Directional Growth of Si Nanowires on Insulating Films by Electric-Field-Assisted Metal-Induced Lateral Crystallization

2005 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kanno ◽  
Atsushi Kenjo ◽  
Taizoh Sadoh ◽  
Masanobu Miyao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Si Nanowires ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Directional Growth ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lateral Crystallization

ABSTRACTMetal-induced lateral crystallization of amorphous Si has been investigated under a wide range of electric fields (0-4000 V/cm). In the low field region (<100 V/cm), lateral growth velocity at the cathode side was enhanced by applying an electric field. This achieved formation of poly-Si with a large area (∼50 μm) during low-temperature annealing (525°C, 25 h). When the electric field exceeded 100 V/cm, the lateral growth velocity decreased with increasing the electric field strength. Under the extremely high electric field (>2000 V/cm), directional growth aligned to the electric field was observed. This new findings will be a powerful tool to achieve new poly-Si with highly controlled structures.

A New Field-Aided Germanium-Induced Lateral Crystallization of Silicon

2001 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kianoush Naeli ◽  
Shamsoddin Mohajerzadeh ◽  
Ali Khakifirooz ◽  
Saber Haji ◽  
Ebrahim A. Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Annealing Temperatures ◽  
Lateral Crystallization ◽  
Si Films ◽  
First Time ◽  
Induced Crystallization

ABSTRACTThe effect of an electric field on germanium-seeded lateral crystallization of a-Si is studied for the first time and compared to this effect in Ni-induced lateral growth. While the crystallization rate is lower when Ge is used as the nucleation seed and annealing should be done at higher temperatures, filed-aided crystallization shows a similar behavior to that observed for Ni-induced crystallization. Optical microscopy results indicate that grain growth starting from the negative electrode occurs in Si films at annealing temperatures higher than 480°C, while the applied electric field ranges form 200 to 1400V/cm. SEM was also used to confirm the crystallinity of the films.

Development of PEF extraction technology by Maguin

2015 ◽  
pp. 758-760
Author(s):  
Romain Delecourt ◽  
Loïc Marsal
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Application System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type Machine

Maguin (France) is still active in the application of pulsed electric field (PEF) technology. After having carried out successful tests on a 10 t/h pilot screw-type machine on sugar beet cossettes, a new application system based on a roller technology has been developed. This technology allows a wide range of application due to its flexibility with flowrates and materials. A variety of process schemes are proposed to ensure the best performance of the PEF technology.

Heterocycle Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fesatidou ◽  
Anthi Petrou ◽  
Geronikaki Athina
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms

Background: Bacterial infections are a growing problem worldwide causing morbidity and mortality mainly in developing countries. Moreover, the increased number of microorganisms, developing multiple resistances to known drugs, due to abuse of antibiotics, is another serious problem. This problem becomes more serious for immunocompromised patients and those who are often disposed to opportunistic fungal infections. Objective: The objective of this manuscript is to give an overview of new findings in the field of antimicrobial agents among five-membered heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds especially five-membered attracted the interest of the scientific community not only for their occurrence in nature but also due to their wide range of biological activities. Method: To reach our goal, a literature survey that covers the last decade was performed. Results: As a result, recent data on the biological activity of thiazole, thiazolidinone, benzothiazole and thiadiazole derivatives are mentioned. Conclusion: It should be mentioned that despite the progress in the development of new antimicrobial agents, there is still room for new findings. Thus, research still continues.

New insights on Laminaria digitata ultrastructure through combined conventional chemical fixation and cryofixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Katsaros ◽  
Sophie Le Panse ◽  
Gillian Milne ◽  
Carl J. Carrano ◽  
Frithjof Christian Küpper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The objective of the present study is to examine the fine structure of vegetative cells of Laminaria digitata using both chemical fixation and cryofixation. Laminaria digitata was chosen due to its importance as a model organism in a wide range of biological studies, as a keystone species on rocky shores of the North Atlantic, its use of iodide as a unique inorganic antioxidant, and its significance as a raw material for the production of alginate. Details of the fine structural features of vegetative cells are described, with particular emphasis on the differences between the two methods used, i.e. conventional chemical fixation and freeze-fixation. The general structure of the cells was similar to that already described, with minor differences between the different cell types. An intense activity of the Golgi system was found associated with the thick external cell wall, with large dictyosomes from which numerous vesicles and cisternae are released. An interesting type of cisternae was found in the cryofixed material, which was not visible with the chemical fixation. These are elongated structures, in sections appearing tubule-like, close to the external cell wall or to young internal walls. An increased number of these structures was observed near the plasmodesmata of the pit fields. They are similar to the “flat cisternae” found associated with the forming cytokinetic diaphragm of brown algae. Their possible role is discussed. The new findings of this work underline the importance of such combined studies which reveal new data not known until now using the old conventional methods. The main conclusion of the present study is that cryofixation is the method of choice for studying Laminaria cytology by transmission electron microscopy.

