scholarly journals Locomotor activity of professional football referees

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Y.V. Manilo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Moderate Pace ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Premier League ◽  
European Football

Purpose : To study the structure of the motor activity of foreign (European) football referees qualifications and Ukrainian arbitrators (Premier League, the first, second league). The objectives of the study was to determine the amount and direction of the motor activity of soccer referees. Also perform a comparative analysis of the motor activity of football referees of different qualifications in Europe and Ukraine. Material : The study involved 38 referees - soccer referees first, second, of the Premier League with the different regions of Ukraine, as well as foreign arbitrators FIFA. Results : It was found that in the period of the motor activity of the arbitrator was walking - 13.0% of the total distance when moving, running at a moderate pace - 67.4%, accelerating - 16.7%, jumps - 2.9%. Average per match referee overcomes distance 8970.2 m: foreign arbitrators - 12,030.0 m., Arbitrators Premier League - 9292.5 m., 1 league - 7530.0 m., 2 leagues - 7028.3 m. Ukrainian Premier League referees are inferior to move moderate jogging foreign arbitrators FIFA respectively - 6,425.0 m (69.1%) and 9615.3 m (79.9%). Conclusions : The results of the research showed that the magnitude of motor activity during football matches in professional arbitrators may be different. It depends on their physical fitness Championship (competition), the league, the level of the teams playing, the nature of the intensity of the match. The arbitrator must remain near the gaming moments to control them and prevent possible confrontation.

scholarly journals Sustainable Innovation in Football Referee Training in Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2821
Author(s):  
Kun Ai ◽  
Racek Oldrich ◽  
Hai Tan ◽  
Peng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
International Level ◽  
Sustainable Innovation

Professional football has been recently characterized by an increase in game speed and complexity. From this, it follows that football referees also need to improve their skills to keep up with players and adequately respond in various disputed situations. The purpose of this work is to increase the performance indicators of physical fitness and activity of referees during the annual cycle. Most referees prefer the game method. For a football referee or referee’s assistant during a game, physical activity is similar to that of runners/athletes. Football referees are engaged in performance that is more intense, as compared to their assistants, at the international level especially. Such conditions are close to extreme and are characterized by an intense physical load dictated by game duration. This study suggested using athletics in comprehensive sustainable training of football referees. As it turned out, athletics-based training significantly improved the motor activity of football referees.

scholarly journals Technical-Tactical Performance from Data Providers: A Systematic Review in Regular Football Leagues

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10167
Author(s):  
Fernando Manuel Otero-Saborido ◽  
Rubén D. Aguado-Méndez ◽  
Víctor M. Torreblanca-Martínez ◽  
José Antonio González-Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Predictive Analyses

In recent years, the number of technology companies providing data to football teams has multiplied. At first, the provided information focused more on physical fitness parameters, but today, ever more data is being generated on technical-tactical performance. The objective of this study was to review the studies on technical-tactical variables based on the information offered by data providers from every country’s regular elite league championship. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. A total of 31 studies were selected. LaLiga (27.91%) and the Premier League (18.60%) were the most studied competitions. Amisco was the company with the largest number of studies (54.84%). Descriptive studies (58.06%) predominated over comparative (22.58%) and predictive analyses (19.05%). “Style of play”, “contextual variables” (descriptive analysis), and “demarcation” (comparative analysis) were the most used objectives in the 28 studies reviewed.

scholarly journals Exercise Intensity and Technical Involvement in U9 Team Handball: Effect of Game Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5663
Author(s):  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
Rasmus C. Ellegard ◽  
Vincenzo Rago ◽  
Morten B. Randers ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Game Format

The purpose of this study was to quantify the exercise intensity and technical involvement of U9 boys’ and girls’ team handball during different game formats, and the differences between genders. Locomotor activity (total distance, distance in speed zones, accelerations, and decelerations), heart rate (HR), and technical involvement (shots, goals, and duels) metrics were collected during various 15 min game formats from a total of 57 Danish U9 players (37 boys and 20 girls). Game formats were a small size pitch (20 × 13 m) with 3 vs 3 players and offensive goalkeepers (S3 + 1) and 4 vs 4 players (S4), a medium size pitch (25.8 × 20 m) with 4 vs 4 (M4) and 5 vs 5 (M5) players, and a large size pitch (40 × 20 m) with 5 vs 5 (L5) players. Boys and girls covered a higher total distance (TD) of high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting during L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.05; ES = (−0.9 to −2.1), (−1.4 to −2.8), and (−0.9 to −1.3) respectively). Players covered the highest amount of sprinting distance in L5 games compared to all other game formats (p < 0.01; ES = 0.8 to 1.4). In all the game formats, players spent from 3.04 to 5.96 min in 180–200 bpm and 0.03 min to 0.85 min in >200 bpm of the total 15 min. In addition, both genders had more shots in S3 + 1 than M5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.0 (0.4;1.7)) and L5 (p < 0.01; ES = 1.1 (0.6;2.2)). Team handball matches have high heart rates, total distances covered, and high-intensity running distances for U9 boys and girls irrespective of the game format. Locomotor demands appeared to be even higher when playing on larger pitches, whereas the smaller pitch size and fewer players led to elevated technical involvement.

