scholarly journals Transabdominal ultrasonographic evaluation of fetal well-being in the late-term mare and cow

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Baska-Vincze ◽  
Ferenc Baska ◽  
Ottó Szenci
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Biophysical Profile ◽  
Fetal Activity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Sensitivity

In the equine practice, attempts have been made to examine the fetus in the second and third trimester of pregnancy but all of the available methods have limitations. Until now, transabdominal ultrasonography has been regarded as the most informative examination. This method allows us to measure fetal heart rate, fetal activity as well as the quality and quantity of the fetal fluids. A modified biophysical profile for horses was used by several researchers in the USA from the 1990s as a gold standard. However, it is not sensitive enough and, in the authors’ experience, professionals can face difficulties during its application (e.g. for measuring aortic diameter and fetal breathing movements). In cows, this method was first used for this purpose by a Canadian research group in 2007. They reported that transabdominal ultrasound was promising but showed low sensitivity in this species. The present studies show that birth weight cannot be predicted from fetal aortic diameter measurement in cows as suggested by other researchers. Transabdominal ultrasound needs special equipment (2–3.5 MHz convex transducer) and basic ultrasonographic knowledge; however, we suggest that in most cases it can be performed with the dam placed in a stock and without shaving the examination area. The method provides useful information within 30–40 minutes, enabling the examiner to determine whether or not the fetus is alive and to recognise placentitis or twins. This technique also allows measuring the combined thickness of the uteroplacental unit, and the authors’ ongoing study showed higher normal values in Lipizzaner mares compared to values in other breeds. In conclusion, with the help of advanced techniques, simple and low-cost methods should be developed for the evaluation of the pregnant dam and its fetus to assess fetal viability in the veterinary practice.

Serving the low-income consumer in a rich economy: Dollar General racks up sales

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn Atwal ◽  
Douglas Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The conceptualization of the Base of Pyramid (BOP) proposes that low-income markets can lead to profitable opportunities for businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify key success factors of a BOP business strategy based on a case study of the discount retailer, Dollar General, in the USA. Design/methodology/approach The research design used in this research is an in-depth case study of Dollar General in the USA. Qualitative methods are applied in both the primary and secondary data collection and during the follow-on data analysis of Dollar General. Findings Dollar General’s strategic profile is achieved through the combination of the following four actions which are tailored to compete effectively at the BOP in the USA: creating the neighborhood discounter, raising aspirational appeal, reducing service and eliminating internationalization. Research limitations/implications The case is specific to Dollar General in a US cultural context. Practical implications The case of Dollar General demonstrates how a discounter retailer should not only follow a low-cost strategy to compete at the BOP. Its ability to craft a distinctive strategy is coherent with meeting the logistical, rational and emotional needs of the low-income consumer in the USA. Social implications Many businesses have neglected rural areas of the USA as being unprofitable. The ability for businesses such as Dollar General to serve the BOP segment can foster the socio-economic well-being of communities. Originality/value The overwhelming body of the BOP literature is based on emerging markets. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the few studies to investigate BOP business strategy in the USA.

scholarly journals Applicability of fetal thoracic aortic diameter measurement in the prediction of birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows — Short communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Boglárka Vincze ◽  
András Gáspárdy ◽  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Ervin Albert ◽  
Luca Kézér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Diameter Measurement ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Friesian Cows

Transabdominal ultrasonography has been shown to be a useful and reliable method for assessing fetal well-being in horses and cattle. To test the applicability of fetal aortic diameter measurement in cattle, 44 late-term pregnant cows and heifers were examined 21 to 0 days prior to calving. Mean fetal aortic diameter was 2.07 ± 0.14 cm and mean fetal heart rate (FHR) was 109 ± 17 bpm. Three dead calves were dissected and their aortic diameter was measured in a water bath. The mean birth weight (n = 44) was 39.9 ± 5.8 kg. There was a significant negative correlation between FHR and fetal aortic diameter. However, although some studies have shown that fetal aortic diameter strongly correlates with birth weight in near-term horses and cattle, in this study there was no correlation between fetal aortic diameter and birth weight in Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers irrespective of whether the fetus was born alive or dead.

