Ion Implantation of Ti,Mo W,Mo+C and W+C in H13 Steel and Aluminum at Elevated Temperature

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Tonghe ◽  
Wei Fuzhong ◽  
Chen Jun ◽  
Zhang huixing ◽  
Zhang Xioji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Target Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Phases

ABSTRACTThe chemical change in the surface of H13 steel or aluminum is produced by implanting a reactive elements, such as Ti, Mo and W. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that implanted Ti at 400 C has reacted with carbon(0.35 in wt.%) forming a second phase TiC. Auger analysis shows that the carbon atoms have been condensed in the Ti implanted region. Carbon peak concentration of 30 At.% is greater than Ti atom peak concentration of 12 At.%.Several second phases are formed during pulsed Mo ion implantation 2 into aluminum with high ion flux of 50˜80µA/cm2 which raises the target temperature from 400°C to 600°C.More second phases are formed by dual Mo+C implantation with high dose of 3˜5×10 17/cm2 and high flux of 50˜75µA/cm2 . And the target temperature is raised from 400 to 600°C. The FeMo Fe3Mo2, Fe2MoC, Mo2C, MoC, MoCx, phases and iron carbides are identified by X-ray diffraction technique.

Exafs Studies of Cobalt Silicide Formation Produced by High Dose Ion Implantation

1988 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Tan ◽  
J. I. Budnick ◽  
F. Sanchez ◽  
G. Tourillon ◽  
F. Namavar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cobalt Silicide ◽  
Silicide Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ordered Phases ◽  
X Ray Absorption

AbstractThe early stages of cobalt silicide formation in high dose (1.0 to 8.0× 1017Co/cm2) cobalt implanted Si(100) are studied by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). Locally ordered silicide that is not detectable in XRD has been observed with EXAFS in the as-implanted samples. Long-range ordered phases are observed in the 3 × 1017Co/cm2 samples. After thermal annealing at 700–750°C, single phase CoSi2 with (400) orientation is formed in all implants.

Amorphization of Crystalline Phase Change Material by Ion Implantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Raoux ◽  
Guy Cohen ◽  
Robert M. Shelby ◽  
Huai-Yu Cheng ◽  
Jean L Jordan-Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Change Material ◽  
Ion Implanted

AbstractGermanium ion implantation at an energy of 30 keV was used as a different method to re-amorphize thin films of crystalline phase change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). It was found that rather low doses of 5×1013 cm-2 were sufficient to re-amorphize GST. Amorphization was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as reflectivity measurements. Re-crystallization characteristics of ion-implantation-amorphized samples was studied using time-resolved XRD. It showed that samples re-crystallize at an increased crystallization temperature with increasing dose compared to as-deposited material. A static laser tester was applied to measure the crystallization times of material that was (1) as–deposited amorphous; (2) crystallized by annealing and re-amorphized by melt-quenching using a laser pulse; and (3) crystallized by annealing and re-amorphized by ion implantation. It was found that as-deposited amorphous and high-dose ion implanted samples had longer crystallization times while melt-quenched amorphous and low-dose ion implanted samples had shorter crystallization times.

Study on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 2132-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xiang Huang ◽  
Ping Yin ◽  
Yong Hong Xu ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrum ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silver Alloys ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Electronic Microscope

Potentiodynamic electrochemical tests and surface analysis technics, such as scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), were applied to investigate the microstructure and corrosion behavior of Ag-Cu-Zn-Ni alloys in Na2S solution. The results reveal that the α-Ag phase is the main matrix of the studied silver alloys. The second phase of Ag-4Cu-0.3Ni and Ag-3Cu-Zn-0.3Ni/Ag-6Cu-Zn-0.3Ni are respectively CuNi and CuNi(Zn) phases. The second phases of Ag-6Cu-Zn-0.3Ni are well-distributed, which leads to an improvement in the corrosion resistance in Na2S solution.

Residual Stress in and Microstructure of Fe and Ti Surface Layers After 1 Mev N+ Implantation at High Dose

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Vredenberg ◽  
F.W. Saris ◽  
N.M. v.d. Pers ◽  
P.F. Colijn ◽  
Th.H. de Keijser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
High Dose ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nitride Formation

ABSTRACTThe effect of 1 MeV N+ irradiation on the microstructure of Fe and Ti specimens was investigated. The Fe and Ti specimens were implanted such that the N peak concentration (30 at.% in Fe, 45 at.% in Ti), was below the concentration of N in ε-Fe2N and δ-TiN, respectively. X-ray diffraction phase analysis showed that ε-Fe2N and δ-TiN had formed. X-ray diffraction stress analysis indicated that the residual stress in the Fe and Ti matrices was negligible after implantation. This suggests that the volume misfit due to nitride formation had been accommodated by plastic deformation. Indeed, surface profilometry of implanted Fe showed that a volume increase of the specimen had occurred which was compatible with the formation of unstrained nitride .

