“A Study of Electrolyte imbalance in stroke patients”.

Background: After coronary artery disease and cancer, stroke is the third commonest cause of death in the developed countries. Mortality risk is quite variable among stroke patients. Careful and early risk evaluation of each patient is therefore important. Electrolyte imbalance is a common phenomenon after stroke, particularly in the elderly. This research will provide the information regarding electrolyte imbalance in stroke patients.Objective: To find out prevalence of different type of electrolyte imbalance between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Method: This short term prospective observational study was done in Medicine dept. of MMCH. We valuated 50 patients of Stroke admitted in hospital. Venous blood sample was collected for electrolyte. Additional clinical data was recorded including detailed complications of Stroke.Results: Out of 50 patients of Stroke the percentage of hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, hypochloremia, metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis were higher in patients with Hemorrhagic stroke (27.3%,18.2%, 9.1%,18.2%, 45.5%, 18.2% and 9.2% respectively) than ischemic stroke patients (3.6%,7.1%, 3.6%, 0%, 3.6%, 0%, and 2.6% respectively).TAJ 2016; 29(1): 39-42

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Le puzzle du vieillissement

Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement ◽

10.1017/s0714980800011909 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 414-425

Author(s):

Gérard de Pouvourville

Keyword(s):

Health Services ◽

Aging Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Short Term ◽

Potential Increase ◽

Local Services

ABSTRACTTo define policies to cope with the aging population of developed countries, one must combine several analytical dimensions in space and in time. Is there a contradition between short-term policies to contain the expansion of the care segment of health services and the potential increase in needs for the “old-old” segment of the population? How should policies aimed at the security of income be balanced with policies aimed at the organization of services, be they curative services or local services designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the elderly? In this text, an attempt is made to put together the bits and pieces of the policy for aging puzzle.

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Evaluation of Electrolyte Imbalance in Acute Stroke

Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery ◽

10.36552/pjns.v24i4.501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 363-368

Author(s):

Mukhtiar Ahmed ◽

Aziz Ur Rehman ◽

Safdar Ali Pervez ◽

Farrukh Imtaiz ◽

Abdul Razaque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Brain Infarction ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Electrolyte Imbalance ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Serum Electrolyte ◽

College Hospital ◽

Severe Morbidity ◽

Medical College

Objective: Electrolyte imbalance is common in acute stroke; it may cause severe morbidity and mortality, so timely management of electrolyte imbalance may improve morbidity and mortality in cerebro-vascular accident. The purpose of this study was to evaluate electrolyte imbalance in acute stroke and its effect on the outcome of patients. Material and Methods: This study was prospective descriptive in nature and it is comprised of 106 patients of acute stroke after clinically diagnosis confirmed by CT scan brain plain admitted in Khairpur Medical College Hospital. Serum electrolyte along with the other baseline investigation was performed. Results: Hyponatremia was comparatively more common in brain infraction than spontaneous ICH. Hypokalemia is also more common in brain infarction as compared to the hemorrhagic stroke patients of this study. Conclusion: Incidence of Hyponatremia was more common than hypokalemia in patients with acute stroke. Keywords: Hemorrhage, Infraction, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia.

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Scars: questions of prevention and treatment

Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii ◽

10.25208/vdv1207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 54-64

Author(s):

Denis V. Zaslavsky ◽

Anna N. Barinova ◽

Akmal A. Sidikov ◽

Boris M. Tayts ◽

Svyatoslav L. Plavinskij ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marked Improvement ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Normal Skin ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The Third ◽

Keloid Scars ◽

The World ◽

Scar Management ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

Silicone Sheet

Each year in the developed countries of the world 100 million patients acquire scars; and there are 11 million keloid scars among them. Aim of the study. Evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and dynamics of scar condition when using self-adhesive dressings (silicone sheet; silicone patch) with a layer of soft silicone. Patients and methods. A clinical prospective observational study of the dynamics of scarring conditions using selfadhesive dressings with a layer of silicone sheet (soft silicone) was conducted in 27 patients. Results. It was shown that by the third visit (42 days after inclusion in the study); the color changed towards lightening and disappearing red; in the largest group with dark red scars at the beginning of the study 43.7% completed the study with light pink scars; 43.7% with hyperpigmented and 5.26% with normopigmented (р 0.0001). Also significant was the dynamics of changes in the position of the scar relative to the level of normal skin (р 0.0001) with level alignment in case it was initially lower than the level of normal skin. The condition of the scar surface by the third visit normalized; in all patients the surface became even (p = 0.0044). There was a marked increase in the number of easily displaceable scars (from 11.1% to 37.0%; p = 0.0003). Also; by the third visit; itching disappeared in all patients (р 0.0001). Conclusion. Overall; the study showed marked improvement across all parameters studied. Silicone sheet; one of the most widely used forms of silicone-based dressings; to be an effective treatment scar management.

