Standards Development for the Characterization of Quantum Dot Suspensions and Solids

2009 ◽  
Vol 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Davis ◽  
Seth Coe-Sullivan ◽  
Oleg Shchekin ◽  
K.C. Mishra ◽  
Madis Raukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractLuminescent nanoparticles such as quantum dots (QDs) are beginning to appear in SSL devices and other commercial products. The allure of QDs in SSL these applications is the potential to provide enhanced device performance (e.g., improved energy efficiency, better color rendering properties, etc.) than is possible with conventional technologies. When used in SSL and other applications, QDs are typically incorporated into or coated onto a solid organic or inorganic matrix and then are excited using external stimuli (e.g., blue light with a maximum wavelength of 450 nm). This structure is vastly different from the colloidal environment in which QDs are typically synthesized and characterized. Bridging the gap between the measurements typically acquired by QD providers and those needed by potential end-users is currently difficult due to the absence of agreed upon standard test methods. Measurements taken in colloidal QD suspensions often do not translate to solid-phase material characterizations due to a variety of factors including sample preparation methods (e.g., temperature, solvents, etc), QD concentrations, and effects arising from the presence of the solid matrix. Additionally, solid samples are more likely to exhibit diffuse reflectance and/or diffuse transmittance necessitating the use of an integrating sphere and a computer-controlled spectrometer to acquire accurate readings. This paper discusses the development of a standard test method to measure the quantum efficiency of QDs contained in solid organic and inorganic matrices. This standard is being developed under the auspices of the International Electrotechnical Commission, Technical Committee 113 on Nano-electrotechnologies.

Round-Robin of High-Frequency Test Methods by IPC-D24C Task Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Glenn Oliver ◽  
Jonathan Weldon ◽  
Chudy Nwachukwu ◽  
John Andresakis ◽  
John Coonrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Industry Standard

Currently, there is no industry standard test method for measuring dielectric properties of circuit board materials at frequencies greater than ~10 GHz. Various material vendors and test laboratories apply different approaches to determine these properties. It is common for these different approaches to yield varying values of key properties such as permittivity and loss tangent. The D-24C Task Group of IPC has developed this round-robin program to assess these various methods from the “bottom up” to determine if standardized methods can be agreed upon to provide the industry with more accurate and valid characteristics of dielectrics used in high-frequency and high-speed applications.

scholarly journals An Innovative Test Method for Tensile Strength of Concrete by Applying the Strut-and-Tie Methodology

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Cheng Liao ◽  
Po-Shao Chen ◽  
Chung-Wen Hung ◽  
Suyash Kishor Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Tension Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Direct Tension Test ◽  
Strut And Tie ◽  
Tensile Strength Test

Tensile strength is one of the important mechanical properties of concrete, but it is difficult to measure accurately due to the brittle nature of concrete in tension. The three widely used test methods for measuring the tensile strength of concrete each have their shortcomings: the direct tension test equipment is not easy to set up, particularly for alignment, and there are no standard test specifications; the tensile strengths obtained from the test method of splitting tensile strength (American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C496) and that of flexural strength of concrete (ASTM C78) are significantly different from the actual tensile strength owing to mechanisms of methodologies and test setup. The objective of this research is to develop a new concrete tensile strength test method that is easy to conduct and the result is close to the direct tension strength. By applying the strut-and-tie concept and modifying the experimental design of the ASTM C78, a new concrete tensile strength test method is proposed. The test results show that the concrete tensile strength obtained by this proposed method is close to the value obtained from the direct tension test for concrete with compressive strengths from 25 to 55 MPa. It shows that this innovative test method, which is precise and easy to conduct, can be an effective alternative for tensile strength of concrete.

A Study on Improving the Adhesiveness between Granite and Asphalt by Nano-Scaled Calcium Carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Hong Hao ◽  
Yan Min Wang ◽  
Ai Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Highway Engineering ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Marshall Stability

Granite, due to the poor adhesiveness with asphalt, cannot be widely used as aggregate in asphalt pavement. In this study, nanoscaled calcium carbonate (CaCO3), was selected as modifier to modify asphalt. The adhesion of aggregate and asphalt was evaluated by Boiling test method and the Marshall Test and Immersion Marshall Test were conducted on asphalt concrete (AC-16) according to the Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixture for Highway Engineering (JTG E20-2011). The results showed that When the Doping content of CaCO3 (%) is 7%, the adhesion levels reached up to 5 grade and achieved the project requirements. The Immersion Marshall Stability (MS1) of AC-16 CaCO3 modified asphalt concrete can improve 27.6% than that the Matrix asphalt concrete.