scholarly journals Ultrasound Modality in the Evaluation and Management of Gallbladder Polyps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haithem Zaafouri ◽  
Meryam Mesbahi ◽  
Nizar Khedhiri ◽  
Wassim Riahi ◽  
Mouna Cherif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
First Line ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Gallbladder Polyps ◽  
Preoperative Ultrasound ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Gallbladder polyps (GBP) are defined as developed masses inside the wall of the gallbladder; most of them (90%) are nontumor lesions. Abdominal ultrasound is the main and the first line radiological modality for their diagnosis and their risk lamination. We conducted a 12 year retrospective study between 2009 and 2020, which included patients who had preoperative transabdominal ultrasonography showing gallbladder polyps and had undergone cholecystectomy, and for whom postoperative pathology results were available, as well as patients who had at least one polyp discovered on the histopathological exam and who were not determined preoperatively. A total of 70 patients were identified. Preoperative diagnosis of vesicular polyp by ultrasound was carried in 82.9% of patients. The number of ultrasounds performed per person was 1.2 ± 0.47. The polyps’ size in mm was on average 6.14 ± 2.6 with extremes between 3 and 13 mm. On anatomopathological examination, a polyp was objectified in 33.3% of cases. In our series, abdominal ultrasound had a low sensitivity at 36.4%. We aim to provide the accuracy of abdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of GBP, as a low-cost modality, and to evaluate the concordance of preoperative ultrasound imaging with postoperative pathology.

scholarly journals CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE O PESO DO NEONATO EQUINO PURO SANGUE INGLÊS (PSI) E A AORTA FETAL DETERMINADA POR ULTRASSONOGRAFIA TRANSABDOMINAL DURANTE OS ÚLTIMOS 10 DIAS ANTERIORES AO PARTO

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. TULLIO ◽  
L. E. KOZICKI ◽  
A.W.C. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Mean

Com o objetivo de se avaliar a dimensão fetal, quarenta éguas da raça Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) foram examinadas ultrassonograficamente por via transabdominal a partir do 300º dia /de gestação até o parto, a intervalos de 10 dias entre os exames. O peso do neonato foi aferido mediante fita de pesagem eqüina e / ou balança. O valor médio do diâmetro da aorta fetal foi de 24,05 mm para todo o grupo, sendo para machos 24,21 mm e para fêmeas 23,79 mm. O peso fetal estimado foi de 50,70 kg e o real ao nascimento de 52,3 kg para todo o grupo (p< 0,05). Para os fetos machos o peso estimado foi de 51,19 kg, e ao nascimento 52,70 kg; para os fetos fêmeas o peso estimado foi de 49,97 kg e ao nascimento 51,68 kg (p< 0,05). Nas fêmeas pesadas com fita o peso fetal estimado foi de 49,36 kg e ao nascimento de 51,50 kg e para os machos o peso fetal estimado foi de 49,78 kg e ao nascimento 51,64 kg (p< 0,05). Nas fêmeas pesadas com balança, o peso estimado foi de 50,34 kg e ao nascimento 51,80 kg, e nos machos o peso estimado foi de 52,40 kg e ao nascimento 53,62 kg (p< 0,05). Concluiu-se que houve diferença estatística entre o peso estimado e o peso ao nascimento do neonato equino. Correlation between the neonatal weight of thoroughbred horses and the fetal aorta measured by transabdominal ultrasound in the last 10 days before parturition Abstract In order to evaluate the fetal dimension and weight, 40 thoroughbred mares (n=40) underwent transabdominal ultrasonography each 10-day intervals from 300 days of gestation until parturition. The neonatal weight was measured by an equine ribbon and / or balance. The mean fetal aortic diameter for all fetuses was 24.05 ± 1.86 mm, for male fetuses was 24.21 ± 1.98 mm and female was 23.79 ± 1.64 mm. The mean predict weight was 50.70 ± 5.53 kg, for neonate 52.3 ± 6.31 kg (P< 0.05 a 5%). The mean predict weight for male fetuses was 51.19 ± 5.81 kg and for the neonates was 52.70 ± 6.45 kg; for female fetuses was 49.97 ± 4.79 kg and for the neonates was 51.68 ± 5.81 kg (P< 0.05 at 5%). The mean predict weight for female fetuses using the ribbon was 49.36 ± 4.36 kg, for the neonates was 51.50 ± 5.46 kg, and for male fetuses the mean predict weight with ribbon was 49.78 ± 4.41 kg, for the neonates 51.64 ± 5.85 kg (P< 0.05 at 5%). The mean predict weight for female fetuses using the balance was 50.34 ± 5.00 kg, for neonates was 51.80 ± 6.01 kg, and for male fetuses the mean predict weight with balance was 52.40 ± 6.53 kg, for neonates 53.62 ± 6.78 kg (P< 0.05 at 5%). The results suggest that the predicted fetal weight did not correlate with the fetal aortic diameter.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO ULTRA-SONOGRÁFICA DO FETO E DO MEIO INTRA-UTERINO DURANTE O ÚLTIMO MÊS DE GESTAÇÃO EM ÉGUAS PURO SANGUE INGLÊS (PSI)