Gate Oxide Instability and Lifetime in SiC MOSFETs under a Wide Range of Positive Electric Field Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Noguchi ◽  
A. Koyama ◽  
T. Iwamatsu ◽  
H. Amishiro ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Gate Oxide ◽  
Field Stress ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals The Growth of Semiconductor Thin Films Studied by RHEED

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
GL Price
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Growth Modes ◽  
Semiconductor Thin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in the growth of semiconductor thin films are reviewed. The emphasis is on growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Results obtained by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) are employed to describe the different kinds of growth processes and the types of materials which can be constructed. MBE is routinely capable of heterostructure growth to atomic precision with a wide range of materials including III-V, IV, II-VI semiconductors, metals, ceramics such as high Tc materials and organics. As the growth proceeds in ultra high vacuum, MBE can take advantage of surface science techniques such as Auger, RHEED and SIMS. RHEED is the essential in-situ probe since the final crystal quality is strongly dependent on the surface reconstruction during growth. RHEED can also be used to calibrate the growth rate, monitor growth kinetics, and distinguish between various growth modes. A major new area is lattice mismatched growth where attempts are being made to construct heterostructures between materials of different lattice constants such as GaAs on Si. Also described are the new techniques of migration enhanced epitaxy and tilted superlattice growth. Finally some comments are given On the means of preparing large area, thin samples for analysis by other techniques from MBE grown films using capping, etching and liftoff.

Electric-Field-Responsive Handle for Large-Area Orientation of Discotic Liquid-Crystalline Molecules in Millimeter-Thick Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 123 (34) ◽  
pp. 8011-8015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daigo Miyajima ◽  
Fumito Araoka ◽  
Hideo Takezoe ◽  
Jungeun Kim ◽  
Kenichi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Large Area

scholarly journals Settlement process of radioactive dust to the ground inferred from the atmospheric electric field measurement

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamauchi ◽  
M. Takeda ◽  
M. Makino ◽  
T. Owada ◽  
I. Miyagi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Radioactive Dust ◽  
Cloudy Weather

Abstract. Radioactive materials from the accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FNPP) in March 2011 spread over a large area, increasing the atmospheric electric conductivity by their ionizing effect, and reducing the vertical (downward) component of the DC electric field near the ground, or potential gradient (PG). PG data at Kakioka, 150 km away from the FNPP, showed independent changes compared to the radiation dose rate, and a comparison of these data revealed the local dynamics of the radioactive dust. (1) The initial drop of the PG to almost zero during 14–15 March is most likely due to radioactive dust suspended in the air near the ground during cloudy weather. (2) An episode of PG increase to more than 50 V m−1 on 16 March is most likely due to the re-suspension of the radioactive dust from the surface and subsequent removal from Kakioka by the strong wind from the non-contaminated area. (3) Low but finite values of the PG during 16–20 March most likely reflect a reduced amount of radioactive material near the ground after the above wind transported away the majority of the suspended radioactive dust. (4) Very low values of the PG after substantial rain on 20–22 March most likely reflect settlement of the radioactive material by rain-induced fallout. (5) Temporal recovery of daily variations from the end of March to the middle of April with low nighttime fair-weather baseline PG most likely reflects re-suspension of the radioactive dust into the air from the ground and trees, and subsequent transport to the other region or fallout to the ground until late April. (6) Weakening of the daily variation and gradual recovery of the nighttime fair-weather baseline after mid-April suggests a complete settlement of the radioactive material to the ground with partial migration to the subsurface.

A Preliminary Study on Saving Parking Lot

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3628-3631
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Wei Xian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Parking Lots ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Preliminary Study

Along with the development of society and the popularity of private cars, more and more parking lots are to be needed. Consequently, large sized parking lots will be built in many cities. But the traditional parking lots were paved by a large area of concrete. So much concrete will be bound to create heat pollution. Meanwhile, a large area of parking lot occupies mass openspace. The existing parking lots lead to a waste of resources. This paper introduces a new term of saving parking lot and presents some key principles that stem from a wide range of contributions. The newfashioned parking lot may also give rise to the sustainable development.

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