Priorities for development of standard test methods to support the commercialization of cellulose nanomaterials

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE BECK ◽  
COLLEEN WALKER ◽  
WARREN BATCHELOR
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Physical And Chemical

With the growing number of producers and users of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs), there is an increasing need to develop standard test methods to control production and quality of CNMs. In 2014, a Task Group was formed within the ISO Technical Committee 6 Paper, board and pulps to begin addressing the need for standards. This Task Group, TG 1, was tasked with reviewing existing standards and identifying the need for additional standards to characterize CNMs. In March 2018, TG 1 launched a survey to ask CNM producers around the world about the importance of having standard procedures to measure and quantify a variety of CNM properties, both physical and chemical. Producers were asked to identify the type(s) of CNM they produced and their scale of production, and to rank the properties for which they felt standard test methods were most important. In this paper, we summarize the survey responses and identify those properties of highest interest for producers of both cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nano- and microfibril-based materials (CNFs/CMFs). Properties of importance can be divided into three broad groups: i) a standard has either been developed or is under development, ii) a currently used standard could be adapted for use with CNMs, or iii) no standard is currently available and further R&D and consultation with industry is needed before a suitable and well-validated standard can be developed. The paper also examines the challenges of developing new standard methods for some of the key properties—as well as the feasibility and limitations of adapting exiting standards—to CNMs.

scholarly journals Leaching of nanoparticles from nano-enabled products for the protection of cultural heritage surfaces: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brunelli ◽  
Loris Calgaro ◽  
Elena Semenzin ◽  
Virginia Cazzagon ◽  
Elisa Giubilato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Materials Used

AbstractThe development of highly innovative techniques and technologies to enhance performance and technical sustainability of materials used in the field of cultural heritage conservation is providing conservators with innovative nanocomposites materials, including protective coatings, by merging the performances of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) with conventional chemicals. However, the human health and environmental risks that may potentially arise from these new materials are still largely unknown, requiring an adequate assessment and management along their entire life cycle. Concerns could emerge due to the leaching of the material containing NPs or of the NPs alone, especially during their use (exposure of the treated object to, e.g., heavy or acid rain) and disposal (when the wasted product is processed in, e.g., waste water treatment plants). To date, no standard leaching test methods have been specifically developed for nano-enabled products, with the consequent lack of data on the NPs potential exposure also in the field of cultural heritage. Therefore, an extensive review over the last 10 years by querying to the Scopus database “nanoparticles”, “leaching” and “coatings” has been herein reported to clearly highlight (i) the standard test methods used or adapted to estimate the NPs leaching from nano-based coatings; (ii) the available studies in which the NPs leaching from nano-based coatings was estimated without following any specific standard test method; (iii) the works focusing on other nanocomposite materials performances than leaching, in which standard test methods were applied, potentially useful to indirectly estimate NPs leaching. All the information gathered by this bibliographic search have been used to identify the most promising leaching tests for NPs estimation to be applied in the field of cultural heritage, especially for both large, e.g., building façades, and small, e.g., bronze works of art, surface areas from which the leaching of nano-based materials could be significant in terms of human health and ecological risks, based also on the (eco)toxicity of the leachate. The derived information can thus ultimately support effective risk management of innovative nano-enabled products, including the implementation of Safe by Design approaches.

scholarly journals A Proposal of Standard Test Method for Frost Susceptibility of Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
T. Ono ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
Standard Test Method

A recommendation of a standard test method for frost susceptibility of soil is proposed. The recommendation is required in order to have a design technique of common and equivalent quality not only in domestic but international practice. This topic is one of the essential and current objectives of Technical Committee 216 (ISSMGE) and has been discussing to the present. The purpose of the proposed recommendation test method is defined, different methods from several countries are compared, necessary and common articles are selected and some items are specified to discuss. It is expected that this proposal would take a role to be a draft suggestion to promote discussion and achieve a final recommendation.

Model Tests for Evaluating the Impact of Low Viscosity Tailor-Made Biofuels on Tribological Contacts in Injection Pumps

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Heitzig ◽  
Alexander Weinebeck ◽  
Hubertus Murrenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Lubricity

In the scope of the cluster of excellence “Tailor-made Fuels from Biomass” new biofuels are developed within an interdisciplinary research approach at RWTH Aachen University. To ensure a safe and reliable functioning of the new fuels in combination with state of the art fuel injection equipment, every fuel has to fulfil requirements regarding its tribological performance, which depends on characteristics like dynamic viscosity and fuel lubricity. Hence, one focus of the cluster lies on the tribological characteristics of the fuel candidates. Biofuel candidates which have been investigated so far and which are suitable for the use in self-ignition engines as surrogates for fossil diesel fuel tend to have lower viscosities and show varying lubrication behaviour, compared to diesel. As a standard test method for diesel fuel lubricity the HFRR test is well established. Nevertheless, relying on the established diesel-pass/fail criterion, which is defined in several norms, is disputable, since the investigated biofuels differ strongly from modern diesel fuels. To identify the relevant fuel properties and to gain a more detailed understanding of the wear and friction processes within the critical contacts, results of different tribological test methods, including the HFRR test and a disc-on-disc tribometer, are presented, compared and discussed in this paper. In order to estimate the validity of the established HFRR pass/fail criterion for low viscosity biofuels the experimental results are compared to simulation outcomes of elasto-hydrodynamic simulations of the main tribological contacts in a standard common rail injection pump.

