scholarly journals MASLAHAH MUNFARIDAH SEBAGAI JUSTIFIKASI DALAM PENGAMALAN HUKUM ISLAM

Asy-Syari ah ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Maulana Ni'ma Alhizbi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Philosophical Method ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Individual Welfare ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Law ◽  
Do So

AbstractHumans as khalifatullah are provided by Allah with minds and qalbu, so they can differentiate mashlahah (good) from mafsadat (bad). The potential of minds, situation, condition, and environment of each person is different, that has made the mashlahah is different for each person. This study is aimed to determine the epistemological process of individual mashlahah to be a communal mashlahah. This research begins with the view that the door of ijtihad is always open to anyone who has the credibility to do so, and the notion that not every issue has been answered by previous fuqaha, and reaffirm Islam as the religion of rahmatan lil 'aalamiin This research applied the descriptive philosophical method, and used various books of scholars and experts that related to ushul fiqh, qaidah fiqh, and the objective of Islamic Law as data source. The results of this study show that epistemologically, individual welfare can be explored through understanding and analysis of two sources of Islamic law (the Qur'an and the Sunnah) about the ease in carrying out the legal provisions contained in it as stipulated in surah al-Baqarah verse 185 and 286, by using ushul fiqh and fiqh rules. The hadith of the Prophet لا ضرر ولا ضرار is a legal basis that can provide information about individuals mashlahah that can be used as a standard for public selfare. By refers to illat factors of law in every person, a law can be applied only to people who have equal illat. If all humans have the same illat, then the law can be applied to all humans.Keywords: mashlahah, the objective of Islamic law, ushul fiqh, fiqhAbstrakManusia sebagai khalifatullah dibekali oleh Allah dengan akal dan qolbu, akal dapat berfungsi untuk mengetahui mana hal yang mashlahah (baik), dan mana yang mafsadat (buruk).  Potensi akal, situasi, kondisi, dan lingkungan setiap orang berbeda-beda maka mashlahahnya pun akan berbeda pula satu sama lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan proses epistemologis kemaslahatan individu menjadi kemaslahatan yang umum serta dasar hukum yang melandasinya. Penelitian ini berawal dari pandangan bahwa pintu ijtihad selalu terbuka bagi setiap orang yang mempunyai kredibilitas untuk melakukannya, dan anggapan bahwa tidak setiap persoalan yang ada sekarang sudah dijawab oleh para fuqaha terdahulu, juga harus adanya pemikiran kembali terhadap Islam dan mengukuhkannya sebagai agama rahmatan lil ‘aalamiin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode filosofis deskriptif, dengan sumber data adalah kitab-kitab karya ulama dan para pakar ushul fiqh yang berhubungan dengan Tujuan Hukum Islam, Mashlahah, Qaidah Fiqh dan Qaidah Ushul Fiqh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara epistemologis, kemash­lahatan perseorangan dapat digali melalui pemahaman dan analisis terhadap dua sumber hukum Islam (al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah) tentang kemudahan-kemudahan dalam menjalankan ketentuan hukum yang ada di dalamnya seperti dalam surat al-Baqarah ayat 185 dan 286, dengan menggunakan kaidah ushul fiqh dan kaidah fiqh untuk men­jelaskan keduanya. Hadits Nabiلا ضرر ولا ضرار  merupakan landasan hukum yang dapat memberikan keterangan tentang kemash­lahatan individu yang bisa dijadikan standar dari kemashlahataan umum. Dengan melihat kepada faktor illat hukum pada setiap individu, hukum dapat diterapkan hanya kepada orang yang mempunyai persamaan dalam illat hukum. Apabila seluruh manusia memiliki illat hukum yang sama maka hukum dapat diberlakukan kepada seluruh manusia.Kata kunci: mashlahah, tujuan hukum Islam, ushul fiqh, fiqh 

scholarly journals MAQÂSHID AL-SYARÎ’AH AL-SYÂTHÎBÎ (Sebuah Upaya untuk Menyingkap Tujuan Asasi Formulasi Hukum Islam)

