Ultrathin TiB2 protective films

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Huang ◽  
John A. Barnard ◽  
Mark L. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Magnetic Layer ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Protective Films ◽  
The Many ◽  
Protective Overcoats

TiB2 thin films demonstrate considerable potential for use as protective overcoats in the magnetic recording industry due to their excellent mechanical and tribological properties and good chemical and thermal stability. In the many studies performed on TiB2 films, the relative effectiveness of ultrathin TiB2 films has not been systematically investigated for very thin TiB2 films. In the present investigation, film stress and microstructure in as-sputtered and annealed ultrathin TiB2 films were investigated as a function of thickness. Ultrathin TiB2 films, as thin as 5 nm, were observed to adequately protect an underlying magnetic layer from oxidation up to 400 °C.

Aerospace Simulation and Human Performance Research

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The Many ◽  
Performance Research

The many large-scale aerospace simulation facilities now available offer considerable potential for the generation of data on human performance that can be used in systems engineering design efforts. To realize this potential requires an understanding of the methodological limitations imposed by the basic characteristics of human performance, the application of efficient organizational techniques, and the development of more efficient techniques of experiment planning, design, and execution.

Using decision analysis to select alternate modes of dispensing: An example from Los Angeles County Public Health

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sinan Khan, MPH, MA ◽  
Anke Richter, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Health Maintenance Organization ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
The Many

Objective: To comply with the Center for Disease Control’s mass prophylaxis mandates, many public health jurisdictions must supplement their existing Points of Dispensing (POD)-based system. Because of limited budgets and personnel availability, only one or two alternatives out of the many potential options can be implemented.Design: Multicriteria decision analysis is a powerful tool that allows public health officials to assess the relative effectiveness of alternate modes of dispensing while incorporating the opinions of their multidisciplinary emergency response planning teams.Setting: This process was utilized to analyze the effectiveness of alternate modes of dispensing that could be used to supplement the existing POD system within the Los Angeles County (LAC) Department of Public Health (DPH).Results: The top two options for LAC were prepositioning for civil service and partnership with a major Health Maintenance Organization. These choices were stable under a variety of sensitivity analyses, and the differences in opinion between the agencies and other stakeholders do not change them.Conclusions: The transparency of the model and analysis may allow decision makers and planners in the LAC DPH to garner support for their alternate modes of dispensing plans. By making the decision criteria clear and demonstrating the robustness of the results in the sensitivity analyses, public health partners gain a deeper understanding of the issues and their potential roles. The process can be repeated by any jurisdiction, but definition of “best” will rely on the issues and gaps that are identified with the jurisdiction’s POD plan for mass prophylaxis.

Thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide 6 matrix composites containing different carbon nanofillers

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nay Win Khun ◽  
Henry Kuo Feng Cheng ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Erjia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Carbon Filler ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbon Fillers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract Polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix composites were prepared by incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or by co-incorporating MWCNTs and carbon black (CB) of different contents. The thermal, mechanical and tribological properties of the composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, nano-indentation, ball-on-disc micro-tribological test and micro-scratch test. It was found that a proper carbon filler content in the composites promoted the thermal stability of the composites, but an excessive loading of carbon fillers degraded the thermal stability of the composites. Although the hardness of the composites decreased with increased carbon filler content, the composites filled with mixed MWCNTs and CB had a higher load bearing capacity than the ones without CB. The tribological results indicated that the increased carbon filler content apparently lowered the friction coefficient of the composites due to the lubricating effect of the carbon fillers. It was also observed that the friction coefficients of the PA6-MWCNT-CB composites were consistently higher than those of the PA6-MWCNT composites due to the lower wear resistance of the PA6-MWCNT-CB composites. The scratch resistance of the composites decreased with increased carbon filler content due to the reduced cohesive strength of the composites.

scholarly journals Impact of Annealing on Magnetic Properties and Structure of Co40Fe40W20 Thin Films on Si(100) Substrate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3017
Author(s):  
Wen-Jen Liu ◽  
Yung-Huang Chang ◽  
Yuan-Tsung Chen ◽  
Tian-Yi Jhou ◽  
Ying-Hsuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Layer ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Annealing Conditions ◽  
Thermal Disturbance ◽  
Alternative Current

Co40Fe40W20 monolayers of different thicknesses were deposited on Si(100) substrates by DC magnetron sputtering, with Co40Fe40W20 thicknesses from 10 to 50 nm. Co40Fe40W20 thin films were annealed at three conditions (as-deposited, 250 °C, and 350 °C) for 1 h. The structural and magnetic properties were then examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-frequency alternative-current magnetic susceptibility (χac), and an alternating-gradient magnetometer (AGM). The XRD results showed that the CoFe (110) peak was located at 2θ = 44.6°, but the metal oxide peaks appeared at 2θ = 38.3, 47.6, 54.5, and 56.3°, corresponding to Fe2O3 (320), WO3 (002), Co2O3 (422), and Co2O3 (511), respectively. The saturation magnetization (Ms) was calculated from the slope of the magnetization (M) versus the CoFeW thickness. The Ms values calculated in this manner were 648, 876, 874, and 801 emu/cm3 at the as-deposited condition and post-annealing conditions at 250, 350, and 400 °C, respectively. The maximum MS was about 874 emu/cm3 at a thickness of 50 nm following annealing at 350 °C. It indicated that the MS and the χac values rose as the CoFeW thin films’ thickness increased. Owing to the thermal disturbance, the MS and χac values of CoFeW thin films after annealing at 350 °C were comparatively higher than at other annealing temperatures. More importantly, the Co40Fe40W20 films exhibited a good thermal stability. Therefore, replacing the magnetic layer with a CoFeW film improves thermal stability and is beneficial for electrode and strain gauge applications.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on the Fabrication of Silver Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renyun Zhang ◽  
Magnus Engholm
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many