scholarly journals Development of Enhanced Test Methods to Evaluate Alkalisilica Reaction in Concrete

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Sinno
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Concrete Prism ◽  
Concrete Prism Test

Many preventive measures showed improved performance of concrete against alkali-silica reaction (ASR) based on the concrete prism test (CPT) described in the Canadian and American Standards, CSA A23.2-14A and ASTM C1293. However, research has shown that preventive measures that limited the 2-year expansion in the concrete prism test produced late expansion after 7-15 years when tested in the field. The objective of this research is to understand the possible reasons for this late expansion under field conditions and to come up with modified approach to determine the level of supplementary cementing materials (SCM) needed to mitigate the long-term expansion. The research mainly focuses on studying two possible reasons to explain the late expansion. The first reason is the rate and ultimate hydration of SCM, where their capacity to bind alkalis under CPT could be higher than those under field conditions. The other reason for the late expansion could be the geometry and size of the CPT samples which might reduce the expansion due to the excessive alkali leaching. Larger samples showed less leaching compared to standard prisms. 100-mm cylinders showed higher expansion than 75-mm standard prisms; however, both sample shapes showed similar expansions for one tested aggregate when used with SCM. In addition, the capacity of SCM to bind alkalis was shown to be higher at 38ºC compared to the other two tested temperatures investigated in this study: 23ºC and 60ºC. Samples with SCM at high replacement levels expanded more at 60ºC compared to 38ºC. Due to their reduced leaching compared to prisms, testing cylinders at 60ºC showed accelerated results reducing the testing duration to one year compared to the standard test duration of two years. Moreover, a new way to predict the minimum levels of SCM required to mitigate expansion due to alkali-silica reaction is presented showing better correlation with the field. Finally, a fast and reliable test method is suggested to evaluate the reactivity of mineral fillers by adapting and adopting the current test methods available for ASR testing.

scholarly journals SNI - 2491-2014

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subandi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Tensile Strength Test

This is the standard method of tensile strength test for split concrete cylindrical specimens issued by the Indonesian National Standard Board (SNI) of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) on "The tensile strength test method of cylindrical concrete specimens" is a revision of SNI 03-2491-2002, Testing methods the tensile strength of concrete. This standard is the result of identical adoption of ASTM C496 / C496M-04, Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. This standard was prepared by the 91-01 Technical Committee on Building Construction Materials and Civil Engineering through the Building Materials Working Group on the 91-01-S4 Technical Sub-Committee on Building Materials, Science and Construction. The writing procedures are compiled following the BSN Guideline Number 8 of 2007 and have been discussed in a consensus meeting on June 3, 2013, in Bandung, by a Technical Sub-Committee involving speakers, experts, and related institutions.

Corrosivity Test Methods for Polymeric Materials. Part 5- A Comparison of Four Test Methods

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Kessel ◽  
Charles E. Rogers ◽  
James G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Metal Loss ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Standard Test Method ◽  
Resis Tance

This is the fifth in a series of papers published by the Polyolefins Fire Performance Council, a unit of The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. In this paper, four test methods are compared for their ability to evaluate smoke corrosivity of polymeric materials: 1) the proposed ASTM E05.21.70 radiant combustion/exposure standard test method, 2) the CNET corrosivity test stan dard being reviewed by ISO (DIS 11907-2), 3) the DIN 57 472 acid gas test stan dard, and 4) the proposed ASTM D09.21.04 cone corrosimeter standard test method. The ASTM E05.21.70, CNET, and ASTM D09.21.04 test methods directly de termine the corrosive effects of combustion gases, as they measure the resis tance changes in copper circuit targets exposed to the gases. The ASTM tests report the resistance change in terms of metal loss and the CNET test reports the resistance change in terms of % corrosivity factor. The DIN test standard determines the conductivity and pH changes of aqueous solutions through which combustion gases are passed. Twenty-four polymeric materials were evaluated for smoke corrosivity by these four test methods, so that the test methods could be reliably compared based on results from many types of polymeric materials. The polymeric materials evaluated are commercially available and they cover a broad range of compositions used for wire and cable insulation and jacketing. The ASTM E05.21.70, CNET, DIN and ASTM D09.21.04 tests are evaluated based on several criteria. Each test is evaluated on the basis of precision, or whether the test is repeatable, and accuracy, or whether the test differentiates corrosive potentials consistent with the expectations based on the known chem istry of the material compositions. To also determine accuracy, the ASTM E05.21.70, CNET, and D09.21.04 test methods are compared to the DIN 57 472 test method, as this test and similar acid gas tests are accepted standards that have been historically used to measure corrosive potential. Recommendations are made for improving the proposed test methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document