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Abdul Jalil Abdul Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
The Law ◽  
Alternative Understanding

Abstract: The al-Qur’ân is the only source of law by muslims believed to contain the rules guidelines and guidence to live in the word and the hereafter. Understand it (al-Qur’ân) requires a skill as well expertise, especially in the filed of linguistics  (rule lughâwiyyah) so as to understand the meaning of the word of god as defailed in the al-qur’ân. But god’s law is written in mushhaf sheets are also has the meaning that can be understood from what is implied  behind the text, a fundamental goal (maqâshid al-syarî’ah) of legal provisions in nashshîyyah. In the article the author wants to give an alternative understanding of the idea of a reformer of islamic legal thought that al-Syâthîbî in maqâshid al-syarî’ah outlines in his monumental work. Entitled al-muwâfaqât fî usûl al-syarî’ah . Whit this idea, the observer of islamic law is expected in understanding the law of god is not mely because there is an assessment tekts, but also expected more attention to and consider the fundamental purpose of the establishment of law of god. Key Words: al-Qur’ân, maqâshid al-syarî’ah, al-Syâthîbi, dan mashlahah

scholarly journals ANALISIS GENDER TERHADAP PERCERAIAN SUMPAH LI’AN DALAM PUTUSAN NOMOR 0918/Pdt.G.2019/PA.Bdw

Ijlil ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-322
Author(s):  
Angga Tiara Wardaningtias ◽  
Inayatul Anisah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
State Position ◽  
The Law ◽  
Religious Courts

The consequence of divorce by li’an vows is the breakup of the lineage of the child with his father and the end of the marriage forever. Bondowoso Religious Court is one of the Religious Courts that decide divorce by another oath. The judge's consideration in deciding the oath of allegiance by the legal basis in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), namely article 162. However, submitting a child denial application is not following article 102 of the Compilation of Islamic Law. Decision number 0918 / Pdt.G.2019 / PA.Bdw exceeds the time limit allowed to apply for child denial. The Judge of the Religious Court has not yet used Perma No. 03 of 2017 on Guidelines for Judging Women's Matters Facing the Law, as a guideline for judging women in a conference. So that the understanding of gender is still lacking and even do not agree with the concept of gender. What is meant by injustice here is when one type of gender is better in its state, position, and position.

scholarly journals Islamization of Law of Evidence in Pakistan with Specific Reference to Testimony of a Woman

rahatulquloob ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Atif Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The People ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Evidence

The subject matter of any case contains many facts proved by anyone of the parties to have a decision in his favour from a court of law. The primary objective of the law of evidence is to prescribe the rules to prove the facts of the case assisting the court of law in any case. The Law of Evidence forms a foundation for administration of justice in every legal system. This is considered a system of rules for disputed questions of fact in judicial inquiries. This law determines and helps to enforce the liability or grant aright on the basis of facts presented in the court of law. Islamic Law of Evidence is manifest due to the Islamic System of administration of justice and it rules are framed by the Law giver on the basis of primary sources of Islamic Law whereas the rules of other evidence law are made by the people. The current paper discusses the process of Islamization in Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It focuses on the Law of Evidence that how it is Islamized. It also highlights the specific legal provisions of Pakistani Law of Evidence were Islamized and indicates the role of some other constitutional institutions of Pakistan in Islamization of Law of Evidence. 

scholarly journals Urgensi Pemikiran Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi Tentang Al-Istihsan dalam Menjawab Problematika Hukum dalam Masyarakat

