scholarly journals A malignus daganatok és az ischaemiás stroke kapcsolata.

2022 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Strong Point ◽  
Stroke Population ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Similar Risk ◽  
D Dimer

Összefoglaló. A malignus daganat és a stroke egy-egy betegnél gyakran kombinálódik, sokszor egyidejűleg diagnosztizálják, vagy rövid idő telik el a két kórkép felismerése között. Az együttes megjelenés hátterében elsősorban a hasonló tradicionális rizikófaktorok állhatnak: az idősebb életkor, a magas vérnyomás, a hyperlipidaemia, a cukorbetegség, az elhízás és a dohányzás. Az átfedő kockázati tényezőkön túl a daganat által okozott hiperkoaguláció artériás és vénás thrombosis kialakulásához vezethet. A hiperkoaguláció hátterének kutatása főként a thrombocyták és a szöveti faktor aktiválására és a heparanáz fokozott expressziójára fókuszált, és felvetődött a neutrophil extracelluláris csapdák szerepe is. A daganat által okozott hiperkoagulációhoz társuló cryptogen (tradicionális rizikófaktor nélküli) stroke-ban sokszor található magasabb D-dimer-szint, és a CT/MRI-képeken gyakrabban látszanak multifokális, több ér ellátási területében megjelenő ischaemiás laesiók, melyek ritkábban fordulnak elő a tradicionális rizikófaktorokkal magyarázható stroke-okban. Az előzőkön kívül a daganatok kezelésére alkalmazott kemoterápia és sugárterápia is emeli a stroke kockázatát. A malignus daganatokhoz társuló stroke-ok megelőzése érdekében további vizsgálatok szükségesek a daganat által okozott hiperkoaguláció és vascularis változások pontosabb megértéséhez. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(1): 3–11. Summary. Cancer and stroke have long been studied individually, but their detrimental forces together have also been a strong point of focus. The occurrence of both cancer and stroke in a patient is often a reflection of their similar risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and smoking), however, a subgroup of the cancer stroke population is believed to occur due to cancer-associated hypercoagulability. A deeper look into the cancer-associated hypercoagulable environment has indicated that thrombosis may be explained by cancer’s role in several factors, including activation of platelets and tissue factor, elevated expression of heparanase and influence on neutrophilic extracellular traps. When a cryptogenic stroke (stroke lacking the aforementioned risk factors) occurs due to the cancer-induced hypercoagulation state, patient serum D-dimer levels have been found elevated, and CT/MRI images of the brain have shown multivascular infarctions compared to stroke patients with traditional risk factors. Additionally, cancer treatment – chemotherapy and radiation – have also been found to increase the occurrence of cerebral vascular thrombosis. Further investigations are required to better understand cancer-associated vascular pathophysiologic changes and how to discern their unique strokes compared to strokes from other etiologies. With these insights, the prevalence of strokes in the cancer population could be decreased. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(1): 3–11.

scholarly journals Traditional risk factors and D-dimer predict incident cardiovascular disease events in chronic HIV infection

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1509-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S Ford ◽  
Jamieson H Greenwald ◽  
Aaron G Richterman ◽  
Adam Rupert ◽  
Lauren Dutcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Chronic Hiv Infection

Epidemiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel Sanne Ekker ◽  
Frank-Erik de Leeuw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Young Stroke ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke In Young

Epidemiology can be used to reveal new causes of ischaemic stroke in young adults. Each year, about 2 million patients worldwide suffer a young stroke between the ages of 18 and 49 years. The overall stroke incidence is decreasing; however, an increase in the incidence of young stroke has been witnessed, possibly due to better awareness, new imaging techniques, and the increased prevalence of traditional risk factors already at a young age. Nevertheless, not all young stroke patients have cardiovascular risk factors. The proportion of patients with arterial dissection, cardioembolic stroke, and cryptogenic stroke is higher in young patients than in older patients. This chapter uses sex differences in both incidence and prognosis to provide leads for new risk factors in young men and women. Lastly, prognosis after young stroke is poor. The risk of death is higher than expected from the general population and remains high even years after stroke. Young stroke strikes suddenly, with attendant life-long consequences.

