways to get out of the menace are regularly strategised over a period of time. The developed countries of the world had been able to nip poverty to the bud significantly, but the developing countries still have a lot to do so as to overcome the menace. Poverty in the developing countries operates in a cycle of repetitions. This makes it difficult to curtail. How can poverty be reduced in the developing countries? This study reveals the reason while poverty has become a domestic phenomenon in developing countries and the way forward. The theory on poverty is evaluated alongside the present economic situation in Africa. The cycle of poverty, which includes the social cycle of poverty (SCP), political cycle of poverty (PCP), and the economic cycle of poverty (ECP), are examined. This study analyses the strategies to break the cycle of poverty in Africa and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Energy Requirement Equations in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review (P01-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Gregori ◽  
Honoria Ocagli ◽  
Corrado Lanera ◽  
Giulia Lorenzoni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Web Application ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Abstract Objectives Elderly patients are at risk of malnutrition and need an appropriate assessment of energy requirements. In the clinical setting, predictive equations are widely used to estimate the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE). Although easy to use, these equations are not always validated for the elderly and, even if validated, they often provide different outputs of energy requirements for the same subject. This study aimed at doing a systematic review of the equations for the estimation of REE in the elderly with the final aim of developing a web-based application helping clinicians in finding out the most appropriate equation for estimating the REE for each subject. Methods The systematic review was carried out using PubMed and Scopus following PRISMA guidelines. Studies in subjects older than 65 years of age, testing the performance of a predictive equation for the estimation of REE vs. a gold standard (indirect calorimetry or doubly labeled water) were included in the review. Studies performed in critically ill elderly patients were excluded. Results The initial search identified 2035 studies. The final review included 50 studies. Included studies were mainly observational, conducted in healthy elderly subjects enrolled in the outpatient setting, and using indirect calorimetry as gold standard. The 50 studies included in the review corresponded to 189 different equations. Several parameters were included in the equations and they can be divided as following: anthropometric characteristics, body composition parameters, environmental measures, laboratory tests, presence of comorbidities, and physical activity frequency. Conclusions The assessment of the energy requirements in the elderly is crucial for the management of nutritional problems in this population group since nutritional problems are related to worse health outcomes. The present study showed a wide use of different type of equations for the estimation of REE in the elderly highlighting the need of choosing the most appropriate predictive equation according to the subject characteristics and health status. The web application that is currently under development will help clinicians in doing that. Funding Sources Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

scholarly journals Brazil is getting older: demographic changes and epidemiological challenges

1991 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato P. Veras
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Third World ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Epidemiological Transition ◽  
Structure Population ◽  
The Social

Population ageing is currently a phenomenon not only in developed countries but also in third world countries. In this paper the features of a population's ageing and the process of epidemiological transition are discussed along with the worldwide changes in age-structure. Population statistics in Brazil and the characteristics of the elderly population are presented and analysed in the light of recent changes. The Brazilian elderly population is also discussed, particularly the issues relating to the social cost of the aged population, its urban and rural distribution, the elderly by sex, marital status and level of schooling, and emphasis is given to the imbalance of the sexes and the consequences of it for women.

Prognostic Survival Factors in Elderly Renal Failure Patients Treated with Peritoneal Dialysis: A Nine-Year Retrospective Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Genestier ◽  
Nicolas Meyer ◽  
François Chantrel ◽  
Farideh Alenabi ◽  
Pierre Brignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Comorbidity Index

BackgroundFew studies specifically investigating elderly patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) have been conducted and great uncertainty remains on the factors involved in the vital prognosis. The objective of this study was to describe our population of patients aged 75 years or older at the time PD was initiated and to study their survival in terms of the relevant nephro-geriatric criteria inventoried at the beginning of treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of all the elderly patients that began first-line PD in our center between 1 January 1997 and 31 July 2006 ( n = 112).ResultsMean duration of survival on PD was 19.6 ± 13.9 months; by the end of the study 87 patients had died and 7 had been transferred to hemodialysis. The Cox model multivariate analysis of survival allowed us to select 5 independent predictive variables that had a considerable impact on survival: absence of nephrologic care before dialysis, associated comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index), loss of physical and/or mental autonomy (AGGIR group), and polymedication. Above and beyond the weight of these clinical variables, institutionalization or, more generally, social isolation was a determining factor for the duration of survival in PD.ConclusionAny patient considered for peritoneal dialysis should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team in collaboration with geriatric specialists for both the overall medical situation and the social and family environment.