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-354
Author(s):  
Syawaluddin Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract This research try to raise the perspective of Islamic law answering the problems in society by using the Al-Istihsan method of Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi. The complexity of the existing regulations has not been able to answer the problems in society, so we need a way to find the law. This research is a qualitative research with a conceptual approach with data collection methods obtained through the work of Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi and literature that discusses about Istihsan. The results of this study found that; First, Istihsan can be used as a argument for syariah because istihsan does not stipulate law with analogy, istihsan is a method of legal istinbath that can be accounted for because it is based on a strong foundation (sanad); Second, after describing istihsan in ushul fiqih in the view of the Hanafi school, it can be said that in essence istihsan is one of the efforts of the mujtahid to find a way out of the power of general principles or qiyas to aparticular problem in order to find legal provisions that are more in accordance with The soul and spirit of the Shariah, because indeed the texts cannot be understood only in language but also understood by using the broad logic of making shari'a (Al-Mantiq Al-tasyri'i) which gives the mujtahid the opportunity to realize the will of Al Shariah. Keywords: Al-Syarakhsi, Istihsan, Law, Society.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat perspektif hukum Islam dalam menjawab masalah-masalah yang muncul di tengah masyarakat dengan menggunakan pemikiran Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi tentang Al-Istihsan. Kompleksitas regulasi yang ada ternyata belum mampu menjawab problematika ditengah masyarakat sehingga dibutuhkan cara untuk menemukan hukumnya. Penilitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dengan metode pengumpulan data yang diperoleh melalui karya Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi dan literatur yang membahas tentang Istihsan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa; Pertama, Istihsan dapat di jadikan sebagai dalil syara’ karena istihsan itu bukan menetapkan hukum dengan ra’yi semata, istihsan itu merupakan suatu cara istinbath hukum yang dapat di pertanggung jawabkan karena di dasarkan kepada sandaran (sanad) yang kuat; Kedua, Setelah diuraikan istihsan dalam ushul fiqih dalam pandangan madzhab Hanafi maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pada hakikatnya istihsan itu merupakan salah satu upaya mujtahid untuk mencari jalan keluar dari kekuatan kaidah umum atau qiyas terhadap suatu masalah juz’i dalam rangka mencari ketentuan hukum yang lebih sesuai dengan jiwa dan ruh syari’at, karena memang nash tidak bisa di pahami hanya secara bahasa semata tetapi harus di pahami dengan menggunakan logika pembuatan syariat (Al-Mantiq Al-tasyri’i) yang luas yang memberikan kesempatan kepada mujtahid untuk merealisasikan kehendak Al syari’ semaksimal mungkin. Keywords: Al-Syarakhsi, Istihsan, Hukum, Masyarakat

Menggagas Fikih Media Sosial

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Khariri Khariri
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social History ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Times

The development in the field of information technology in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 was so rapid. However, there are many negative findings from the use of social media, such as hoaxes, utterances of hatred, slander, etc. This requires a more contextual study of Islamic law (fiqh) and is able to answer what is the demand of the times, especially the phenomenon of social media. In carrying out the formulation of Islamic law, there are two methods of reasoning used, namely normative-deductive and empirical-inductive, so that the resulting laws can be in accordance with the demands of the community. Therefore, the idea of social media fiqh is to make an effort to find the maqāṣid al-syarī’ah (legal purpose) in the use of social media. By using the theory of sadd al-żarī’ah analysis, this study sought formulation of Islamic law in order to be a solution in the times. This theory is used to explore various problems that have occurred in the development of communication on social media. In addition, this study attempts to trace the exclusion (istinbāṭ) of the law in formulating the fiqh of social media with the Uṣūl al-Fiqh approach and the social history of Islamic law. The work of this research is inseparable from the two legal provisions that have been formulated before, namely the MUI fatwa on Social Media and the Law of Information and Electronic Transaction.

scholarly journals CONCEPTION OF LEGAL PROTECTION IN ISLAMIC LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Achmad Musyahid Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Subjects