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. TULLIO ◽  
L.E. KOZICKI ◽  
A.W.C. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Aortic Diameter ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fetal Activity ◽  
The Mean

Com o objetivo de avaliar o diâmetro da aorta fetal, freqüência cardíaca fetal, atividade fetal, ecogenicidade dos líquidos alantóide amniótico e espessura da unidade feto-placentária, trinta e oito éguas Puro-Sangue Inglês (PSI) com gestações saudáveis foram examinadas por ultra-sonografia. O valor médio da freqüência cardíaca fetal variou de 73,05 ± 2,99 bat/min aos 300-330 dias de gestação para 70,05 ± 1,88 bat/min a partir de 330 dias de gestação. O valor médio do diâmetro da aorta fetal foi 23,69 ± 1,66 mm e a média da atividade fetal foi 2,03 ± 0,19. A espessura da unidade feto-placentária apresentou valores médios de 8,70 ± 0,92 mm para 300-330 dias, e 9,57 ± 0,49 mm para 330 dias até o parto. O valor médio para a ecogenicidade do líquido amniótico foi 1,96 ± 0,27, e para o líquido alantóide foi 1 ± 0. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetus and intrauterine environment in the last month of pregnancy in thoroughbred mares Abstract Thirty eight thoroughbred mares with normal pregnancies were subjected to transabdominal and transrectal sonography from 300 days of gestation up to the term in order to evaluated fetals aortic diameter, heart rate and activity, as well as the amniotic and allantoic fluids ecogenicity and the thickness of the uterus and placenta unit. The mean fetal heart rate values varied from 73,05 ± 2,99 beats/minute at 300-330 days of pregnancy to 70,05 ± 1,88 beats/minute from 330 days of pregnancy up to the term. The mean value for fetal aortic diameter was 23,69 ± 1,66 mm and for fetal activity was 2,03 ± 0,19. The uterus and placenta thickness displayed mean values of 8,70 ± 0,92 mm and 9,57 ± 0,49 mm at 300-330 days of pregnancy mm and at 330 days of pregnancy up to the term, respectively. The mean values for amniotic fluid ecogenicity and for allantoic fluid were found to be 1,96 ± 0,27 and 1,0, respectively. These evaluations can be used as normal values in order to evaluate fetal well-being.

Cross-culture outcomes of a brazilian professor Fulbright in the USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (50) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Marcelo Da Silva Leite ◽  
Celeste Gaia
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
College And University ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Curriculum ◽  
Fulbright Scholar ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Higher Education Costs

Over the past decade due the expansion of globalization there has been an increasing emphasis on internationalization among faculty, administration and accrediting agencies in the Higher Education.  Although to promote internationalization in the Higher Education, costs are a big challenge, one way to have the international actions with low cost, it is seeking for grants from different governmental agencies and foundations.The Fulbright Scholar program provides a long-standing and externally-funded means for internationalizing college and university curriculum. This article is going to share the perspective   of a Brazilian Fulbright Scholar at an American college and the institution perspective of the Fulbright scholar participation at the College.

Dual Nickel/Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling Reactions Between Two Phenol Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojian Xiong ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Yin Wei ◽  
Søren Kramer ◽  
Zhong Lian
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Phenol Derivatives ◽  
Cross Coupling Reactions ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
One Step ◽  
Aryl Tosylates ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Cross-coupling between substrates that can be easily derived from phenols is highly attractive due to the abundance and low cost of phenols. Here, we report a dual nickel/palladium-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling between aryl tosylates and aryl triflates; both substrates can be accessed in just one step from readily available phenols. The reaction has a broad functional group tolerance and substrate scope (>60 examples). Furthermore, it displays low sensitivity to steric effects demonstrated by the synthesis of a 2,2’disubstituted biaryl and a fully substituted aryl product. The widespread presence of phenols in natural products and pharmaceuticals allow for straightforward late-stage functionalization, illustrated with examples such as Ezetimibe and tyrosine. NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations indicate that the nickel catalyst is responsible for activating the aryl triflate, while the palladium catalyst preferentially reacts with the aryl tosylate.