Relationship of waist and hip circumference with coagulation and fibrinolysis in postmenopausal women

2007 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger E. Peverill ◽  
Helena J. Teede ◽  
Erica Malan ◽  
Dimitra Kotsopoulos ◽  
Joseph J. Smolich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Pai 1 ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Coagulation And Fibrinolysis

The contribution of obesity to the occurrence of cardiovascular events may not be wholly related to its influence on traditional risk factors. Coagulation and fibrinolysis may also influence cardiovascular risk, but the relationship of adiposity with these processes is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships of BMI (body mass index), waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) with VIIc (factor VII activity), plasma markers of thrombin generation [F1+2 (prothrombin fragment 1+2)], fibrin formation [SF (soluble fibrin)] and fibrin turnover (D-dimer), and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; a marker of fibrinolytic inhibitory capacity). The study cohort was 80 healthy postmenopausal women who were not diabetic, current smokers or taking hormone therapy and who had a fasting sample of blood collected. VIIc, F1+2, SF and PAI-1 were all positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference and WHR, whereas D-dimer was positively correlated with waist circumference and WHR, but not BMI. WHR was the strongest correlate of all the markers except for PAI-1, which was most closely related to BMI. Hip circumference became a negative correlate of F1+2 and D-dimer after adjusting for waist circumference. The relationships of WHR with F1+2 and SF, but not with VIIc and D-dimer, were independent of traditional risk factors. The positive association between waist circumference and markers of thrombin generation, fibrin production and fibrin turnover suggests that abdominal adiposity may contribute to atherothrombosis by activating intravascular coagulation. In contrast, a larger hip circumference appears to have a protective affect against coagulation activation.

Association of Variables of Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Acute-phase with Atherosclerosis in Coronary and Peripheral Arteries and those Arteries Supplying the Brain

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Heinrich ◽  
Helmut Schulte ◽  
Rainer Schönfeld ◽  
Ekkehart Köhler ◽  
Gerd Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Peripheral Arteries ◽  
Brain Vessels ◽  
The Brain ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryWe investigated the vessel status of coronary and peripheral arteries and those arteries supplying the brain in 929 consecutive male patients admitted to a coronary rehabilitation unit. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was scored using coronary angiography. Changes in extracranial brain vessels and manifest cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were determined by B-mode ultrasound and Doppler examination. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) was diagnosed using base-line and stress oscillography. We assessed variables of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the acute phase response.There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, d-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) with increasing severity of coronary heart disease. Compared to men with unaffected arteries, men with 3 diseased coronary arteries had 58% greater d-dimer concentrations. Patients with CVD and PAD, respectively, also had significantly higher fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations. We did not find an association between plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.In conclusion, plasma fibrinogen, d-dimer and CRP concentrations were significantly related to atherosclerosis in the coronary, peripheral and extracranial brain arteries.

A Genomic Approach to Characterize the Vulnerable Patient – a Clinical Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Evelin Szabó ◽  
Zsolt Parajkó ◽  
Diana Opincariu ◽  
Monica Chițu ◽  
Nóra Raț ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Atherosclerosis is the elemental precondition for any cardiovascular disease and the predominant cause of ischemic heart disease that often leads to myocardial infarction. Systemic risk factors play an important role in the starting and progression of atherosclerosis. The complexity of the disease is caused by its multifactorial origin. Besides the traditional risk factors, genetic predisposition is also a strong risk factor. Many studies have intensively researched cardioprotective drugs, which can relieve myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, thereby reducing infarct size. A better understanding of abnormal epigenetic pathways in the myocardial pathology may result in new treatment options. Individualized therapy based on genome sequencing is important for an effective future medical treatment. Studies based on multiomics help to better understand the pathophysiological mechanism of several diseases at a molecular level. Epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic research may be essential in detecting the pathological phenotype of myocardial ischemia and ischemic heart failure.

Rediscussing the Role of Traditional Risk Factors in Young Adults With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 6987-6995
Author(s):  
NORBERT NECKEL ◽  
MARCO MICHAEL ◽  
DANIEL TROELTZSCH ◽  
JONAS WÜSTER ◽  
STEFFEN KOERDT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Loneliness, social isolation and cardiovascular risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Alun ◽  
Barbara Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Loneliness and social isolation are increasingly being acknowledged as risk factors for both physical and mental health problems. Recent statistics demonstrate that loneliness and isolation are on the rise internationally, to the point of being classed as an epidemic. In this paper, the authors outline some of the recent research linking loneliness and isolation to significant chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes; mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression; cognitive disorders and dementia. Isolation has also been shown to compromise recovery after acute cardiac events, being associated with increased hospital readmission and premature death. Indeed, isolation has now been identified as a risk factor equivalent in effect to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and obesity. While distinguishing between objective and subjective indicators of isolation, the authors highlight the complexity of this phenomenon, both in terms of definition and measurement, as well as the interplay between subjective and objective indicators. Important clinical implications for health professionals working with cardiac patients are also proposed, in terms of screening for isolation, and possible interventions to support patients at risk of isolation. The aim of the current article is to emphasise the importance of acknowledging loneliness and isolation as key risk factors requiring urgent attention, both in research and in clinical practice.

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