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Abstract 105: Obesity Paradox in Patients with Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke: Increased Short-Term Survival with Decreased Longevity

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.8.suppl_2.105 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Ashamalla ◽

Neil Yager ◽

Justin Pieper ◽

Daniel Sedhom ◽

Ketan Ghate ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Obesity Paradox ◽

Group Iv ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Short Term ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Improved Outcomes ◽

Short Term Mortality ◽

Group Ii

Background: Obesity is associated with improved outcomes in patients with congestive heart failure and/or coronary artery disease; the obesity paradox. Effects of obesity on mortality in non-hemorrhagic stroke patients have not been well investigated. Material and Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed in 146 consecutive patients treated for non-hemorrhagic stroke at a single academic medical center. Patients were divided in to 4 groups according to their BMI: Group I with BMI (0-18.5 kg/m 2 )-4 patients (3%) Group II BMI (18.6-25 kg/m 2 )-51 patients (35%), Group III BMI (26-30 kg/m 2 )-46 patients (32%), and Group IV BMI (31+)-45 patients (31%). Long-term outcomes were ascertained through the National Death Index. This study was approved by the institutional IRB. Results: Prevalence of CAD, female gender, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, PVD and chronic kidney disease were similar between BMI groups. Overweight patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke were younger, with an increased incidence of diabetes (4% in Group II, 25% in Group III, and 37% in Group IV, p<0.0016). There was a trend of increased prevalence of hypertension in overweight patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke (51% in Group II, 55% in Group III, and 70% in Group IV, p=0.3146). Lower BMI was associated with increased short-term mortality (52% in Group II, 33% in Group III and 12% in Group IV, p <0.004). Despite improved short term mortality, the overall longevity in obese stroke patients were significantly reduced, as compared to patients with normal weight. Average age at time of death was 86+/- 9.6 years old in Group II patients, 76 +/- 15 years old in Group III, and 76 +/- 9.8 years old in Group IV patients, p<0.003 for Group III vs. II and p<0.001 in Group IV vs. II) Conclusions: Obese patients present with non-hemorrhagic stroke at a younger age. Despite short term improved outcomes, obesity is not associated with improved overall longevity.

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EDUCATION AS AN AGENT OF RESOCIALIZATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference ◽

10.17770/sie2018vol1.3190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 100-112

Author(s):

Nataliia Kalashnyk ◽

Yana Levchenko ◽

Olha Doronina ◽

Olha Kucherova ◽

Olga Luchenko

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Modern Society ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Professional Activity ◽

Social Maladjustment ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Aged People ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

High Level

Due to the aging of population there is a need for reevaluation of the importance and the necessity of elderly people’s participation in the life of society and as a result reevaluation of the methods of their adjustment. Modern “third aged people” want to continue living in the habitual rhythm of life, being the full participants of the society even after their retirement. The social portrait of a modern elderly differs significantly from the one 15-20 years ago. The level of medicine in the developed countries provides them with good state of health and therefore they can retain high level of social and emotional activity. Using several countries (Japan, Australia, Canada,) as an example the article aims to present different ways of inclusion of elderly people in socially useful activities in order to solve the problems of the modern society, in other words, to suggest how third aged people may be helpful. The article sums up that giving the opportunity of social and professional activity to the elderly people helps them to prevent social maladjustment and arising feeling of needlessness after the termination of active employment.

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Challenges for Indoor Air Quality Management

Environmental Research Engineering and Management ◽

10.5755/j01.erem.77.4.30289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Erem Admin ◽

Violeta Kaunelienė

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Quality Management ◽

Indoor Air Quality ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Pollution Sources ◽

Air Quality Management ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Short Term ◽

The Developed Countries

We live indoors. In the developed countries, people spent80-90% of time in buildings. Therefore, among the environmentalfactors, indoor air quality (IAQ) is a significant,if not the most significant, factor affecting human health.Scientific evidence has indicated that indoor air can bemore seriously polluted than the outdoor air in even thelargest and most industrialized cities. Indoor air pollutioncauses long- and short-term health problems and, dependingon the severity, can even make staying indoorsvery uncomfortable. Management of IAQ is a complicatedtask due to complexity of pollution sources and alimited number of measures applicable such as reducingcontaminants at the source, improving ventilation, and,when relevant, purifying the indoor air

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Az időskori gyógyszerterápia alapjai

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2019.31406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 160 (23) ◽

pp. 896-907

Author(s):

András Telekes ◽

Dániel Deme

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Daily Practice ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽

Important Place ◽

Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽

The Social ◽

The Developed Countries

Abstract: The proportion of elderly patients is getting increased in the developed countries as a consequence of which pharmacotherapy takes a more and more important place in the healthcare system. Important biological alterations are characteristic for the elderly subjects, which have effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the pharmaceuticals. Gradually decreased kidney function may demand the modification of the administration of the pharmaceuticals. Certain pharmaceuticals and drug-interactions are potentially dangerous for this population. Therefore several factors have to be taken into account in conjunction with the therapy of elderly patients including co-morbidities, cognitive function and the social state. At the same time, the risk–benefit ratio of the pharmaceuticals is the worst among elderly patients with pharmaceutical therapy including polypragmasy. Thus, it is inevitable for the development of geriatric pharmacotherapy that the physiologic alteration of elderly has to be taken into account not only in the daily practice but also during the development and formulation of a pharmaceutical. The present paper gives an overview of the most important factors influencing the pharmacotherapy of the elderly. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(23): 896–907.