Front-line Healthcare Workers in COVID-19: The Way from Elbow-Bump Greeting to Closing Body Bags

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa

COVID-19 is a serious coronavirus disease that is spreading all over the world. As of the date of this publication, 2.834.134 people have been infected with COVID-19 and 197.924 deaths have been recorded in 185 countries (John Hopkins Corona Resource Center, 25th April 2020) [1]. This overwhelming mortality rate requires intensive research activities around the world. To date, the number of deaths per day in the United States is still killing, indicating an uncontrollable state of infection spread. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin II receptor in various tissues of the human body, particularly in the oral cavity and tongue. SARS-CoV-2 requires the cheerful TMPRSS2 to activate this inertia. SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor as a gateway to the lungs. The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds with the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor. COVID-19 is more common among African Americans in the USA (Science 10th April 2020). The comfort and the emotional loading capacity of the employees in the health service are key components for the maintenance of the essential health services during the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus (Coronavirus) [2,3]. Hence, it will be important to anticipate the charges linked with this work and to release support for employees in the health service. The supervision and assessment of the psychic health and the well-being of the employees in the health service will be important, just as the efforts to guarantee a successful reunion with colleagues if they are infected.

Feasibility study of technology-enabled prevention intervention for children and families (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Theofanopoulou ◽  
Katherine Isbister ◽  
Julian Edbrooke-Childs ◽  
Petr Slovák
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Object A ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Parents And Children

BACKGROUND A common challenge within psychiatry and prevention science more broadly is the lack of effective, engaging, and scale-able mechanisms to deliver psycho-social interventions for children, especially beyond in-person therapeutic or school-based contexts. Although digital technology has the potential to address these issues, existing research on technology-enabled interventions for families remains limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of in-situ deployments of a low-cost, bespoke prototype, which has been designed to support children’s in-the-moment emotion regulation efforts. This prototype instantiates a novel intervention model that aims to address the existing limitations by delivering the intervention through an interactive object (a ‘smart toy’) sent home with the child, without any prior training necessary for either the child or their carer. This pilot study examined (i) engagement and acceptability of the device in the homes during 1 week deployments; and (ii) qualitative indicators of emotion regulation effects, as reported by parents and children. METHODS In this qualitative study, ten families (altogether 11 children aged 6-10 years) were recruited from three under-privileged communities in the UK. The RA visited participants in their homes to give children the ‘smart toy’ and conduct a semi-structured interview with at least one parent from each family. Children were given the prototype, a discovery book, and a simple digital camera to keep at home for 7-8 days, after which we interviewed each child and their parent about their experience. Thematic analysis guided the identification and organisation of common themes and patterns across the dataset. In addition, the prototypes automatically logged every interaction with the toy throughout the week-long deployments. RESULTS Across all 10 families, parents and children reported that the ‘smart toy’ was incorporated into children’s emotion regulation practices and engaged with naturally in moments children wanted to relax or calm down. Data suggests that children interacted with the toy throughout the duration of the deployment, found the experience enjoyable, and all requested to keep the toy longer. Child emotional connection to the toy—caring for its ‘well-being’—appears to have driven this strong engagement. Parents reported satisfaction with and acceptability of the toy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known study investigation of the use of object-enabled intervention delivery to support emotion regulation in-situ. The strong engagement and qualitative indications of effects are promising – children were able to use the prototype without any training and incorporated it into their emotion regulation practices during daily challenges. Future work is needed to extend this indicative data with efficacy studies examining the psychological efficacy of the proposed intervention. More broadly, our findings suggest the potential of a technology-enabled shift in how prevention interventions are designed and delivered: empowering children and parents through ‘child-led, situated interventions’, where participants learn through actionable support directly within family life, as opposed to didactic in-person workshops and a subsequent skills application.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Landscape Architecture for Human Health and Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Brown ◽  
Robert C. Corry
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The People ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health And Well Being

More than 80% of the people in the USA and Canada live in cities. Urban development replaces natural environments with built environments resulting in limited access to outdoor environments which are critical to human health and well-being. In addition, many urban open spaces are unused because of poor design. This paper describes case studies where traditional landscape architectural design approaches would have compromised design success, while evidence-based landscape architecture (EBLA) resulted in a successful product. Examples range from school-yard design that provides safe levels of solar radiation for children, to neighborhood parks and sidewalks that encourage people to walk and enjoy nearby nature. Common characteristics for integrating EBLA into private, public, and academic landscape architecture practice are outlined along with a discussion of some of the opportunities and barriers to implementation.

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