Nanostructured TiO2-Based Composites for Light Absorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 975 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Dayse I. dos Santos ◽  
Olayr Modesto Jr. ◽  
Luis Vicente A. Scalvi ◽  
Americo S. Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Powders

Metal oxide nanocomposites were prepared by two different routes: polyol and sol-gel. Characterization by X ray diffraction showed that the first process produces directly a two-phase material, while the sol-gel powder never showed second phase below 600°C. Light spectroscopy of the treated powders indicated similarities for the processed materials. Although the overall material compositions are about the same, different structural characteristics are found for each processing. With the exception of Ti-Zn materials, all the double metal oxide powders showed higher absorbance than either TiO2 powder.

Optical properties of anatase TiO2 films modified by N ion implantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xiang ◽  
D. Chang ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
C.M. Liu ◽  
X.T. Zu
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

Anatase TiO2 thin films are deposited on K9 glass samples at different substrate temperatures by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. N ion implantation is performed in the as-deposited TiO2 thin films at ion fluences of 5 × 1016, 1 × 1017, and 5 × 1017 ions/cm2. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–visible spectrophotometer are used to characterize the films. With increasing N ion fluences, the absorption edges of anatase TiO2 films shift to longer wavelengths and the absorbance increases in the visible light region. XPS results show that the red shift of TiO2 films is due to the formation of N–Ti–O compounds. As a result, photoactivity is enhanced with increasing N ion fluence.

Wettability and Nanotribological Response of Silicon Surfaces Functionalized by Ion Implantation

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Bruno Nunes ◽  
Sergio Magalhães ◽  
Nuno Franco ◽  
Eduardo Alves ◽  
Ana Paula Serro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aiming to improve the nanotribological response of Si-based materials we implanted silicon wafers with different fluences of iron ions (up to 2x1017 cm-2). Implantation was followed by annealing treatments at temperatures from 550°C to 1000°C. The implanted surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wettability tests. Then, samples were submitted to AFM-based nanowear tests. We observe an increase of both hidrophobicity and and wear resistance of the implanted silicon, indicating that ion implantation of Si can be a route to be deeper explored in what concerns tribomechanical improvement of Si.

COMPARISON OF WEAR RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF DIE STEEL IMPLANTED WITH C AND Mo IONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
M. F. CHENG ◽  
J. H. YANG ◽  
X. D. LUO ◽  
T. H. ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
X Ray

Mo and C ions extracted from a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source were implanted into the surface of die steel (H13) to compare the wear resistance mechanisms of the implanted samples, respectively. The concentration depth profiles of implanted ions were measured using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and calculated by a code called TRIDYN. The structures of the implanted steel were observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing-angle X-ray diffraction, respectively. It was found that the conventional heat-treated H13 steel could not be further hardened by the subsequent implanted C ions, and the thickness of the implanted layer was not an important factor for the Mo and C ion implantation to improve the wear resistance of the H13 steel. Mo ion implantation could obviously improve the wear resistance of the steel at an extraction voltage of 48 kV and a dose of 5 × 1017 cm -2 due to formation of a modification layer of little oxidation with Mo 2 C in the implanted surface.

X-ray diffraction and Raman study of DL-alanine at high pressure: revision of phase transitions

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Tumanov ◽  
Elena V. Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Group Symmetry ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structural Phase Transitions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Raman Study

The effect of pressure on DL-alanine has been studied by X-ray powder diffraction (up to 8.3 GPa), single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy (up to ∼ 6 GPa). No structural phase transitions have been observed. At ∼ 1.5–2 GPa, cell parameters b and c become accidentally equal to each other, but the space-group symmetry does not change. There is no phase transition between 1.7 and 2.3 GPa, contrary to what has been reported earlier [Belo et al. (2010). Vibr. Spectrosc. 54, 107–111]. The presence of the second phase transition, which was claimed to appear within the pressure range from 6.0 to 7.3 GPa (Belo et al., 2010), is also argued. The changes in the Raman spectra have been shown to be continuous in all the pressure ranges studied.

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