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Current understanding of Age-related macular degeneration

International Journal of Retina ◽

10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Swathi Kanduri ◽

Monica Liliana Acosta ◽

Trevor Sherwin ◽

Charles Ninian John McGhee ◽

Colin R Green

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Age Related ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

Irreversible Blindness

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population 50 years of age or older in the developed countries. This review discusses the traditional clinical and histopathological presentation of AMD, epidemiology and genetics component in relation to the current understanding of the vascular nature of the disease. Therapeutic approaches to treat the disease are also included in the review.

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Ischemic Stroke in the Very Old: The Lausanne Stroke Registry

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.365-b ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 365-365

Author(s):

Gabriel R de Freitas ◽

Virginija Gaigalaite ◽

Guy van Melle ◽

Gerald Devuyst ◽

Julien Bogousslavsky

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Large Artery ◽

Short Term ◽

Old Patients ◽

Very Old ◽

Stroke Registry ◽

Poor Outcome ◽

Artery Disease

P145 Background: Although the population of developed countries is changing and the very old represent the fastest-growing group, there are few studies on ischemic stroke in this age group. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of ischemic stroke in very old patients (VOP). Methods: We studied risk factors, etiology, clinical findings, lesion topography and short-term (one month) outcome in patients aged 80 years or older presenting with a first ever ischemic stroke compared to younger patients (YP), aged between 45 and 79 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify whether very old age was an independent predictor of poor outcome (mRS 4–6). Results: 452 patients (13%) were older than 80 years, and 2,889 (87%) between 45 and 79 years. There was a higher proportion of females in the VOP than in the YP (53% vs. 34%; P<0.001). The VOP group had lower frequencies for smoking (7% vs. 32%; P<0.001), hypercholesterolemia (16% vs. 27%; P<0.001) and an elevated hematocrit (12% vs. 19%; P<0.001). In contrast, a history of atrial fibrillation (23% vs. 9%; P<0.001) and coronary artery disease (30% vs. 22%; P<0.001) was more common in the VOP. Cardioembolic stroke was more frequent in the VOP (28% vs. 21%; P<0.001), whereas large artery disease was less frequent (18% vs. 24%; P<0.001). The frequency of small artery disease was comparable in the two groups. VOP more often presented an abrupt onset of symptoms (81% vs. 73%; P<0.001) and isolated Wernicke-type aphasia (4% vs. 1%; P<0.001), but a lower frequency of headache (7% vs. 14%; P<0.001). Except for a higher proportion of lesions in the left posterior superficial branch of the middle cerebral artery in VOP (9% vs. 6%; P=0.03), there was no difference in the cerebral territories involved. A poor outcome was more frequent in VOP than in YP (17% vs. 12%; P=0.003), but this was not seen after correction for confounding factors. Conclusions: Patients older than 80 years have different risk factors and stroke features compared with patients between 45 and 79 years. Although VOP have a poorer prognosis, age per se is not a predictor of short-term disability and death. Knowledge of these findings may improve stroke prevention and acute treatment in VOP.

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Tackling Salinity in Sustainable Agriculture—What Developing Countries May Learn from Approaches of the Developed World

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4558 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sajid Shokat ◽

Dominik K. Großkinsky

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Developing World ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Short Term ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

Breeding And Genetics ◽

Developed World

Soil salinity is a common problem of the developing world as well as the developed world. However, the pace to reduce salinity is much slower in the developing world. The application of short-term approaches with an unsustainable supply of funds are the major reasons of low success. In contrast, the developed world has focused on long-term and sustainable techniques, and considerable funds per unit area have been allocated to reduce soil salinity. Here, we review the existing approaches in both worlds. Approaches like engineering and nutrient use were proven to be unsustainable, while limited breeding and biosaline approaches had little success in the developing countries. In contrast, advanced breeding and genetics tools were implemented in the developed countries to improve the salinity tolerance of different crops with more success. Resultantly, developed countries not only reduced the area for soil salinity at a higher rate, but more sustainable and cheaper ways to resolve the issue were implemented at the farmers’ field. Similarly, plant microbial approaches and the application of fertigation through drip irrigation have great potential for both worlds, and farmer participatory approaches are required to obtain fruitful outcomes. In this regard, a challenging issue is the transition of sustainable approaches from developed countries to developing ones, and possible methods for this are discussed.

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