Transparent electrodes (TEs) made of metallic nanowires, such as Ag, Au, Cu, and Ni, have attracted rising attention for several reasons: 1) they can act as a substitute for tin oxide-based TEs such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO); 2) various methods exist for fabricating such TEs such as filtration, spraying and meyer bar coating; 3) greater compatibility with different substrates can be achieved due to the variety of fabrication methods; and 4) extra functions in addition to serving as electrodes, such as catalytic abilities, can be obtained due to the metals that compose the TEs. There are a large number of applications for TEs, ranging from electronics and sensors to biomedical devices. This short review is a summary of recent progress, mainly during the past five years, on silver nanowire-based TEs. The focus of the review will be on theory development, mechanical, chemical and thermal stability and optical properties. The many applications of TEs are outside the scope of this review.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on the Fabrication and Properties of Silver Nanowire-Based Transparent Electrodes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renyun Zhang ◽  
Magnus Engholm
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many

Transparent electrodes (TEs) made of metallic nanowires, such as Ag, Au, Cu, and Ni, are attracting increasing attention for several reasons: (1) they can act as a substitute for tin oxide-based TEs such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO); (2) various methods exist for fabricating such TEs such as filtration, spraying, and Meyer bar coating; (3) greater compatibility with different substrates can be achieved due to the variety of fabrication methods; and (4) extra functions in addition to serving as electrodes, such as catalytic abilities, can be obtained due to the metals of which the TEs are composed. There are a large number of applications for TEs, ranging from electronics and sensors to biomedical devices. This short review is a summary of recent progress, mainly over the past five years, on silver nanowire-based TEs. The focus of the review is on theory development, mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability as well as optical properties. The many applications of TEs are outside the scope of this review.

Thermal Stability of the TiSi2 Film Under the Dielectric Capping Layer

1993 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.W. Kim ◽  
N.I. Lee ◽  
S.T. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Dielectric Film ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
High Temperature Annealing ◽  
Titanium Disilicide ◽  
Capping Layer ◽  
Diffusional Flow ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anneal Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTThe thermal stability of titanium disilicide (TiSi2) film under dielectric capping layers was studied. Dielectric capping layers prevent changes in sheet resistance and the film stress of the TiSi2 film during annealing at 900°C. The enhancement of thermal stability of the TiSi2 film was dependent on the nature of dielectric; thermal stability of the TiSi2 film was enhanced more effectively by the plasma-enhanced silicon nitride (PE-SiN) capping layer rather than the undoped silicate glass (USG; S1O2) capping layer. The dependence of thermal stability of the TiSi2 film with the nature of dielectrics was due to the difference in stress of dielectrics at anneal temperature. At 900°C, stress of the USG film was nearly twice of that of the PE-SiN film. Agglomeration of the TiSi2 film under the dielectric capping layer at high temperature annealing can be explained by a diffusional flow of atoms called Nabarro-Herring Microcreep. As the size of Ti-polycide lines becomes smaller, the nature of the dielectric film on the TiSi2 film will be more important for achieving thermal stability.

scholarly journals Macromolecular Crowding Enhances Catalytic Efficiency and Stability of α-Amylase

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Kant Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Macromolecular Crowding ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Crowding Effect ◽  
Functional Attributes ◽  
Marginal Change ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the macromolecular crowding effect on functional attributes of α-amylase. High concentrations of sugar based cosolvents, (e.g., trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, and glycerol) were used to mimic the macromolecular crowding environment (of cellular milieu) under in vitro conditions. To assess the effect of macromolecular crowding, the activity and structural properties of the enzyme were evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of the above cosolvents. Based on the results it is suggested that the macromolecular crowding significantly improves the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme with marginal change in the structure. Out of four cosolvents examined, trehalose was found to be the most effective in consistently enhancing thermal stability of the enzyme. Moreover, the relative effectiveness of the above cosolvents was found to be dependent on their concentration used.

scholarly journals The many obstacles to effective giving

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Caviola ◽  
Stefan Schubert ◽  
Jason Nemirow
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Know How ◽  
Effective Altruism ◽  
The Many

When people give to charity, they rarely give to the charities that do the most good per dollar. Why is this? One possibility is that they do not know how to give effectively. Another possibility is that they are not motivated to give effectively. Across six tasks (Studies 1a, 1b), we find that there is truth to both explanations. People have multiple misconceptions that affect the effectiveness of their giving, including about disaster relief, overhead costs, donation splitting, and the relative effectiveness of local and foreign charities. Similarly, they are unfamiliar with the most effective charities (Studies 2a, 2b). Debunking these misconceptions and informing people about the most effective charities makes them donate more effectively. However, to a certain extent people continue to give ineffectively even when informed how to give effectively. This is because they have preferences for ineffective charities: they want to donate to a charity they feel emotionally connected to even when they know that it is less effective. By contrast, members of the effective altruism movement, who are committed to effective giving, give effectively across all tasks. They neither have misconceptions nor preferences for ineffective charities (Study 3). Taken together, our studies show that only when people are both correctly informed and motivated to donate effectively will they consistently give to effective charities.

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