scholarly journals INDICATORS OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR FOOTBALL PLAYERS’ MIGRATION IN LEADING EUROPEAN LEAGUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Eduard Sobol ◽  
Andrii Svatyev ◽  
Eduard Doroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Financial Fair Play ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Transfer Cost ◽  
European Football ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Generalization Of Data

Introduction. Modern football is characterized by increasing trends in migration and transfer activity in the leading European football leagues and a decrease in the number of students of their own children's and youth academies of the leading football clubs of the European Championships for the period 2009-2019. The aim of the study is to investigate and determine the level of financial support for the migration of qualified players in leading European clubs on the basis of their transfer activities (according to open sources). Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature sources and the Internet, pedagogical observations, content analysis of materials of official websites of football clubs, UEFA and FIFA, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. In the «TOP-20» ranking of leading European football clubs at the end of 2019 in terms of total transfer costs, which determine the migration of qualified players, there is the following distribution: «Barclays Premier League» (England) – 8 football clubs (40%) with transfer costs € 4,726 million (43,40%); «Liga de Futbol Profesional, Primera Division» (Spain) – 4 football clubs (20%) with transfer costs of 2415 million € (22,17%); «Lega Nazionale Professionisti Serie A TIM» (Italy) – 4 football clubs (20%) with transfer costs of € 1,816 million (16,67%); «Le championnat de France de football» (France) – 2 football clubs (10%) with transfer costs of 1261 million € (11,58%); «Fußball-Bundesliga» (Germany) – 2 football clubs (10%) with a transfer cost of € 673 million (6,18%). Conclusions. Analysis of the structure of profits «TOP-20» ranking of leading European clubs, shows that the average is: about 44% – the sale of rights to telecast competitions, about 40% – advertising revenue and about 16% is the share of revenue from tickets and season tickets. Indicators of financial activity of leading European football clubs are monitored by UEFA and FIFA programs for compliance with the requirements and criteria of financial «Fair Play».

scholarly journals FINANCIAL VALUE OF UKRAINIAN PREMIER LEAGUE CLUBS IN RELATIONSHIP WITH FOOTBALL MIGRATION INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-195
Author(s):  
Sobol Eduard ◽  
Svatyev Andrii
Keyword(s):  
Football Players ◽  
Professional Football ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Football Clubs ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Generalization Of Data

Introduction. Indicators of financial and economic support and migration of football players create preconditions for the formation of a highly competitive sports environment in professional football clubs and in the Ukrainian Premier League. The aim of the study is to analyze the quantitative indicators of migration of football players in the Ukrainian Premier League in relation to the financial and economic support of professional football clubs and to systematize the results. Materials and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature sources and the Internet, pedagogical observations, content analysis of materials of official sites of professional football clubs of the Ukrainian Premier League, official sites of the Ukrainian Football Association and the Ukrainian Premier League, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The relationship between the financial value of Ukrainian athletes and migrant footballers, who are declared in the competition of the Ukrainian Premier League of the season 2021-2022, is analyzed. Conclusions. Analysis of the financial value of professional football clubs of the Ukrainian Premier League in relation to the migration of football players allows us to state that the leaders of the sports rating are the most financially capable teams: «Shakhtar» (Donetsk) and «Dynamo» (Kyiv), with a total the transfer value of the players is € 179,700,000 and € 136,100,000 respectively. The average cost of a migrant player in the leading professional football clubs of the Ukrainian Premier League «Shakhtar» (Donetsk) is 8,800,000 €, «Dynamo» (Kyiv) ‒ 3,420,000 €. Analysis of the transfer value of domestic athletes and migrant footballers in the application letters of the Ukrainian Premier League shows the absence of direct and inverse linear relationships, which suggests the presence of complex multilevel dependencies that require processing by more complex mathematical and statistical methods and preliminary grouping of available experimental data

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of physical fitness levels between elderly farmers and urban dwellers.

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soonchang Sung ◽  
Man-Gyoon Lee ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Fitness Levels

scholarly journals Peculiarities of the use of volleyball means in groups of sports improvement of students of higher education institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
S. Abramov ◽  
D. Tomashevsky
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
And Training

The article considers the peculiarities of the use of volleyball in groups of sports improvement of students of higher education institutions. The current state of physical fitness of student youth is characterized. The need to improve the system of sports training of volleyball students in connection with changes in government, structural, logistical, economic conditions, the need to educate young people in a healthy lifestyle, one of the main factors of which should be daily exercise . It is established that the existing system of physical education of students on the basis of traditional provisions of current organizational and methodological programs does not provide fully effective rehabilitation, education and upbringing of students from the standpoint of conscious mandatory motor activity and personal needs in solving important tasks of personal development. The reforms carried out in the modern system of higher education have deeply affected the physical education of student youth. The most important role in the general and professional development of students of higher education institutions belongs to physical education, both as a discipline and as one of the subsystems of the holistic pedagogical process. One of the ways to solve this problem is to reorient the target programs of different types of physical culture to meet the needs of personal orientations, interests and personal goals of each student, more fully take into account the level of physical development and physical fitness, targeted use of training loads. It is for each of the cultivated types of sports activities in higher education institutions it is necessary to develop a goal, objectives, tools, forms and a comprehensive educational and training complex. This becomes possible only on the basis of the development and application of new educational and training technologies aimed at conscious motor activity of female students of higher education institutions in the chosen sport.

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