Legal protection is a human right which is a basic need for every human being, both human beings as legal subjects and human beings as legal objects. As legal subjects, humans have civil rights that must be implemented in accordance with applicable legal provisions. Likewise with humans as legal objects, their rights must still be protected even though they have been convicted by law. Sometimes legal protection for humans cannot be realized because the source of the applicable law does not provide legal instruments and even the protection of the law does not materialize because of the lack of understanding of the source of the law which applies in society.Islamic law as one source of law and adopted in countries like Indonesia offers the conception of legal protection in accordance with the dignity and human rights, because of the flexibility of Islamic law, so that Islamic law can be understood and adjusted to the social development of the society. Islamic law that emphasizes public benefit guarantees the legal protection needed by the community, but the values of flexibility must still be explored from the main sources of the Qur'an and the hadith of the prophet.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CASH WAQF IN THE PESANTREN OF AL-AMIEN PRENDUAN SUMENEP REGENCY OF MADURA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-119
Author(s):  
Moch. Cholid Wardi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
The Body ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
The Law ◽  
Implementation Status

Abstract:Cash waqf still becomes the frame in the ulama’ debate, especially in Hanafiyah and Syâfi`îyah schools. Therefore, it requires deeper insight either empirically from the field or theoritically in Islamic law analysis through aqwâl al-`ulamâ’, so that the concept and the legal basis of its management and development can be known. This paper discusses about productive waqf and the uniqueness of the application of management of cash waqf  in a pesantren (Islamic boarding school). Besides, the standardisation of the law applied in the implementation of the cash waqf which encompasses: al-Qur'an, Hadits, fiqh rules, and aqwâl al-`ulamâ’ needs to be analyzed fo find out a conclusion of the implementation status. In the implementation, there are many unique things which are interesting to analyze, namely the use of the institution fund which is oriented to develop cash waqf and the exictence of waqf board which becomes the highest decision maker. It means that the highest leader is no longer on the foundation but on the waqf board because all of the pesantren’s assets become waqf   property, even the body and everything valuable to them are made as waqf assets.Abstrak:Cash waqf  atau biasa disebut dengan wakaf tunai ini masih menjadi bingkai dalam perdebatan ulama, lebih-lebih dari golongan Hanafiyah dan Syâfi’îyah. Oleh karenanya, ia perlu digali informasi baik secara empiris di lapangan maupun secara teoritis dalam kajian hukum Islam melalui aqwâl al-`ulamâ’ sehingga dapat diketahui konsep dan dasar hukum yang dipakai dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangannya. Tulisan ini membahas wakaf produktif dan keunikan pelaksanaan manajemen wakaf tunai di pesantren. Di samping itu, standarisasi hukum yang digunakan dalam implementasi perwakafan tunai ini (cash waqf) yang meliputi: al-Qur`ân, Hadits, kaidah fiqhiyah, kaidah ushuliyah, dan aqwâl al-‘ulamâ perlu dikaji untuk menemukan kesimpulan status pelaksanaannya. Dalam implementasinya, beberapa hal unik yang menarik untuk dikaji, yaitu penggunaan dana lembaga yang diorientasikan untuk mengembangkan wakaf tunai. Eksistensi badan wakaf yang menjadi penentu kebijakan tertinggi, artinya pimpinan tertinggi tidak lagi dipegang oleh yayasan, melainkan badan wakaf karena semua aset pesantren dijadikan sebagai harta wakaf, bahkan badan dan sesuatu yang bermanfaat dari diri mereka dijadikan sebagai aset wakaf.

scholarly journals METODE PEMBAGIAN WARIS TERHADAP ISTRI KEDUA PERSPEKTIF KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERDATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Abdul Hafidz Miftahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Law