scholarly journals Aspects of the Feminist Movement in the Albanian Monarchy (1928-1939)

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Esilda Luku
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Queen Mother

This paper aims to analyze the characteristics of the Albanian feminist movement during the Monarchy and its impact on improving the social and economic status of the women. in the late 1920s, women's societies operating in different cities were suspended by the Albanian government due to the economic crises, the social and cultural backwardness and mainly because of the efforts to centralize the political power, putting under control the women's organizations, too. The monarchical government supported only the establishment of "Albanian Women" society in Tirana, under the patronage of Queen Mother and headed by Princess Sanie Zogu. It spread its activity among many Albanian cities and in diaspora and published a magazine periodically. The intention of the feminist movement in Albania was the education of girls and women, aimed at raising their cultural level, to overcome the old patriarchal mentality. The "Albanian Women" society contributed to the organization of courses against illiteracy for the emancipation of women which was closely related to the construction of a modern state. Secondly, the women's participation in the economic activity, such as old industries and handicrafts, would improve the female economic conditions and above all her position in family and society. The activity of "Albanian Women" society was helped by the governmental policies to increase the educational level of women, establishing Female Institutes, which played an important role in social progress and economic growth. Also the improvement of the legislation guaranteed women the civil rights, but unfortunately they didn't win the right to vote, as women in the developed countries. However, the Albanian feminist movement, despite the difficulties and its limitations, marked a significant effort concerning the national organization of women dedicated to their empowerment in community.

scholarly journals “A Study of Electrolyte imbalance in stroke patients”.

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zakir Hossain ◽  
Md Soroar Hossain ◽  
Satya Ranjan Sutradhar ◽  
PM Basak ◽  
MN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Developed Countries

Background: After coronary artery disease and cancer, stroke is the third commonest cause of death in the developed countries. Mortality risk is quite variable among stroke patients. Careful and early risk evaluation of each patient is therefore important. Electrolyte imbalance is a common phenomenon after stroke, particularly in the elderly. This research will provide the information regarding electrolyte imbalance in stroke patients.Objective: To find out prevalence of different type of electrolyte imbalance between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Method: This short term prospective observational study was done in Medicine dept. of MMCH. We valuated 50 patients of Stroke admitted in hospital. Venous blood sample was collected for electrolyte. Additional clinical data was recorded including detailed complications of Stroke.Results: Out of 50 patients of Stroke the percentage of hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, hypochloremia, metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were higher in patients with Hemorrhagic stroke (27.3%,18.2%, 9.1%,18.2%, 45.5%, 18.2% and 9.2% respectively) than ischemic stroke patients (3.6%,7.1%, 3.6%, 0%, 3.6%, 0%, and 2.6% respectively).TAJ 2016; 29(1): 39-42

Philanthropy, CSR and Sustainability

2011 ◽  
pp. 1281-1304
Author(s):  
Arun Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Strategic Csr ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate Social

Despite business’s business being business, the business owners have been doing acts of benevolence depending upon the owner’s religion, faith, values and beliefs. Establishment of temples, mosques, churches, schools, hospitals etc. has been usual practice through which firms have shown their concern about the society and made contribution to the social cause. However, of late, it is observed that progressive businesses, after understanding the nuances of sustainable development and its reporting, have moved from philanthropic mode of contributing to society to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibity (CSR). Some of them have gone beyond CSR and have entered the domain of Strategic CSR. In the process, a new concept of Corporate Sustainability, which is based on Triple Bottom-line concept, has emerged in strategic management literature. Thus, today CSR activities are being aligned with the business strategy of the firm. In the developed countries, firms are increasingly integrating CSR with the core business activities e.g. innovation, marketing, finance etc. This article attempts to look into firm’s CSR and corporate sustainability with special reference to a developing country - India.

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