Inheritance is a collection of regulations governing the law regarding wealth because of one's death, which is the transfer of wealth left by the dead and the consequences of this transfer for those who obtain it both in their relationship with them, as well as their relationship with third parties. The main purpose of inheritance is either in the Compilation of Islamic Law or civil law is to provide welfare and justice for heirs based on the principles and legal basis of each. The distribution of inheritance to the second wife according to the Compilation of Islamic Law and Civil Law has similarities and differences. The elements in inheritance according to the Compilation of Islamic Law and civil law are the same or hand in hand and complement each other, nothing contradicts. However, in some cases there are differences, one of which is in the division and number of parts for heirs. Also for the second wife, the two laws differ in looking at her. Islam views the second wife as being the same as the other wives as long as there are no children, but civil law views that the part for the second wife must not be more than the child of the first wife.

scholarly journals Sanksi Prostitusi Online Perspektif Hukum Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-112
Author(s):  
Ria Zumaroh
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Penal Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
One Year

Abstract: This article discusses Islamic penal law perspective on the punishment of online prostitution through social media. In practice, the legal basis of punishing pimps is the Penal Code article 296 with the maximum of 1 year and 4 months of imprisonment or maximum fine of fifteen thousand rupiahs, article 506 with maximum one year of imprisonment. The Penal Code article 284 also punishes prostitutes who act in voluntary adultery. Likewise, the Law No. 11 2008 on electronic information and transaction article 27 (1) states that the felon of this crime is punished with maximum of six year of imprisonment or maximum fine of one billion rupiahs. This punishment is considered lenient and not making felon learning any lesson for his/her wrong doing. In Islamic penal law, online prostitution is considered jarîmah ta’zîr because there is no textual reference on this crime. Judges is authorized to decide punishment for the felon of this jarîmah ta’zîr. Keywords: punishment, online prostitution, social media, Islamic law Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang sanksi prostitusi online melalui media sosial dilihat dari perspektif hukum Islam. Dasar hukum yang digunakan dalam menjerat mucikari adalah Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Pasal 296 yaitu pidana penjara paling lama satu tahun empat bulan atau pidana denda paling banyak lima belas ribu rupiah; dan Pasal 506 yakni pidana kurungan paling lama satu tahun. Bagi seorang PSK, Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana menyebutkannya sebagai pesenggamaan atas dasar suka sama suka, yang dilakukan oleh seseorang dengan orang yang telah bersuami atau beristri (permukahan) sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam Pasal 284 KUHP. Adapun dalam Undang-Undang No.11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik Pasal 27 Ayat (1), dijerat dengan ancaman pidana penjara paling lama 6 tahun dan atau denda paling banyak Rp.1.000.000.000,00 (satu miliar rupiah). Sanksi ini dirasa kurang memberikan efek jera kepada pelaku. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, tindak pidana prostitusi online termasuk dalam kategori jarîmah ta’zîr, karena tidak ada ketentuan nash mengenai tindak pidana ini. Hakim diberi kewenangan untuk menjatuhkan hukuman bagi pelaku jarîmah ta’zîr. Kata Kunci: Sanksi, prostitusi online, media sosial, hukum Islam.

scholarly journals PERJANJIAN KREDIT KONVENSIONAL DAN AKAD PEMBIAYAAN SYARIAH DALAM SISTEM PERBANKAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Miftah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Risk And Benefit ◽  
Credit Contract

In distribution of fund, the system adopted by conventional banking and Islamic banking is almost the same in distributing the fund with the provision of credit and of financing by banks to their customers. There is specifically legal basis of contract (aqad) that distinguishes where conventional banking is based on the contract law in Burgerlijk Wetboek and Islamic banking is based on aqad law stipulated in Islamic Sharia (Islamic Law). Problems studied in this research is how the credit contract in the conventional banking and how aqad financing in islamic banking are actually. To know the problem, it will be used descriptive study using secondary data as the data source of this research and then analyzed qualitatively. Thus concluded that the credit contract is a beginning process between the creditor and debtor which are applied in the conventional banking system in its efforts to develop funds collected and also to utilize the funds with the best. But Islamic banking financing adheresses to the profit and loss sharing system that has a unity concept in facing of risk and benefit and also existed justice in bussiness is the basic principle of Islamic banking system.

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